Since the 21st century，Science and diplomacy has become a manifestation of scholarships in various countries, especially in developed western countries。Scientific diplomacy refers to obtaining scientific knowledge through scientific cooperation between the country、Construct a constructive state relationship、A diplomatic field and a foreign policy tool in response to common challenges。There are two main forms of manifestations in scientific diplomacy，First is scientific as a carrier，Specific performance as the exchange of scientific subjects promoted by the government、Cooperation; Second, politics、Economy、Climate、Environment、Diplomatic processes in the fields of sanitation and other fields are carriers，Science In these fields of diplomatic processes or in one link to play a subjective or critical impact。

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The promotion of globalization provides the background of the times for the rise of science and diplomacy。On the one hand，The in -depth of globalization has brought many new problems to world peace and development、New Challenge，To solve these common challenges requires multinational scientific cooperation，Requires to break the division between science and diplomacy，Let science play a role in diplomatic and international relations。On the other hand，The deepening of globalization also drives the scientific globalization。Enhancement of the scientific community in various countries，Scientific Inquiry Process、Ability and activities are homogeneous; science and technology increasingly penetrate into international relations，Promoting the development of diplomacy in the direction of the increasing integration of politics and science，provides convenience and Bet365 lotto review foundation for "science" for "diplomacy"。

The impact of science in diplomacy in various countries has increased。First, the dual attributes of science and "hard power" and "soft power"，Economy for countries、The impact of military and even comprehensive national strength competition is increasingly expanded，Improving the weight of science in diplomacy in various countries。Second, global challenges have enabled the field of public governance with strong professionalism to enter diplomatic categories，Climate Diplomacy、Sanitary diplomacy、Data Diplomacy and other diplomatic forms are becoming increasingly apparent，Science has produced an increasing role in providing evidence to help understand and select different policies。Third, the New Science and Technology Revolution has promoted the Internet -based network、Digitalization、The development of new technical forms such as intelligentization，Politically expanded the national sovereign boundary、Personal rights connotation，Economic and social forms have accelerated the transformation of traditional industries and social organizations in various countries。How to safeguard the sovereignty and security of various countries，Promote the economy、Stable evolution of industrial development and social form，Guide countries to cooperate with each other，Strengthen supervision，I put forward new requirements for diplomacy。

　　limitations and challenges

But，Scientific diplomacy has emerged worldwide，Its healthy development also faces a number of challenges。

First，Scientific diplomacy is facing objective reality restrictions。First, scientific diplomacy involves cross -department、cross -domain and diverse objects。Science and diplomacy belongs to different fields，Need to interact across the department，Establish a coordination mechanism between politics and science; the globalization of scientific research and cooperation projects and the lag of its governance mechanism，The diversity Bet365 lotto review and priority order of global and regional challenges and regional challenges，Both have improved the threshold of scientific diplomacy。Second, there are differences in the scientific level of various countries。The level of scientific development will affect the development strategic needs and diplomatic goals of various countries，Developed countries with a high level of science focus on geopolitical influence、Political goals such as strategic interests，Developing countries with low science level pay more attention to domestic health、Education、Scientific interests in the public domain of scientific research，It is difficult for countries with different scientific levels to become an equal scientific partner，added the complexity of scientific diplomacy。Third is the consideration of national interests。Scientific diplomacy first pays attention to national interests，Whether it is scientific cooperation，It is still negotiation involving scientific factors in the diplomatic process，guidance of national interests，This is the case even when dealing with common challenges facing all mankind。Fourth, the effect of science and diplomacy is still limited。Brealing relationships and visa regulations related to sovereignty、Data flow、Territory and marine disputes often lead to scientific cooperation flow in form，Limited effect，restricted the interests of various countries for scientific diplomacy。

2，Scientific diplomacy has become a unilateral interest to a certain extent for developed western countries、Geopanography、Policy tools for strategic competition。Western developed countries, especially the United States, rely on their own scientific advantages，The needs of the interests of developing countries and the common interests of all human beings。The United States and Europe can restrict the innovation of developing countries through measures such as bilateral free trade agreements，Require developing countries，It is a lively case of a bet365 live casino games selective use of scientific diplomatic use of scientific diplomacy for unilateral interests。The scientific cooperation project of the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War has been used by the United States to "pass" the dissatisfaction of the Soviet Union's behavior; the U.S. military projects implemented in Southeast Asia and other regions are used to support the forefront deployment of the U.S. military in Southeast Asia，All reflect that the United States regards scientific diplomacy as a tool for geopolitical struggle。Especially in recent years, the United States regards my country as a strategic competitor，Carrying with "science" as a tool。In December 2017, the United States released the National Security Strategy Report，"India" area is in geopolitical competition，Accountability、Stringing the relevant scientific foreign policy of our country constitutes economic challenges to the United States、Value Challenge、Security challenge，to promote "decoupling" to China Technology，Restricted Chinese science、Industrial development; also implement the so -called "clean network plan"，Maintaining its own scientific monopoly position。

　　Create a scientific diplomacy with Chinese characteristics

Science and diplomacy undoubtedly its rationality and positive significance。Scientific research is becoming more precise，The development of the relationship between the country and the maintenance of the peace environment are becoming more and more complicated，Traditional diplomatic means are difficult to solve global problems facing human beings。Science due to its professionalism and neutrality，Participating in diplomacy can help better cope with these challenges，But you should adhere to several principles to overcome your limitations and the problems of "scientific diplomacy" dominated by Western leaders。First，Adhere to the equality of sovereignty in various countries，On the premise of sharing scientific cooperation,。Developing countries as an equal partner of scientific Bet365 app download cooperation，Help developing countries to improve scientific capabilities and levels，Create a good international environment for the further development of scientific diplomacy。Second，Adhere to the scientific principles。Scientific diplomacy through scientific language，Promote inter -country communication in a way that is easy to understand in various countries，It is conducive to improving mutual trust，Common challenges。third，Persist in returning with common interests。In an international community with a national state，Foreign Maintenance sovereignty、The pursuit of national interests is the meaning of it，Seeking the balance point of interests accepted by countries through science，is the direction of scientific diplomatic development。

For a long time，my country's scientific diplomacy is mainly focused on "introduction"，Focus on introducing advanced science and technology from abroad。Current，The level of scientific development in my country has improved huge，But there is still a lot of room for improvement。In recent years，Facing developed western countries, especially the United States, against globalization、"Scientific Diplomacy" characterized by strengthening the awareness of geographical competition，my country still exists in some key scientific fields in the field of key science.，The United States even damaged my country's international image。For this，my country Except for domestic investment in scientific investment、Optimized scientific mechanism、Cultivate scientific talents，Then build scientific ability、Improve the fundamental response of scientific level，It is also necessary、Scientific diplomatic strategy that adapts to the new situation、direction、Key points。First, strategically highlight the status of scientific diplomacy in overall diplomacy in my country。Scientific diplomacy is not limited to the field of science，Scientific diplomacy in reality is more reflected in other bet365 live casino games fields or in a certain diplomatic action and process。Improve the status of scientific diplomacy in overall diplomacy，Formulate a scientific diplomatic strategy that meets its own scientific level and the needs of the international community's reality，In politics、Economy、Military and other fields to give full play to the scientific advantage among diplomacy，It is conducive to science、Reasonably maintain and expand national interests，and improve the moral advantage in this process。Second, to speed up my country's scientific diplomacy "going out"。With the improvement of my country's scientific level，"Going out" with scientific aid as the main content should also gradually become an important part of my country's scientific diplomatic strategy。Strengthening and developing countries through "going global"、Scientific cooperation with scientific subjects in international organizations and countries in various countries，Build your own scientific and foreign network; actively participate、Shape the international agenda，Create a new type of national relationship，Eashing Western developed countries imposed in my country's geopolitical pressure，At the same time, "Introduction"、Promote domestic scientific innovation and create a better international environment。Third, it focuses on providing public products to the international community in scientific diplomacy，Help the development of scientific capabilities in developing countries。Sudden emergencies of new crown pneumonia and its global spreading description，Countries in public spaces、The challenges faced in the field of public governance are increasingly prominent，Scientific methods need to be needed、Professional knowledge response solution，In particular, the bottlenecks of scientific capabilities facing in the fields of public health and other areas are more prominent，Urgently needed scientific foreign assistance。

Overall，At this stage, my country should be guided by the concept of human destiny community bet365 Play online games as a guide，The main platform with the surrounding and "Belt and Road"，Public space、Governance of the public domain as the content，Carry out scientific diplomacy with providing scientific public products; help the construction of public governance capabilities in developing countries，Society to deal with related challenges。

　　(This article is the "Research on the South China Sea Fisheries Disputes" (18bgj031) in the general project of the National Social Science Foundation)

(Author Unit: South China Sea Regional Culture Research Center of Hainan Normal University)