Ancient Chinese literature can be divided into two categories of elegance and vulgarity according to its attributes。Zheng Zhenduo proposed: "‘ vulgar literature ’is popular literature，is folk literature，That is Volkswagen's literature ... Almost except poetry and prose，An important style，Like a novel、Opera、Change text、Bouncing Words and the like，All must be returned to the scope of ‘vulgar literature’。"Huang Dongbai believes:" ‘Ya Literature’ refers to the popularization of literati doctors，Taking ‘Gentle and Honest’ as the creative specification、Literature with poetry and prose as the main genre; while ‘vulgar literature’ refers to the popularity between civilians，With novel、opera and rap literature as a common pattern of literary works。"Since ancient times to the present，Although the discussions on ancient Chinese elegant and vulgar literature are quite rich，Although the discussions on ancient Chinese elegant and vulgar literature are quite rich。

Parrot has white、Red、Huang、Green and other colors，Good Scholars，Good Scholars，It is generally loved by the public。Ancient Chinese elegant and vulgar literary works all shaped a large number of parrot images，It is very different from other birds and beasts that appear.，Can be called the model of observation of ancient Chinese elegant literature。

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The creator of the image of the parrot has gone through the process from writer literati to civilians。The image of the parrot in elegant literature mainly appears in the writing of writers and literati，The name of the creator can be determined。Intellectuality，"Parrot Fu" is the first famous masterpiece of the parrot in ancient Chinese elegant literature。Xue Yunxiu pointed out: "After writing" Parrot Fu "，Then there was a climax of a chanting parrot，There are five in the family of his contemporary bet365 Play online games era。Statistics from late Han to Ming and Qing dynasties，A total of more than 70 Fu family created more than 80 similar funds。"Poetry，Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty、Bai Juyi and Du Mu，Wang Anshi and Fan Zhongyan of the Song Dynasty，Li Mengyang and Fang Xiaoyu in the Ming Dynasty，A large number of writers such as Cao Yishi and others in the early Qing Dynasty all wrote "Parrot"。Zhou Shao, Song Dynasty，Wang 煐 in the Qing Dynasty、Liang Qingbiao and Zhang Ye wrote "White Parrot"，Bai Juyi and Liang Qingbiao have written "Red Parrot"，Ming Dynasty Ma Yue wrote "Yellow Parrot Poems"，Zhang Juzheng in the Ming Dynasty wrote "Yellow Parrot" and "Five -color Parrot"，Chen Jian of the Ming Dynasty and Chen Hu in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty wrote "Green Parrot" and so on。

The image of the parrot in the vulgar literature mainly appears in rap words and treasure rolls created by civilians，The name of the creator is not marked。The image of the parrot in the vulgar literature was first seen in the Tang Dynasty word "Hundred Birds -Junchen Instead"，Among them, the parrot is not the protagonist。The image of parrot as the protagonist was first seen in Mingxian Zongzong's end of the end of the end of the scripture.，Unearthed in 1967 in Xuanshi Women's Tomb in Jiading County, Shanghai，Print from Beijing Yongshuntang Bookstore。Treasure Roll，"Parlon Treasure Roll" today was the earliest in the eleven years of Tongzhi (1872) in the Qing Dynasty (1872) Jinling Carving，Now in the Fusian Library of Taiwan。Gu Yuezhai's "Parlier Treasure" is the Qing Dynasty Guangxu Xinyi (1881) Changzhou Le Shantang Publishing Book，The earliest version stored in the mainland。Jiangsu Zhenjiang、Changzhou and other places preserved "Parliabao Roll" circulating from the Qing Dynasty，Qinghai River's area and Ningxia Shizuishan City also store "Parlia Baojuan"。There are many works in Hexi's treasure rolls，"Liangzhou Treasure Roll", "Golden Zhangye Folk Treasure" and "Jiuquan Treasure Roll" are called "Pigeon Treasure Roll"，"Hexi Baojuan Selection" and "Minle Treasure Roll" are called "Parlia Bao Bet365 lotto review Juan"，"Yongchang Treasure Roll" is named "Parlia Pirate Peach"，"Ganzhou Baojuan" is named "Little Ying Dove Hanging Filial Treasure"，"Shan Danbao Volume" is called "Yingpu Stealing Pear Treasure Roll"。These rap words and the protagonist in the treasure roll, whether it is Yingge、Parls or Parls、Pigeon、Ying pigeons are actually parrots。

　From individual feelings to collective consciousness: the meaning of the image of the parrot

The intention of the image of the parrot in the elegant literature is expressing the individual feelings of the writer and literati。Youheng "Parrot Fu" clearly write parrot，In fact, expressing personal life is not time、Inner feelings that Huai Cai does not meet。Hongmai's evaluation in the Song Dynasty as: "Watch the" Parrot Fu "，Among the article，Among the article，Sanzhi。"" The language of the individual feelings of writers literati is generally difficult and obscure，Even with the characteristics of 骈。Take Cao Zhi's "Parrot Fu" as an example，Among them: "Chang Xunxin is afraid of fear，Although it is safe and dangerous。Yong wailing it to report to Germany，庶 庶。"Poetry language that expresses the individual feelings of writers literati is generally subtle and elegant。Du Fu's "Parrot" poems include: "There is no opening day，Air Resources Old Overnight。"Li Mengyang's" Parrot "poem is:" Suspicious and charming，Rotary has lost the soul。"Wang Yan's" White Parrot "poems include:" Non -disciplinary feathers，Rotary has lost the soul。"They all send the author's inner feelings。These resignations and poetry works focus on entanglement words、Borrowing lyric，It has the aesthetic style of implicit borrowing;、Metaphor and Shuangguan, etc.。Cao Yu's "Poetry Fu Lai" view has been highly summarized for its language characteristics。

The emphasis on the image of the parrot image in the vulgar literature is to express the collective consciousness of the civilians，Rarely express the author's inner feelings。Rap -up words and parrots in the treasure roll are all shaped into the image of "filial piety" with an anthropomorphic method，Bet365 app download Contains the collective consciousness that contains filial piety and Chinese traditional filial piety。At the same time，The image of the parrot in the rap and the parrot in the treasure roll contains the collective consciousness of contempt and fame and dare to resist the imperial power。Taking the "Pigeon Treasure Roll" in "Liangzhou Treasure Roll" as an example，Pigeon escapes from the bird cage with his wisdom not only rejected the official position of the "Pigeon Pigeon Prime Minister" by Emperor Renzong in person，Also said: "Which one in the world does not want to be an official，I cultivate the truth in that fairy Guo Mountain。Enjoy Ronghua and enjoy the rich and the noble everyone loves，I don’t want to say that I can hiding Yan Jun later。The crime of the crime of the king in the world cannot be light，Calling Wang Wang Ye carefully thought about clearing。Who does not know if the king king is accompanied by the tiger，Who does not know if the king king is accompanied by the tiger。"These features are that the image of the parrot in all elegant literature is not available。Rap Words and Treasures are in narrative，Fortune rich，The tone is hearty，It has a strong and fresh aesthetic style;、Exaggerated, etc.。Singing words and some words in the treasure rolls with the "quite crude vulgarity" pointed out when Zheng Zhenduo's theory and vulgar literary language characteristics are pointed out。

　From uninterrupted to "mutual literature": text of the image of the parrot

A single text that shaped the image of the parrot image of the elegant literature, except for different words between different versions，Most of the vast majority have been fixed constant，"Mutuality" between different works of works is weakened。Different concepts of "mutual text" inherent in China，The concept of "mutual literature" in contemporary Western literature was first proposed by French symbolist Julia Christva: "The construction of any text is inlaid combination; any text is the absorption and conversion of other texts to other texts。"Tong Qingbing believes:" In fact, this statement is similar to the ancient Chinese use Bet365 lotto review code。"The" Parrot Fu "has a profound impact on ancient elegant literary works，In the Qing Dynasty, Qiu Zhaoyao's analysis of Du Fu's "Parrot" poem pointed out: "Zhu Heling said: This poem seems to include 檃 赋 赋 赋。Smart，then ‘sexual arguing and can speak，Cute by knowing the machine 'also。离，Then ‘the painful mother and child are eternal，Life of Mourning "also ..." It can be seen that the "mutual literature" between the text of the ancient Chinese elegant literature works is mainly in terms of the use of codes。

Shape the "mutual literature" between different texts of the vulgar literary works of parrots is very obvious。According to existing research results，The parrot in the vulgar literature as the "filial son" image was the earliest from the early Buddhist Chinese translation book "The Parrot of the Tibetan Sutra".。The Phoenix in the "New Magazine All -Xiang Ying Brother Xingxiayi Biography" led the birds to help the protagonist's burial of the mother's plot and "Hundred Bird Name -Junchen Equipment" with "mutual literature"。Rap -up words and treasure roll text Based on the theme of the parrot filial piety in the "Parrot Pension"，Single text continues to absorb and transform the other same story text。plus Liangzhou Xianxiao "White Permination Peach", "Pagling Peach Peach" and "Parlia", which evolved from the eight Hexi treasure volumes，Hezhou Xianxiao "Parlia Filial Niang" and "Pigeon Filial Niang"，Xining Xianxiao "White Parlers", "White Parlia Filial Filial Piety" and "White Parls Crying Mother"，The Hui Banquet "White Parlia" in the Qinghai River area，The "mutual literature" between the text of the work is even more obvious。

From opposite to blending: The relationship between elegant and vulgar literature

The image of the parrot can explain the relationship between ancient Chinese elegant literature。On the one hand, they are opposite。Liu Ye believes: "It is painted by drawing things，Text to enjoy，Color and Dogs and Horse，Ecstasy and elegant situation。"Yan Yu emphasized:" Learning poems first divide five vulgarity: a vulgar body，Two of Vulgar，Five Vulgar Rhyme，Four Vulgar Words，Five Vulgar Rhyme。"" Whether it is Liu Ye's "elegant Bet365 lotto review and vulgar situation" or "divide the five customs" summarized by Yan Yu，They all advocate the opposition of elegant literature。In fact，It has been confirmed in the quotation and poetry works。On the other hand, they are blended。Su Shi proposed: "Poetry needs to be done for the sake，When it is new，Taking the vulgar as the elegance。"Mo Lifeng believes:" First of all, the representatives of the Northern Song Dynasty poet Su Shi and Huang Tingjian。"Bai Juyi's" Red Parrot "poems include:" Annan far into the red parrot，Color -like peach blossoms like people。"Zhang Yan's" White Parrot "poem includes:" Newly read the Guanyin Number，Mo Yi clever and scolded。"" These poems are very simple and popular，can confirm the vulgarity of Yaizhong。Rap -up words and the protagonists in the treasure roll have many improvisation poetry works。Taking "New All -Xiang Yingying Brother Xingxiayi Biography" as an example，Yingge was sold to Xianggong first，Mrs. Xianggong's name is Mei Xiang to bring a plate of cherry，Ying Ge even eats a few poems and then chant a poem: "Xia Jingwu early April，Gardens everywhere are like Jinpu。Born in the tree head, Gai Na，Victoring the coral。"" These poems are not only more interesting，Rhyme is also neat，Can confirm the vulgarity。

Of course，Ancient Chinese elegant literature that shapes the image of parrot，We also need to combine specific works to comprehensively judge。As mentioned earlier，Zheng Zhenduo has attributed novels into "vulgar literature"，Later generations also generally believe that novels belong to the scope of "vulgar literature"。But Zheng Zhenduo added to say，"Notes Novels", etc., are not included in the "Novels in the so -called" Vulgar Literature "。Five Dynasties Wang Renyu's "Kaiyuan Tianbao Religion" contains the parrot opening to help the county order to cracked the owner by his wife and his adulterer to kill it、Cases of buried corpse dry wells。The image of the parrot shaped by this paragraph is very typical，But "Kaiyuan Tianbao Restaurant" belongs to "Note Novel"，Can't be attributed to bet365 live casino games vulgar literature。This view of contemporary scholars on Zheng Zhenduo also generally recognizes。

In short，The image of the parrot in ancient Chinese elegant literature is extremely clear and unique，If all of its works are connected in series，They can build a mother question that is extremely distinctive among ancient Chinese elegant literature。Especially the image of the parrot in the vulgar literature，Not only does it with the image of the parrot in Ya literature，It also has the value and function of proclaiming Chinese traditional ethics and morality。

(The author is the Western Project of the National Social Science Fund "Ganqing New Area 'Xianxiao" text collection、Economy of Targeting and Research、Associate Professor of Lanzhou University of Technology)