bet365 bonus code pa newspaper’s comprehensive foreign media reports Recently，Misheck Mutize, chief credit bet365 bonus code pa expert of the African Peer Review Mechanism, wrote an article on the "Dialogue" website，International credit bet365 bonus code pa agencies are biased in assessing African countries’ sovereign risks。Comparative analysis of Africa from 2010 to 2018、Europe、The economic growth rate of 30 countries in Asia and Latin America can be found，Lack of consistency in the application of economic indicators in sovereign credit ratings。This is also one of the reasons why the African Union hopes to establish Africa’s own sovereign credit bet365 bonus code pa agency。

Mutize believes，How to define and evaluate the objectivity of sovereign credit rating methods is an issue that requires in-depth discussion。In the process of credit rating，Prejudice can come in many forms，Can be reflected in the objects being quantitatively measured，Can also manifest through more subtle forms of qualitative bias。Mutize further explained，The working location of credit rating analysts has a significant impact on the objectivity of African countries’ sovereign credit rating results。Most analysts are based in Europe、Asia or United States，Among the three major bet365 bonus code pa in the world，Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s have offices in South Africa，Only 5-10 analysts cover about 25 sovereign countries、Corporate and sub-sovereign entity ratings，Fitch, another international rating agency, closed its African office in 2015。Generally speaking，These analysts visit the rated countries for a maximum of two weeks per year，Such a short period of time is far from sufficient to fully understand and effectively assess risk factors，It makes people question the workload of analysts and the accuracy of rating results。

Due to insufficient research and short visit time，Analysts often base their assumptions on pessimism、Written review、Rate online discussions and public information。They also tend to ignore key data that can only be obtained by in-depth knowledge of the countries being rated，This involves policy effects、Organizational Performance、Assessment of risk factors related to domestic political and geopolitical dynamics。Analysts’ overconservatism、Insufficient understanding of the national conditions of African countries and errors in assessment，has been a recurring situation in the sovereign bet365 bonus code pa ratings of African countries。

Research by Patrycja Klusak, professor of accounting and finance at Heriot-Watt University in the United Kingdom, and others shows，Analysts’ knowledge of the country being rated、Closeness and preference for home country will have an impact in the bet365 bonus code pa。Compared to unfamiliar or distant countries，Analysts may assign higher sovereign credit bet365 bonus code pa scores to other countries。

Mutize believes，Unpacking credit rating methods helps understand how bias occurs。S&P’s sovereign credit rating methodology focuses on five factors，Includes two quantitative factors in economics、Currency and three qualitative factors system、External factors and finance。On qualitative factors，The rating agency adopts a 1-6 point scoring system，Analysts have greater discretion in assigning scores，Makes judgment susceptible to bias。Krusak et al. also discovered，Links between European finance officials and top managers of bet365 bonus code pa，May interfere with rating decisions。For example，The finance minister of a European country and the director of an international rating agency、Executive or Senior Analyst Association，May increase sovereign credit rating by 0.5—1.3 levels。

Mutize’s suggestion，Additional analysts in Africa、Expand the scope and duration of consultation，Help reduce the bias of bet365 bonus code pa when rating African countries’ sovereign credit。Analysts based in Africa need to expand their engagement with stakeholders，Extended field trip time in the rated country，Brings a different perspective than non-resident analysts in event interpretation and risk assessment。This can alleviate the problems existing in the sovereign credit ratings of African countries to a certain extent。

(Liu Yuwei/Compiled)