Regional integration is an important phenomenon in the process of the development of the world's political and economic development。It is not difficult to find the history of post -war international relations，Regional integrated experience from Western World to Non -Western World，From developed countries to developing countries、The development process of continuous radiation and spreading in emerging economies and transformation countries。until today，All regions of the world have the "own" regional integration process and related mechanism carrier。But，Western regional integration theory has long ruled the paradigm selection and topic settings of academic circles for regional integrated problems。Aron Freidberg and even proposed，"The past of Europe is the future of Asia"。and Korean scholar Kang Canxiong (D. Kang), while asking，"Why should we use Europe's past to explore the future of Asia，instead of discussing the future of Asia in Asia? "This，This article attempts to draw on the cocoon，Discussion on the characteristics and applicability of the theoretical spectrum of the European region。

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In terms of the source of words，"Integration" in English is an imported word，"Integrationem" from Latin，It was cited by the French "Intégration" in the early 17th century。In English，"Integration" generally has three explanations: (1) the process of becoming a group or a member of the society; (2) allowing people of all ethnic groups to use the same place、Institutions or organizations; (3) The process of integrating different individuals into a unit or system。In Russian，"Integrated" (интеграция) is interpreted as "connecting each part or individual into an overall development process"bet365 Play online games 。In Chinese，"Integration" means "to form a close connection for individuals who work independently、Overall that cooperates with each other "。Visible，Different individual integration or combination into a overall process or behavior is the core of integration concept。

integration generally refers to regional integration，or regional integration。The research path and core issues of different disciplines on regional integration are also different。Economics mainly reduces transaction costs，Realize the maximum economic income perspective to explore regional integration，If the tariff alliance theory、The theory of the Free Trade Zone、Large market theory、Common market theory、Active division of labor theory、The theory of optimal currency zone, etc.。Regional integration from low to high expression forms are: discount trade arrangements (PTA)、Free Trade Zone (FTA)、Tariff League、Common Market、Currency Alliance、Complete economic integration。Political Science regards regional integration as a political system，Follow the power allocation of all units in the political system、Institutional settings、Organizational operation and its relationship and political influence，such as federalism。In International Relations，The core problem of integration is the cause problem，The reasons and development motivation of the nation -state that focuses on the independent nation -state on the sovereignty，If functional power、Institutional motivation、National State Power, etc.。

　　European regional integrated theoretical spectrum

European integration is an important object of Western research regional integration。European integration theory is one of the most systematic regional integrated theories so far，Almost become a native synonym for the theory of integration in the West。Generally speaking，European integration theory is mainly functionalist、Intergovernmentalism and institutionalism composition。

bet365 Play online games Functionalism belongs to the category of liberal theory。Functionalism is divided into old functionalism represented by D. Mitrany、Has (E. HaaS) is represented by new functionalism and post -functionalism represented by Hooghe and G. Marks，The three are inheritance、Amend the relationship between correction and development。Old functionalism appeared in the 1940s，Emphasizing the technical and non -political of the integration process。The greatest theoretical contribution is to propose the concept of "Ramification"，means that successful cooperation in a certain field will drive cooperation in other fields。New functionalism was born in the 1950s and 1960s。New functionalism is developed from the European integration。Different from old functionalism is，New functionalism emphasizes the integration of political motivation，and propose the concept of "spill-week"。New functionalists think，Spill is an important driving force for integration，It refers to the process of spreading from one department and region to another department and region。Since the 1990s，With the establishment of the EU，European integration gradually becomes the society from the economic field、Politics、Defense and other fields extension。At the same time，New problems also appeared during the operation of the European Union，That is, although the economic welfare generated by European integration is rising，But the public's recognition of integration is declining。In this background，2009 Hawk and Marcos on the basis of revising new functionalism，Social Construction of Socialism absorption、Social identity and other theoretical viewpoints，Final functional theory after proposed。Post -functionalism believes，Social identity has become an important issue that affects the prospects of European integration。Different from the "elite driver" and the new functionalism，Post -functionalists proposed，bet365 live casino games Social Power、Public participation has also become an integrated new drive motivation。

Inter -governmentalism is the representative theory of integrated problem of realism research，Divided into inter -governmental and free government intergovernmentalism。The historical background of traditional intergovernmentalism is the "empty chair crisis" in the European Community in 1965。Discovery of intergons in traditional government，The country is the most important behavior in the process of regional integration。As the founder of intergovernmentalism as traditional government，S. Hoffmann (S. Hoffmann) emphasizes the centrality of the country in the process of integration，National interest is the driving force for integration，Do not agree with the "spill" effect respected by new functionalism。2080s，Select rational selection、Under the stimulus of collective behavior theory and international political economy，At the same time, absorb liberal related views，The integrated theory of realism has achieved breakthroughs，Formed intergovernmentalism for liberal government。Free government intergovernmentalism adheres to the central behavior of the country as an integrated，But the economic benefit variables are added to the analysis integrated problem，It is believed that economic interests should be higher than political interests，and play a decisive role in the process of integration。

Compared with the above two theoretical genres，New institutionalism is the theoretical rookie of research regional integration。Starting from the late 1980s，European integration has entered a deep change period，The European Community has gradually transformed into the EU。The 1990s，The institutional motivation of the integrated area of ​​the research area is the focus of the new institutionalism。In International Relations，New institutionalism is mainly differentiated into rational selection institutionalism and historical institutionalism。The core bet365 best casino games problem of rational selection of institutionalism is: the motivation formed by integration。Specifically，It is the operation of the European Union system，Administrative、Justice、Power distribution between legislation and their policy effects。The position of historic institutionalist position is neutral，Emphasize the historical changes of the system，The concept of "path dependencies" was introduced during analysis of the European integration process，And believes that European integration is a process of development over time，The decision in the process of integration was determined by the historical background at that time。

　　Application of European Integrity Theory

Needless doubt，The relevant theory of European integration is the theory of regional integrated regional integration in the current international relations field，To a certain extent, the theoretical coordinates of integrated practice in other areas。The theory of Western regional integrated theory with the European integration theory provides the following three experiences: first，Each theory is an important aspect of analyzing European integration，instead of all the theory of European integration。European issue expert Song Xinning pointed out，European Integrity "There is no macro integrated theoretical system，but an embedded puzzle，All theoretical schools and doctrines are intertwined together "。Next，Different understanding of the integrated driving force of each theoretical genre party area。Functionalism emphasizes functional motivation，Inter -governmentalist recognition of the country's motivation，New institutionalism attaches importance to institutional motivation。Last，Integrated theory is closely linked with regional integration，Promoting each other。Each theory corresponds to specific problems in integrated practice，and the problem -oriented problem。

So，Can the European integration theory become the universal bet365 best casino games theory of universal characteristics in four seas? Can the European integration model become a template for the remaining regional integration?，These problems are questionable。As H. Bull, the theoretical scientist of the British International Relations: "If the theories we use are from the West and the West as the standard，Can these theories fully understand the non -Western international political system? "

From the perspective of theoretical generations and development，European integration theory is rooted in philosophy in Europe for hundreds of years、Political Thought Tradition，Based，Based on the many theories of Western Social Sciences，Explanation of European integration、A series of theoretical doctrines of the current and future development issues。

In terms of historical foundation，The birth of European integration is the decision of regional "permanent peace" by European countries that are dominated by German countries after World War II.，It is also the result of the support of Western European countries in the context of the US -Soviet power。ASEAN is the core and carrier of the integration of Southeast Asia，The cause of its establishment is to maintain regional security，and maintain a strategic allies with the United States。Eurasian integration is the status of Russia's restoration of the "Eurasian Power"，Realizing the strategic starting point of re -rise。

From the perspective of categories，Regional integrated type has diversity，Integrated method and the demands of geopolitical and economic interests are also different。For example，EU's integrated developed countries represented by the EU，It is "North and North Integration"，its developed countries in Western Europe (Germany、Method) is the core motivation，Pay attention to excavating the potential of integration in the region，Pay attention，It is "South -South Integration"，The characteristics of this type of region are characterized by integrating internal forces，Improve the cooperation environment bet365 Play online games in the region，Then absorb external economic development resources to promote the development of the region; developed countries represented by the North American Free Trade Zone+Emerging Countries，belonging to "North and South Integration"，It is characterized by the United States through Canada、Mexico，Leading economic order in North America。

　(Author Unit: The Institute of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Russia of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)