Although Raymond Aron and Paris Higher Normal University Friends, Jean-Paul Sartre, was regarded by the Western academic community as the "two all-around knowledge in the field of French thought in the 20th century. molecular"，But compared with the long -known existential master Sartre, which is well -known in China，Alon seems to have not caused "sufficient attention" in the domestic academic community。In fact，As a famous French international relations scholar in the 20th century、Sociologists and political critics，Alon's life left a rich academic achievement，It mainly includes "Opium of Intellectuals", "Great Substation", "On Freedom", "The Main Sociology Trends", "Peace and War: The Theory of International Relations", "Defense Europe", "Intervention onlookers: Raymond · "Alon Interview" "Raymond Alon Memoirs: Political Reflection of Fifty Years", etc.。

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Alon as a witness to the world's changing world in the 20th century，The reflection on international politics vividly interpreted the tortuous journey of French intellectuals。Analyze the theoretical source of the "interventional onlooker" thought，It is not difficult to find that it is deeply affected by Marx、Turkan、Montesquan、Tocoke、Weber、Rousseau、Kong De、Hobbes、Claoswitz、Affairs of Alan, Makia bet365 Play online games Veli and others。Methodism mainly comes from Marx's dialectics and Thakk's sociological analysis methods; political theory is rooted in Montesquien's "The Spirit of Law"、Totovir's "On the Democracy of the United States" and Weber's "Protestant Ethics and Capitalism"; the theory of human nature is the inheritance and development of French enlightenment ethical theory and Confucianism theory;、Alan's influence，The thoughts after World War II absorbed the point of view of Clausevitz and Makia Vili。

Alon has strictly distinguished between international politics and domestic politics，and alternate war and peace as the core issue of international politics。In fact，Alon is exploring the changes in the world pattern all my life，Especially the changes in the international situation after the coming of the nuclear era。From Alon's view，The polar pattern and heterogeneous society are the main features of the post -war international system，This also causes international strategy in the nuclear era、The dilemma of international ethics。He thinks，International politics has always been born with morals，Without morality, there is no so -called international politics。So，Negative moral principles in international politics，Ignoring the morality in the national sense，That will be the unfortunateness of the world。

Actually，In the opposition between communityism and worldism，Alon chose the ethical position of worldist international justice and communityism。Worldism believes that people should have overcome their own nation、The national sense of moral obligation，It bet365 best casino games is proposed that the country and the world should be democratized，The relationship between the country and the country is a reflection of war morality to some extent。Communityism believes that community is the basic variable of political analysis，Individual and their self are finally determined by him or his community。Alon is based on the ethical position of socialism，But with worldist value appeal，The reason is that the prudent principles of caution deep in their thoughts。It is also based on this kind of prudential，Alon Establishs International Political Thoughts on the theory of Justice War。Through the moral criticism of non -morality of realism and realistic criticism of idealist moral norms，Alon believes that local war is unavoidable，But the war will not move towards extreme。

　　Main thoughts

In the book "Peace and War: The Theory of International Relations"，Alon analyzes absolute war and real war，On the basis of interpreting the relevant terms of international law，Comprehensively explained the theory of "Shangwu and Peace"。He thinks，The useful consequences of the use of nuclear weapons will cause the leaders of various countries to make a final decision。So，When the development of precision guidance technology and the emergence of huge devastating thermal nuclear weapons，To avoid being at the same time，The possibility of the new World War is reduced。So，Alon thinks，Correct understanding and handling the "tension relationship" between war and morality is the only way out of the shadow of the nuclear war。Based on the above thinking，Alon got "peace bet365 best casino games impossible，Unlikely war "for the basic conclusion。In his opinion，Cold War and nuclear weapons while causing fear，also caused people to think carefully about peaceful meaning。As far as the international situation of contemporary contemporary is concerned，New World War will not break out，Local regional conflicts will not stop。Obviously，Alon's judgment on the international situation is the core essence of the "Shangwu peace" thought of "disagreement"。

From Alon's view，Although the world war may occur after the nuclear era comes，But permanent and continuous peace cannot be achieved。On the contrary，The complexity and uncertainty of international relations，It may even make local wars more frequent。After indicating that "Shangwu Peace" has replaced the international situation where peace and war alternately，Alon with deep insight，further reveals the two major characteristics of international politics during the "Shangwu Peace" period: the failure of implicit violence and the failure of non -interference。In his opinion，International politics does not have direct operability is an inevitable fact。So，Alon pays more attention to the moral or social causes of peace and war。He proposed，Compared with direct hot war，Politics in the period of "Shangwu and Peace" mainly contains an invisible violence。Since violence can only be weakened、Do not eradicate，Eliminate risk factors in violence，Instant persuasion and obstacles to replace the killing weapons，Is the most desirable approach。According to Alon's statement，The hidden development bet365 Play online games of violence will become a normal facts。

Alon thinks，The international situation of "Disadvantages" will last for several centuries，There are four moral elements in the international political field of this period: First, fighting morals，mainly refers to the moral quality contained in Wude; the second is legal morality，This is a weak compulsory、The moral elements that bred the war; the third is responsibility and morality，Value with the consequences of acting，The perpetrator fully rationally estimate the consequences of the behavior and be brave to bear the moral element that affects the post -after -act; the fourth is prudent moral，That is, the best moral element in facts and value at the same time。Alon thinks，Careful morality is the ethical core of international politics in the nuclear era。As long as politicians in the field of international relations, politicians in the field of international relations effectively follow the principle of prudential，World War in the nuclear era can be avoided。

　　Impact on the world

Alon discovered in the traceability and retrospective of regular wars that humans had experienced，Considering different warriors，According to the way of acting on both sides、Combat intentions and possible endings，The division of justice and non -righteousness in the war。From Alon's view，As long as it is based on moral guidelines and legitimate reasons，The country can use force appropriately，But it must be prohibited from killing innocent civilians。

but but，Alon firmly believes that the ethical core of international politics in the nuclear era is still "prudent"，Whether it is through the arms competition，Still through Bet365 app download the agreement between the country，Nothing can reduce the risk of the outbreak of the nuclear war to the minimum limit。Only leaders of various countries act rationally，Adhere to the principle of prudential，It is possible to maintain the world's lasting peace。It is not difficult to find，Alon's "Shangwu Peace" international relations theory has become the basic follow and behavioral standards for Western world to deal with international relations，To a certain extent, the frequent local war and the turbulent regional situation。But he emphasized the justice of responsibility and morality and the principle of prudential defending the war，For breaking the traditional international order，Establishing a fair and reasonable international order and effective treatment of international relations provides important inspiration。

Due to the huge impact in the international political field，British historian Tony Chute highly evaluated the "interventional onlooker"。Jut thinks，Whether in the academic world、The field of ideology or politics，Alon all enjoyed a high reputation。For France，Alon acts as the role of the "Lantern Lantern"，He "Direction to the future when chaotic and confused shrouded in the intellectual world"。For this，Former US Secretary of State Kissinger has also highly praised his own teacher。As a kind critic and an intellectual intellectual，Alon's insights and sharp language can bring him gratitude。So，He thinks，Today's World，If "if people do not refer to Alon’s point of view，Can't study international affairs "。

　　(Author Unit: Marxist College of Nanjing Normal University; Marxist College of Nanhua University)