Vocabulary is the key to the motivation and speech understanding of language。In the second language teaching，Vocabulary teaching is the basis of the second language teaching。Cultivate the second language ability，often starts with the simplest vocabulary learning，"Psychological Dictionary" of the second language。"Psychological Dictionary" refers to the psychological storage of people's vocabulary and their meaning and related knowledge。"Psychological Dictionary" not only stores the word itself，Also stored related voice、Semantic、Sentence、Erotic use and other information。In the process of learning Chinese，It will gradually build a Chinese "psychological dictionary"。

　　bet365 Play online games

As early as the 1950s and 1960s，Western academic circles have begun to pay attention to the development of the psychological dictionary of two -language learners，and proposed a series of theoretical models。In the Western Two language teaching research industry，One of the most extensive psychological dictionary theories in influence，is a revised hierarchical model proposed by J. F. Kroll and E. Steward。This model believes，The mother tongue vocabulary and two -character vocabulary of the two -language learner are separate storage。Concept is directly related to mother tongue vocabulary，For two -language beginners，Two -language vocabulary is associated with mother tongue as intermediaries and concepts。The intensity of the connection between the two -character vocabulary of the mother tongue is stronger than the opposite direction，The connection intensity of the concept of mother tongue to concept is stronger than the two -character concept。With the increase in the fluent fluent of the learners，Two words vocabulary gradually Bet365 lotto review get rid of mother tongue，Start establishing direct contact with the concept，The intensity of the connection is gradually enhanced with the improvement of the two -language learner。2000，Jiang Nan studied the development stage of psychological dictionary from the perspective of two -character learning，Put forward a two -character vocabulary development representation model in the classroom teaching environment。According to this model，The vocabulary development of the learner should go through three stages。The first stage is the formal stage。At this stage，Learners must remember the pronunciation of the two -character vocabulary、spelling and other forms of information，Create contact with the corresponding vocabulary with Yiyu。The second stage is the adjustment phase of the word entry (L1 Lemma Mediament Stage)。One -language entry information is copied or attached to the two -character vocabulary information，A special two -character adjustment vocabulary formed，Its form is the second language，But semantics and syntax information are all words。The third stage is the two -character integrated stage (L2 Integration Stage)。The semantics of the learner extracted the two -word vocabulary、Sentence、morphological features，Integrated into the entry，The characteristics and processing of the two -word vocabulary are basically the same as the first language。

The above theoretical model answered questions about vocabulary and conceptual development mode in the second language learner psychological dictionary，Play an important role in the field of psychological dictionary research。

　　Multiple factors affect the construction of two -character psychological dictionary

Study on the psychological dictionary of Chinese two -language learners in China began at the end of the 20th century，Early research content is mostly inspected by learners' vocabulary。After entering the 21st century，Discussion on this issue gradually increases，In bet365 live casino games -depth development in the theme and method。Research Discovery，Unique shape of Chinese、sound、Romance，Make the construction of Chinese two -language psychological dictionary construction is special，Affected by many factors，It mainly includes the following aspects。

First，Learner's mother tongue background。Mother tongue psychological dictionary played the role of bridge during the construction of a two -language psychological dictionary。The contact information of the two -word vocabulary and mother tongue vocabulary is always changing。The contact information of the two -word vocabulary and mother tongue vocabulary is always changing，The structure of the psychological dictionary is not the same。Such as the junior Korean Chinese learner relies on voice channels，Similar words that make Chinese and mother tongue are easier to connect; learners who have a certain Chinese character foundation choose the word -shaped channel and the word channel。Semantic，Learner's mother tongue and common meaning in Chinese, master early，Mother tongue -specific items began to interfere with the development of the two -language psychological dictionary at the intermediate stage，Learners can establish a relatively complete two -character psychological dictionary until the advanced stage，Get rid of the interference of mother tongue。

2，The language level of learners。Whether it is correcting the hierarchical model，Still the Development Drawing Model，The representation of the psychological dictionary of a two -language learner is that it is constantly changing with the development of the language level，In the research literature of the Chinese two -language psychological dictionary，Many studies use language level as an important variable。Learners of different Chinese levels have different psychological dictionary structures，This is caused by the depth of the understanding of the learner。Primary level learner depends on the voice channel processing vocabulary between the psychological dictionary，The organization of synonyms is mostly used as the basic organization unit，bet365 Play online games Use the vocabulary connection model for the processing of the same formal words，Multi -channel models for processing of alien words; high -level learners choose more word -shaped channels and synonym processing vocabulary，Most of the items as basic units to organize processed synonyms，Vocabulary processing completely adopts a multi -channel model。

third，Learners' vocabulary matching knowledge。Xing Hongbing thinks，Vocabulary matching knowledge is syntax information、Semantic relationship、Use frequency information reflected in the psychological dictionary。Two -language vocabulary learning is a process of gradually enriching Chinese vocabulary with two -character learner，This process includes an increase in the number of words with words、Rich types of matching、Division of the matching range of similar words，Based on this, Chinese vocabulary knowledge system。

fourth，Language input pathway。For Chinese learners at most primary stages，The way to enter the word input is the input in the classroom scene，Followed by input。Teaching input is the main means to help students include words，communication input is auxiliary means，The combination of the two can effectively help learners consolidate and expand their psychological dictionary。

　　Chinese two -language vocabulary teaching is beneficial

Research on the psychological dictionary of Chinese two -language although the start is late，But the content is rich，Diverse methods，Has macro research，There are also micro studies; both learners learned research，There are also teachers' teaching research; existing phenomenon description，There are also reasons and theoretical interpretation。These research results have solved many problems of vocabulary and learning，With irreplaceable theoretical significance and teaching value。It is manifested in the following points。

First，Tracking the development process of Chinese two -character vocabulary。Including different mother tongues、Chinese two -language learners of different bet365 Play online games levels of psychological dictionary at different stages，Change of contact information with mother tongue、Change of vocabulary processing depth。How do Chinese learners learn vocabulary，Is the acquisition process the same as the Chinese mother tongue。Solution of these problems，Provides the theoretical basis and method guidance for Chinese vocabulary grading teaching。

2，Clarify the characteristics of Chinese two -character vocabulary。Including the characteristic characteristics of the psychological dictionary in the learner's brain，Single vocabulary、sound、The connection mode of the three systems of righteousness，How does different vocabulary form a vocabulary network，How does the connection strength change，The characteristic dictionary of overseas Chinese and the learner's psychological dictionary in the East Asian cultural circle。The solution of these problems provides theoretical basis and method guidance for the Chinese vocabulary country (words) teaching。

third，Improve the efficiency of Chinese vocabulary vocabulary teaching。According to the characteristics and development rules of the psychological dictionary of Chinese two -language，Teachers can adopt more targeted teaching methods，To improve teaching efficiency。The construction of a psychological dictionary is a complete process of formation of a comprehensive vocabulary proposition network，According to this feature，Teachers when teaching in new words，You can use the related words that have been learned as the original point，Activate the diffusion through the form sound contact，Reorganized vocabulary network，Cultivate students' vocabulary association abilities，The clarity between the characteristics of each unit in the Chinese psychological dictionary and its related connections in the Chinese psychological dictionary。

To sum up，The current Chinese two -language psychological dictionary study revolves around the characteristics of psychological dictionary、Development and other issues conducted preliminary inquiry，Compared with different mother tongues、Different learners of bet365 best casino games learning dictionary at different levels。In the research method，Affected by the West，Use the empirical research methods and corpus methods in large quantities，Analysis of quantitative research method for data analysis。Another，Because the research of psychological dictionary is also a question of cognitive psychology，Some scholars introduce psychological research methods into Chinese two -language vocabulary research，If the start -up paradigm、Stroop paradigm, etc.，These have greatly enriched the means of Chinese psychological dictionary research。but，There are still a lot of problems to be studied。For example，Chinese vocabulary has its own characteristics，Quantitative words、How to establish a psychological dictionary of a unique vocabulary such as dynamic auxiliary words，Also need to explore in -depth。Another example，Existing research objects are concentrated in English mother tongue and Japanese、Chinese mother tongue。With the implementation of the “Belt and Road” initiative，Southeast Asia、The number of Chinese learners in Central Asian countries gradually increases，Study on the underlying psychological dictionary of the native language of these small language needs to be strengthened。

In the process of Chinese international promotion,，Vocabulary Teaching as an important part of language learning，Its importance cannot be underestimated。Study the psychological dictionary of Chinese two -language learners，Can better reveal the characteristics and laws of vocabulary ourselves，Help improve existing teaching methods，Improve teaching efficiency。From the long run,，helps improve the implementation efficiency of the international promotion strategy of Chinese，Should continue to pay attention。

　　(This article is the major project of the National Social Science Foundation "The Development and Teaching Reference Grammar (Multi -volume)" (multi -volume) "(17ZDA307) in the Chinese language of the National Social Science Fund"

(Author Unit: School of International Culture and Education, Nanjing Normal University)