An important change in the century -old development process of international relations，"Global Steering" in theoretical research in the early 21st century，That is to build a real global meaning rather than only international relations in the Western sense。There are two main schools that promote international relations theory globally: one is the "critical school" represented by Arlene Tickner; second, the second is Amitav Acharya ) "Compatible School" represented by Barry Buzan。The common point of the two schools is to promote the theory of international relations beyond Western context，Global observation of real sense。

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Research from Tikina and his colleagues is "Critical School"，It is because they learn from Marxism and post -colonial theory，describes the basic status of today's international relations knowledge production as a center -edge structure。The center occupies the dominant position，and the edge is the belonging，Is "being governed、Sweeping、It is changed in the process of change "。The mainstream theory of international relations is self -proclaimed as a universal meaning，Actually it is just the appearance of local knowledge。The practice and status quo of international relations，It does not have global and global significance。

The reason why international relations discipline appears current inequality，Not in the early start of the research of Western international relations，Development history chief，Therefore, in the theoretical building, we are in a leading position。The real problem of the discipline of international relations is，Western International Relations "deliberately suppress different views and perspectives"，The purpose is to maintain its own theoretical discourse hegemony，Continue to maintain a monopoly position in knowledge production。The bet365 live casino games essence of the theory of mainstream international relations in the West，Persist in prejudice that can only produce universal theory and conduct universal thinking only in the West，regard non -Western experience as a special phase，This undoubtedly shows the typical Foucault sense knowledge -power relationship。

Not only that，The deep -rooted center -the edge structure makes the relationship between inequality power solidified as the subject -object of the object。The object identity of international relations scholars on the edge zone makes them an outsider of the system of knowledge production and theoretical development system，Therefore, the ability to deprive the theoretical construction and innovative thinking。They can consume knowledge，But you cannot produce knowledge; you can use theory，But the theory cannot be created。International relations scholars in non -Western countries can only provide raw materials，Only use Western international relations theory for empirical and interpretation。So，The chain of knowledge production is established，The center is used as an advantageous subject to use its ability to use，The edge as a negative object can only be passively followed and produced by passive consumer centers。

The main body -the boundary of the object is clear and concrete by the exclusiveness of rationalist epistemology and empiricalist methodology。Defining clear theoretical boundary，Make the thoughts and views of the edge zone permanently outside the theoretical territory，Therefore, the discourse monopoly position and subject identity of the theory of mainstream international relations in the West。Rules of International Relations Discipline、Standard System、The boundary delineation is made by the mainstream international constitution，Therefore, I also have the theory of determining what is "science"、What is not the power of "science" theory。

Critical School thinks，The theory of international relations must get true global and global significance，The fundamental path can Bet365 lotto review only be a revolutionary subversion center -the knowledge power structure on the edge，Unewal status in the field of knowledge production。In particular, it is important to discover non -Western international relations theory and thought，Encourage these theories and ideas to develop and grow，The international relations community of the edge zone becomes the producer and the constructor of the theoretical knowledge of international relations。Brief words，Non -Western International Relations and Scholars are also knowledgeable instead of objects。For this consideration，Critical scholars trying to discover the international relations and theories of different regional culture in the world，To deconstruct the pyramid structure of international relations，Diversity effect of obtaining international relations knowledge。

　　Compatible School: Construction Center -The intersection platform of edge knowledge production

Compatible schools are almost at the same time as the critical school，It mainly refers to the academic efforts of promoting global international relations with scholars represented by Achaa and Buzan。Similar to "Critical School"，Compatible school also believes that the discourse hegemony of the mainstream theory of Western international relations today is unreasonable，The way to change is to encourage non -Western knowledge production。But the difference from a critical school is，Compatible school believes that global international relations need to include and the theory beyond the West and non -West，Together to form a true global knowledge production practice。

Achaa and Buzan launched a research project of "Why no non -Western international relations theory" in 2005，Through the research and thinking of the development of international relations disciplines，Combined with the rise of the non -Western world today and the popularity of globalization，It is impossible to recognize that the theory of Western international relations is unified。On the one hand，Western international relations theory cannot fully reflect the reality of the world today，Expressing obvious insufficient explanation; bet365 best casino games on the other hand，The huge development potential of non -Western international relations theory is also constantly emerging。According to the needs of the practice and international relations theory of today's international community，International relations must have global significance。

The goal of compatible school is to establish a true sense of global international relations (GIR)。Achaa proposed six basic principles of global international relations，The core concept is diversified perceptual。The generality advocated by the discipline of international relations now is actually universalism。In the words of Robert Cosks，"It is true for all time and space，This is actually a point of view that treats all different facts as homogeneous facts "。"It is true for all time and space，And produced a negative effect of suppressing diversity thoughts。Promote diversified universalism，regarding international relations as a knowledge building supported by multiple basic support，Whether it is Western or non -Western intellectual and practice，All are an important part of a diverse foundation。

Diverse universal characteristics Requires the root cause of international relations in the history of the world，instead of just Western history or the history of Western international relations since the establishment of the Westparia system。World history is presented in the form of plural，History of the West and Non -West、Thought、Practice，For the development of international relations disciplines，It has important native meaning。The development history and status quo of the international relations academic community，The development history and status quo of the international relations academic community，that is, the non -Western region is simply regarded as a field or laboratory that verifies the theory of Western international relations，This is obviously not an international relationship with global significance。So，Global International Relations Initiative encourages non -Western scholars to be based on their own history and practice，Refine concept、Development Theory。For this，International relations scholars need to thoroughly excavate the practice of history bet365 best casino games and different civilizations in different regions of the world，Use this to produce original knowledge，Challenge the inherent theoretical paradigm。

Of course，A compatible school an important point is，Global International Relations is not to replace or overthrow the existing mainstream theory of Western international relations，Instead, it is necessary to incorporate it into the category of global international relations。That is to say，Western international relations theory is an integral part of global international relations rather than exclusive objects。At the same time，Compatible school also requires the theory of mainstream international relations theory to reintegrate its theory assumption，Expansion theory and ideological vision。For example，Realism should pay more attention to culture、Concepts and other factors to avoid conflicts in the country or civilization、To cooperate; liberalism must examine different regions、Cooperation methods and integrated roads in different scenarios; constructivism requires more considering the active role of different actors in the establishment and dissemination concepts and specifications。

The core content of compatible schools is to promote the diversification of international relations theory，Especially through non -Western scholars for their own history、Traditional thought、In -depth excavation of practical experience，Put forward a new concept、theory and method。The purpose is to change the current discourse hegemony of Western international relations，Make international relations really a discipline with global significance。In the era of globalization，The reality of international relations cannot be fully explained by the theory of Western international relations。Of course，Global International Relations Initiative starts from the principle of compatibility，When treating the theory of mainstream international relations in the West，To recognize its knowledge contribution and incorporate it into the knowledge system of global international relations。

　　Enlightenment of the "Global Turn" theory of international relations

Critical school strives to subvert Western international relations theoretical discourse with revolutionary consciousness，Compatible school attempts to reconstruct international relations with the attitude，Although the two attitudes the bet365 Play online games theory of the mainstream international relations in the West，But all believe that knowledge production in the field of non -Western international relations is an important path to change the status quo。Because of this，Two schools started at the beginning of the 21st century，Unexpectedly promoting the "global steering" of international relations theory。

The global shift of the theory of international relations has profound knowledge significance and practical connotation。One，The root of global turning is that international relations need to have global significance。Thoughts of different civilizations in the world、History of different nations、Practice in different regions，All can become the source of knowledge production。Only fully developed and utilized，Only global theory of international relations will appear。Its two，Knowledge production contained in global steering needs to develop non -Western intellectual resources，Build an original theoretical paradigm。Western International Relations has more than 100 years of development history。Now，Whether the global steering can succeed，More depends on whether the non -Western international relations can produce original theory。Its three，The ultimate goal of global steering is，Knowledge of Western and non -Western production ultimately surpass the West -Non -Western binary bargain，Basis of becoming a common knowledge of human beings。

Critical School and Compatible School's efforts to promote international relations theory to give us an important revelation to，For knowledge production and reproduction，The key is to realize the existence and common in the diverse world。These different worlds are both material worlds，It is also the meaning of the meaning of meaning; both parallel to each other，Also intersect each other。People’s life practice and knowledge practice are infinite，The potential for people to create social significance is unlimited，So，Perhaps the production of knowledge is also infinite。

　　(The author is a professor of Shandong University Chair Professor and Professor of Diplomacy)