The "2024 Sustainable Development Goals Report" released by the United Nations on June 28 shows，Only 6 years left to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals，But the progress made so far is still far from what is required to achieve the goal。In the context of accelerating changes in the world that have not been seen in a century，Global sustainable development has a long way to go。The international development system is ushering in disruptive changes，International public goods are replacing official development assistance as a new form of promoting international development。Evolving trends surrounding the international development system，Our reporter recently interviewed Dennis Munene, executive director of the China-Africa Research Center at the Kenya Institute of African Policy。

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International development in the modern sense began with the “Marshall Plan” after World War II，Played an irreplaceable role in maintaining the post-war international order，Aid targets are gradually expanding from European countries to developing countries in other regions。Munine told reporters，After World War II，Many developing countries that have escaped colonial rule face severe underdevelopment。At regional and global levels，Bilateral and multilateral economic assistance have become traditional international development policies。

However，Munine said，These international development policies have been criticized，Because some Western countries do not consider local development conditions or needs，Impose its development model or development priorities on the recipient country。At regional level，Frequent conflicts、Political instability、Problems such as rising inequality hinder the bet365 Play online games effective implementation of international development policies。In addition，Most Western countries also feel aid “fatigue” due to internally generated problems，Some countries have gradually reduced bilateral and multilateral economic aid to countries in the “Global South”。Globally，Such as isolationism、Unilateralism and other anti-globalization trends have become the biggest challenge to international development policy practice。

In this context，China and other emerging economies have begun to reflect on traditional international development policies，Pay more attention to promoting trade、Finance、Infrastructure construction and peaceful development。Munine thinks，This kind of development policy is more sustainable。The “One Belt, One Road” initiative proposed by China、Global Development Initiative、International public goods such as the Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilization Initiative focus on building transformative economic partnerships，will help achieve the United Nations’ 2030 Sustainable Development Goals。

　Breaking the Western narrative of confrontational politics and Cold War mentality

Different from the common development narrative advocated by China and other emerging economies，The West continues to propose disaster-oriented narratives，Suppress China、Suppress China，Trying to contain China’s development。1994，Robert Kaplan, a senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security, believes in a long cover article "The Coming Anarchy" published in The Atlantic，To understand the decisive events that will affect the world in the next 50 years，People must first understand the scarcity of environmental resources、Cultural and ethnic conflict、The important role of geographical factors and issues such as war transformation。Proposed by Kaplan，Environmental issues should be regarded as major national security bet365 Play online games issues in the 21st century。Population growth over the next 50 years will intensify the spread of diseases、Deforestation、Soil erosion、Water resource depletion、Issues such as air pollution and sea level rise。These events will lead to mass immigration，Triggering group conflicts。Munine said，Some Western countries have been accusing China of exploiting the natural resources of its economic partners, especially those on the African continent，At the same time, it is believed that once these natural resources are exhausted and conflicts will break out，China is the main factor in the "coming anarchy"，This is obviously nonsense。

　1996，American political scientist Samuel Huntington in the book "The Clash of Civilizations and the Reconstruction of World Order"，Proposed the "clash of civilizations theory" that has been debated in the international political and academic circles。In Huntington’s view，The conflict between civilizations will be the next stage in the evolution of conflicts in the modern world，The main conflicts in global politics will be between countries and groups of different civilizations。

Munine thinks，China’s global civilization initiative can break this Western narrative that perpetuates confrontational politics and Cold War mentality。Global Civilization Initiative advocates peace、Development、Fair、Justice、Democracy、The common value of freedom for all mankind，These values ​​are the fundamental basis for human beings to realize modernization。The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation symbolizes cooperation among civilizations，Instead of a conflict between civilizations。

　2012，The "Thucydides Trap" theory proposed by American political scientist Graham Allison，An emerging power will inevitably challenge the status of an established power，And the established powers will inevitably take measures to contain and suppress them，Conflict Bet365 app download and even war between the two are inevitable。Munine said，This means that there will definitely be a conflict between the United States and China，But that’s not the case，China is refuting this view by pursuing a path of peaceful development。For China，Peaceful development is not the monopoly of development by a few countries or specific social classes，Must be shared prosperity。Because of this，China is helping Africa and the rest of the world prosper in peaceful coexistence。

In recent years，To curb China’s development in new energy vehicles、Advantages in lithium batteries and photovoltaic products，Some Western countries advocate China’s “overcapacity”。April this year，U.S. Treasury Secretary Yellen said during her visit to China，China’s industrial overcapacity，Especially the overcapacity in the field of green energy，Is threatening U.S. production of components for products such as electric vehicles and solar panels。Munine said，This narrative is to protect the US domestic market，Instead of focusing on reducing global carbon emissions。In addition，China is making contributions to the international community through the construction of ecological civilization。Emphasis on the concept of ecological civilization，The development of technology and science must be based on the harmonious coexistence of human beings and nature。The international order is in a period of turbulence and change，The rise of Western populism、Climate change、Continuous international conflicts、Global economic growth slows down、Rampant terrorist activities，The concept of ecological civilization advocated by China will help stabilize the world order。

September 2015，President Xi Jinping delivered an important speech at the general debate of the 70th United Nations General Assembly，Emphasis on building a new type of international relations with win-win cooperation as the core，Building a community with Bet365 app download a shared future for mankind。For this，President Xi Jinping proposed，Establish equal treatment、Partnership of mutual consultation and understanding；Create fairness and justice、Co-building and sharing of security landscape；Pursue open innovation、Inclusive and mutually beneficial development prospects；Promote harmony without difference、An eclectic exchange of civilizations；Build to respect nature、Ecosystem of green development。Munine said，These propositions provide important support for the construction of global ecological civilization。

In addition，Pseudo-multilateralism strengthens Western hegemony，The true multilateralism symbolized by the joint construction of the “Belt and Road” initiative has a global perspective，Bringing the Northern and Southern Hemispheres closer，Munine added。

　The formulation of development policies requires in-depth understanding of the local area

Current，Artificial Intelligence、Cloud computing、Big data、Industrial robot、Machine learning and other emerging technologies are developing rapidly，Creating a knowledge gap in global development policy and practice。Munine thinks，These technologies also provide opportunities for the international community，Can help countries in the Global South address most traditional and non-traditional challenges，For food security、Healthcare、Providing solutions to pressing issues such as financial services and climate change，Thus achieving economic growth and inclusive development。However，Due to lack of expertise，The dividends of existing technological progress cannot be fully utilized，This is especially true for developing countries。

According to Munine，Some development policies are often formulated without a deep understanding of local society、Cultural and Economic Situation，Thus leading to misplacement of intervention measures。bet365 Play online games 1980s and 1990s，The major members of the Bretton Woods system do not understand Africa’s economic problems，Designed Structural Adjustment Programs, a program that failed to stimulate growth，Having a negative impact on the African continent，Leading to stagnation of the overall African economy and bringing about devastating social consequences。In addition，World agencies generally believe that African economies are at the same level of development，Experiencing similar problems。These perceptions deviate from the reality in Africa。

　How to establish and maintain effective governance structures in developing countries，There is also a knowledge gap。Munine explained，Most developing countries, especially those in Africa，is struggling with the corruption that hinders its development。According to United Nations data，Africa loses at least US$50 billion every year due to illicit financial outflows，Much of it stems from corruption。Corruption makes it difficult for the continent to achieve food security、Health、Improvement of social welfare and overall human capital development，Effective solutions are urgently needed。

Munine said，The future global development agenda may be affected by factors such as technological advancement、Geopolitical dynamics、Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability、Industrial Development、Changes in the economic situation (such as rising unemployment、Inflation、Recession、Depression、The impact of key factors such as recovery, etc.) and public health crises (such as the new crown epidemic)。These factors will change the rules of the game for international development policy，Developments affecting global society in the 21st century。

To this，Munine appeal，The international community needs to promote the construction of an equal and orderly multi-polar world，To achieve common development。Industrial Development、Technological bet365 Play online games progress、Trade Promotion、Infrastructure construction、Policies such as the construction of ecological civilization must be based on mutual respect、United as one、Win-win cooperation、Open、Principles such as common prosperity，This is how to ensure that no country or society is left behind。In addition，Due to the devastating effects of climate change、Anti-globalization trends and ongoing inter- and intra-state conflicts around the world，The international community needs to engage in "equal dialogue among civilizations"，To establish a mutually beneficial outcome for all parties、Resilient、Responsive global governance framework。