The term "Language Landscape" was proposed by Landry and Borhis in the 1990s，Refers to "Public Road Sign、billboard、Street name、Gecest name、Shop signboards and language on government buildings together constitute this specific area、Language and Landscapes of the Area or Urban Group "。This definition indicates the type and distribution space of the language landscape，but did not point out its substantial connotation。Due to its conceptual connotation and extension development and evolution over time and technological means gradually enrich and expand，Different times、Different disciplines、Scholars with different cultural backgrounds must have certain differences in their understanding and understanding。For example, shohamy has a broad definition for language landscape，Multiple background factors including the specified language played in space。He thinks，Language landscape is a tool for re -conceptualization of public space and language policy in social systems，Except for language elements，also includes images、Graffiti、Sports、Music、Smell、Graffiti、clothing、Food、Architecture、History and people who interact with language and landscapes in different ways。This meaning will expand its extension infinitely，far beyond its essence。

Scientific definition language landscape，It needs to analyze its composition，From the perspective of syntax structure，"Language Landscape" is a constant bet365 best casino games structure，"Landscape" is the core word，The word was originally seen in the Old Testament of the Bible in Hebrew，It is used to describe the magnificent scenery of Solomon City; from a semantic point of view，"Language" is a semantic center，"Landscape" is a metaphor here，Visuality。So，The term "Language Landscape" is inevitable to have both literal meaning and additional meaning，It means "a visual symbol set with specific functions in a certain place in a certain place，It includes public road signs、billboard、Street name、Gecest name、shop signboard、Government building signs、Introduction to tourist attractions, etc. "。The current study of language landscapes is mostly from the perspective of common time，Insufficient research from the perspective of time; combined with time research，Examination of its time evolution is a promising research direction。

　　bet365 Play online games

Language in language landscape has a single language、bilingual or even multi -language。Multi -language phenomenon is an important feature of today's world language landscape。Language landscapes generally have the following types of combination: some official language+some international universal language (such as Chinese+English/French, etc.) or/and++more foreigners in a certain country (such as Sanya, my country, Sanya, China Chinese+English+Russian); a certain official language in a certain country+some official language or some local dialect in a certain area (such as Russian+Kazan region); some official language+a high status in a certain field Language (such as Italian in the field of music) or the language of a large immigrant community (such as the bet365 best casino games Indian language in London), etc.。

Different functions exercised by different combinations above，Roughly divided into information function、symbolic function、cultural function、Aesthetic function、Historical functions、Education function、Social Function、Psychological function、Virtual function, etc.，mainly information functions and symbolic functions。Analyze the above function from the time of common time，It can reveal the deep meaning behind it，Social reality used in refractive language，Determine the status of various languages ​​in a multi -language society，If the right to language、Identification、Social differentiation and related language conflicts、Official language policy、Actual folk language, etc.。For example，Analysis information function，You can understand the language characteristics of a certain area、Social status of language、The diversity of language and the degree of globalization of the region; examine the symbolic function，Get and language status、Information related to the power of the national population and institution; starting from the educational function，Whether the use of surveyed signs language has prompted the audience to learn languages ​​other than the official language; explore social functions related to local and national identity，You can understand the attitude of the social group's identification; analyze the psychological function，The attitude and psychological changes produced by the subject after seeing the elements of language landscape see the elements of language landscape; you can understand the government's ideal language use status, etc. Bet365 app download through virtual functions。

　　Language selection duration Examination: The barometer of the national language policy

Language landscape presents in public space，and public space is a hidden way、Core places to control and enforce language policy。From the perspective of time，Changes in language landscape can reflect the changes in national language policy。The language function changes caused by social political events are divided into six categories (these events are reflected in the changes in language landscapes)。

First，Language elimination is intended to delete some language from public space。Language elimination process helps understand the changes in language function patterns and the right to human language related to it and citizen rights，Examine the consequences of language elimination，If the public's acceptance of the new sign, etc.。

Second，Language increase，Add language to the original label，Use new bilingual and even multi -language signs to completely replace the old mononers or bilingual signs。This can analyze when the new language will appear.，What functions are reflected，Whether to reflect the real situation of language use, etc.。

third，Language replacement，Instead of replacing another language with one language。By language replacement, you can examine the power of a certain language in society、status、Value、Function、Changes in social acceptance，When will this language、How to appear in a specific language landscape，How to use for different contexts，Whether it really serves as a general language or replace another language at least in some context，Who is the beneficiary、Is the social group accepting, etc.。

fourth，Change of language bet365 best casino games status，That is, by changing the position of the slogan code on the sign or making it visually change (color、Font、size、information quantity, etc.) to increase or lower the language status。Change through language status changes can analyze the way of presenting a language，When will、Why changes in the way，What kind of symbolic information do these changes pass。

Fifth，Language Regulations，Select and use through content control language。Pavilianko divides the language specifications of public space into three categories: strongly request the audience to learn and/or speak a certain language; ask the audience to speak a certain language at this moment; promote the correct use of a language。Research on language requirements requires the scope and social acceptance，The following problems are involved: the social language process that causes the language specifies the increase in specific instances; the local context of specific signs; the appearance and duration of the sign;，That is, the response of those with different interests on specific signs and the impact of these signs on language use。

Sixth，illegal signs，That is, the sign of the official standard on the letter and language selection。Its manifestations are: language that is not officially recognized on the signs; the language used in permanent signatures is in line with language policy，Temporary signboards are illegal。Examination of illegal signs can explore certain social participants in a specific period、The specifications and expectations of related language selection in specific context。

　　Multi -disciplinary collaboration: The road of language landscape research must pass

Language and landscape as a means to communicate and interact with the globalization process Bet365 app download of the language community，Reflects the politics of modern society、Economy、Culture and Language Phenomenon。It involves the field of wide，Focus on Discipline Multi -，can be used in shape、Semantic、Interpretation of three dimensions in the sentence。Look from the form of the language，It consists of language and non -language symbols，It is linguistic、symbolics、Language symbolics、Landscape、Geography、Geographical symbols、Design、Aesthetics and other discipline studies;，Each symbol carry a certain meaning，and each characteristic of different national cultures，Is Cultural、Nationalology、Linguistics、symbolics、Anthropology、Cognitive Linguistics、Psychological Linguistics and other studies; from the perspective of the value of the verbal use，That is, look at the complex and rich communication intentions hidden behind it，It is sociology、Social Linguistics、Political Science and other studies objects。

Language Landscape This multi -disciplinary nature determines the complexity and comprehensiveness of the research object，It also determines that its research trend will inevitably shift from a single discipline to multiple disciplines，From the separation of the subject to the discipline integration，From interdisciplinary to super discipline，From common to time to time，Then the duration of dual -track duration of the common time。Comprehensive understanding and overall grasping this object，It helps to solve the many major problems hidden behind this object itself and behind。

　　(This article is the State Social Science Fund project "Belt and Road" Language Landscape Han Russia Translation Modeling Study (16byy188) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Translation Research Center of the University of Foreign Studies from Guangdong、School of Western Language and Culture; Center of Russian Literature and Culture Research of Heilongjiang University)