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January 1950，Chilean poet Neruda's poem "Let the Framers Wake up" in the translation of the translation，This is the first one -line Ben La American literature published by China。According to my author statistics，As of December 2019，Total 1015 kinds of Latin American literature works are far away from the ocean，Arrived in the Chinese world one after another。For more than 70 years，Chinese readers read these works，Imagine Latin America，Go to Latin American reality in the literary world。Books displayed on the "Chinese Bookstore" in a closer look，It is not difficult to find，It is not only translator who wrote this Chinese translation of Latin American literature、Edit or Publishing House，The Big Age of Promoting Translation and Communication is also one of its important author。

As a cross -cultural exchange activity，Latin American literature translated and spread in China，Can't get rid of the history of the cultural history of the People's Republic of China、History of foreign exchanges and the history of China and Latin -Latin relations exist。Consider the above factors，Compared with the relative equilibrium of the time period，We divided the Chinese translation history of Latin American literature since 1949 into the founding of the People's Republic of China to 1978、Reform and opening up to three periods since 1999 and 21st century。

　　Cultural Diplomacy: Compassion of the "Third World"

After the founding of the People's Republic of China，"Hundred flowers bloom、Baijia Consecration "" In ancient times、Objects "promoted the development of cultural undertakings，Created a good condition for the translation of foreign literature。But the Freshman Republic is facing complex domestic and foreign political situations，Literary translation inevitably affected by the social environment at that time。According to statistics，1949-1978，China has published 85 kinds of Latin American literature works，Most of them were published before 1966。Generally speaking，Latin American literature translations in this period show the following two characteristics。

First, literature has become a carrier for Chinese and Latinos' folk diplomacy。Translation of Latin American literature at this time，Not only has the characteristics of the times，It is given some special mission。At that time, it was advocated to actively and safely carry out the China -Latinos' folk diplomacy，Then promote the establishment of official relations。Exchanges in the field of literature became one of the main forms of China -Latinos' civil exchanges at that Bet365 lotto review time，It plays an important role in paving the road。

　　■ Latin America's "Literature Explosion" four main generals。From left to right: Garcia Marquez、Carlos Funters、Hulio Cotasar、Balgas Lueza。Information pictures

The first Latin American writer who visited China was Neruda。September 1951，Neruda went to China from the Soviet Union，awarded Song Qingling "Strengthening International Peace" Stalin International Award。Before 1953，Only 3 kinds of Latin American literature books are published in China，The author is Neruda。It can be said，Neruda was the spokesperson of Latin American literature at that time，But its influence is not limited to the field of literature，Instead, it has the role of China -Latinner AC messenger。So，Neruda is called "the first swallow of the Spring of China -Latinating Friendship Spring" by Premier Zhou Enlai。，A total of more than 50 Latin American writers have entered Chinese readers' vision。Due to the promotion of "making friends with friends" at that time，The works translated and introduced are not limited to several Latin American literature countries，but widely distributed in Latin America and Caribbean regions。Looking at the history of 70 years of Chinese translation of Latin American literature，This period of the country is the most widely distributed，Up to 18 countries。

The 2070s，China has established diplomatic relations with 11 Latin American countries，Trade exchanges and cultural exchanges with these countries also opens a new situation。It is undeniable that it is，Latin American literature translations in the initial stage as an important way to "cultural diplomacy"，It played a positive role for the China -Latinner's folk diplomacy。

Second, the authors who have Chinese translation works during this period are basically left -wing writers。Many of them won the "Strengthening International Peace" Stalin International Award，Such as Chilean poet Neruda、Brazilian writer Yamado、Cuban Poet Ji Lian、Guatemala writer Asturias and Argentine writers Valera, etc.。There are many literature everyone among these writers，and generally understand China，Agree with the ideology of socialist countries such as China。Neruda and Yamado are the Latin American writers with the most Chinese translation works during this period，The episode of the former "Let the Framers Wake up", etc.，The latter's novel "Hungry Road" and "Founded Land" repeatedly reprinted，Welcome to Chinese readers，The total number of works between the two accounts for 16%of the total number of works during this period。Cuba is the Latin American country with the most Chinese translation works，About 19%of the total amount。

At this time, Latin American literature translation works are mostly socialist style，Emperor Ratin America、Anti -colonial、The story of anti -hegemony and reflecting their real life is the main theme，Bet365 lotto review In the words, there is a Latin America with the same "Third World" as China。Such as Neruda's poem "Tribute to China": "Looking at you together，Ah，China! /They said, ‘What a strong brother shows!，/Wide workers on Brazil's land，/and the Shepherd of Battinia，/They all stare at you，The people of the people，They all pay tribute to you! "This poem can also be used to interpret the Latin American society and people that Chinese readers see through Chinese translation works: Latin America is our" strong brother "，Living on that vast land is the same people as us。Chinese readers at the time，I experienced the empathy of "Third World" in Latin American literature translations。

other，my country's Spanish majors and Portuguese majors were founded in 1952 and 1960，So，In the 1950s and 1960s，Most of the Latin American literature works are translated from Russian and English -based translation，It is inevitable that many language and cultural information loss。plus restrictions on the era of where they are，There are some error and missed translation phenomena in the translation。Chinese readers and the original work are like a thick frosted glass，can only draw Latin America based on vague images。Even so，Readers can still be hit by the text that can be wrapped in layers，Feeling the same cold and hot。

　　Hua Cai Chapter: The shock of Latin America's "Literature Explosion"

After reform and opening up，Dial in the domestic cultural field anyway，Emancipating the mind，Rejuvenation，The stagnant Latin American literature translation and publishing also restart。1979-1999，A total of 317 Latin American literature books are published in China。Latin American Literature Chinese Translation Return to Literature at this period，Publication is also gradually standardized，become a chapter of Hua Cai of Cultural Exchange of China and Latin America。

　　■ Garcia Marquez "Centennial Lonely" (illustration commemorative version) information picture

October 1979，China Bet365 app download Western Portuguese Latinie Literature Research Association was established。This is one of the earliest domestic foreign literature research associations，Gathering hundreds of domestic domestic from universities、Scientific research institutions、Press、Western Portuguese literary experts and enthusiasts of government departments, media and other units。With the efforts of experts and scholars based on the members of the Research Association，Translation standards for Latin American literature from previous political considerations quickly shifted to literature。Classicization of the topic selection、The professionalization of translation and the system of publishing has become the main characteristic of the Chinese translation of Chinese literature in Latin America during this period。The most typical example of which is the cooperation between the Western Portuguese Latin America Literature Research Association and the Yunnan People's Publishing House。Experts based on the members of the Research Association selected Essence，With the support of Yunnan People's Publishing House，Nearly 70 books have been introduced one after another，Including Colombian writer Garcia Marquez，Peruvian writer Balgas Lueza，Mexican writer Ruerfu、Funteus、Pas，Chilean writer Dono，Argentine writer Kotasar，Uruguay writer Beneidti、Onetti，and Cuban writer Capengtel and other heavyweight writers' works and related literary theories，Chinese translation for classic writers of Latin American literature laid a solid foundation。

2080s，Realism style is still the main color of the Chinese translation of Latin American literature。But these works are no longer the kind of social realism that unified the world，The connotation is richer，Forms are also more diverse。Chinese readers have exposed to "realism" with different styles in Latin American literary Chinese translations，Both represented by "Deep River" and "The World of Wide Moles"、Show the life style of the Indian group and the indigenous novels that fight against the ruling stories dominated by white people，There are also regional novels that focus on local natural characteristics and cultural traditions such as "Tang Na Barbara"，But the most remarkable is the magic realism represented by Garcia Malx and its "Centennial Solitude"。Latin America's multi -mixed cultural tradition，The strange natural landscape，There are other different historical and social style of Latin American countries，All these，None of the readers lament the magical and magical reality of Latin America。The shock of Borges to Chinese readers cannot be treated lightly。Borges stay away from social reality，Driven from the Exploration of the abstract world such as literature and philosophy，Provided another paradigm for creation。In his short and powerful works，The reader meets the endless interpretation of the maze in endless time and space。，With more translation and publishing of more important writers of Latin America，Latin America "Literature Explosion" began to sweep China。Latin American writer experimental narrative techniques，Public new novel structure，The narrative perspective of the overlapping and reality，Can't help but amazed by Chinese readers: "The original novel can still write this way!"

Since the 1980s，A large influx of foreign literature caused the communication and collision of thought and culture，strongly promoted the change of Chinese literature，Latin American literature is one of the important forces。In the 1980s and 1990s，Among foreign writers who have an important impact on Chinese writers，Garcia Marquez、Borhes and Balgas Losa are the names that are frequently mentioned。1979-1999，The important bet365 best casino games works of the above three writers have been translated to China and repeatedly re -translated，A total of 63 Chinese translation works of the three，About 20%of the total translation of the agglomeration during this period。Mo Yan once mentioned the shock brought to him by "Hundred Years of Lonely"，Tell the feeling of "Faced with Giant Stays and Wanting"。Yan Lianke thinks，"The explosion of Latin American literature in the world，The sound of roar in the Chinese literary world can be described as deafen，Make Chinese writers dazzling "。It can be said，Latin American literature translations during this period are not limited to promoting China's cognition of Latin America，It has had an important impact on Chinese modern and contemporary literature，It has left an indelible mark in the history of Chinese literature。

　　Fang Fangxiang: "Time" dialogue in the multi -era

After experiencing the "one yuan" standard that emphasizes ideology and the classic "one yuan" that highlights the masterpieces of famous masterpieces，Latin American literature translation has entered the third period characterized by "diversification"。2000-2019，Total 613 Latin American literature works published in China。It is worth emphasizing is，Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，Sino -Latin -and Line relations have entered a new era of comprehensive development，Cultural relations have become an important wing of the overall diplomacy of China -Latinosa，Chinese translation of Latin American literature is also unprecedented。2013-2019，Published 360 Latin American literature works，accounting for 35%of the total amount of Chinese literature in Latin American literature in 70 years。

With the exchanges between China -Latinating exchanges and the Chinese and foreign publishing industries, it is getting closely close，Latin American literature translation presents "more complete、Update、Fast "features。First，Classic writers are still the focus of translation，While further completion of their works，Famous masters are new to introduce in time，is gradually approaching the real "Complete Works"，Strive to reflect the whole picture of the classic writers。Since the 21st century，Borhes、Garcia Marquez and Balgas Lueza still have the most translated works，A total of 171 kinds of works，About 28%of the total translation of the interpreter during this period。What needs to be pointed out is，For many years, the domestic publishing industry copyright awareness is not strong，After China officially joined the International Copyright Convention in 1992，The implementation of relevant policies and regulations is gradually standardized。Generally speaking，After entering the 21st century，Latin American literature translation works of Chinese translations can be regulated，Most books are published again after purchasing the copyright，If the "Bet365 app download Centennial Solitude" that was officially authorized was not available until 2011。The regeneration of such famous masterpieces is one of the reasons for the increase in the number of Chinese translation works in Latin American literature since the 21st century。Next，"New Writers" and "New Works" account for a significant increase in the proportion of。A large number of best -selling writers abroad becomes translated hotspots，Such as a Brazilian writer Ke Aili、Chilean writer Poranio、Argentine writer Aira and other works can be introduced quickly。other，Some young and middle -aged writers who are active in the Latin American literary world are also translated，such as "post -70s" Chilean writer Sanbla、Argentine writer Schveberin and the "post -80s" Mexican writer Louisisa。This reflects the booming development of Chinese -Latinating cultural exchanges from one side。Last，The speed of translation and publishing is also significantly improved。Some Latin American literature works that have won or highly watched abroad，Almost soon after the original book is published, Chinese translations，Effectively promoted Chinese readers' understanding of Latin American contemporary literary world。

The influential Latin American writers in recent years are Galiano and Polaronio，There are more than ten kinds of Chinese translation works on each of the two。In the works such as "Latin America's Cut the Latin America" ​​and "The Memory of Fire" and other works，Literature and Politics、Imagination and history、Poetic language and critical spirit meet again，Readers once again felt the magnificent history and reality of Latin America、Social responsibility and hot conscience of intellectuals。Polarinio built in the literary world built with works such as "2666" and "Detective Wilderness"，Make a new generation of Chinese readers intoxicated，Polaonio is also selected as a benchmark character for contemporary Latin American literature。It is undeniable，Translation and dissemination of the 1980s and 1990s，The "time difference" of Chinese and Latin American literature has shortened greatly。The current Latin American literature has been difficult to bring a huge reading shock to Chinese readers as before，China -Latinating literature gradually tends to a calm "common time" dialogue。

"Chinese Book Shelf" on more than a thousand kinds of Latin American literature works，Provided us with a colorful literary picture。But what is the appearance of Latin American literature in the eyes of Chinese readers? With such questions，I initiated a survey on Latin America's literary awareness，A total of 940 valid questionnaires were received，Among them, 88%of the participants were born in 1980 and after。It can be said，The result of the questionnaire represents the cognition of Chinese young readers of Latin American literature。"Lift Latin American Literature，Bet365 app download What do you think of first "In a question"，Garcia Marquez and "Centennial Solitude" topped the list，Nominated 581 times，Followed by Borhes (196 times)、Magic Realism (189 times)、"Literature Explosion" (87 times) and Neruda (85 times); "My Favorite Latin American writer" ranks in the top of the few in turn as Cassia Marquez、Borhes、Neruda、Kotasar、Poranho and Balgas Lueza; "My Favorite Latin American Literature"，Garcia Marquez's "Centennial Solitude" and "Love in the cholera" are among the best，Followed by Bolk's "Garden of Tibetan Turbus"、Neruda's "Twenty Love Poems and a Desperate Song"、"Pedro Baramo" in Ruhrufer and Paranio's "2666"。

The above results show，Garcia Marquez、"Centennial Lonely"、Borhes、Magic Realism、"Literature Explosion" is still the most eye -catching label for Latin American literature，Dancotasar and Polanio and other writers have attracted the general attention and love of Chinese readers，A wider Latin American literature summary is gradually appearing。Borhes once evaluated the importance of books: "Among the various tools used by humans，The most amazing is undoubtedly book。Other tools are extension of the human body ... But books are extensions of memory and imagination。"" In the age of TV movies such as TV movies and the Internet that has not yet been popularized，Latin American literature translation works are an important way we imagine Latin America。Even in the current information age，Books still play an irreplaceable role。Let's continue to use books as a boat，Through reading to approach the distant cultural country in Latin America。