December 1985，I went to the Literature and Social Science Class of the College of Social Sciences, Paris for study，Instructor Jacques Lenat is a literary sociologist，The textbook he selected was the "Sociology Critic Guide" of Pierre v. Zima, which was just published that year。The main thing I am studying in China is sociological criticism，That is, the theory of decision on the geographical environment of Montesquien、Mrs. Star's "The relationship between thesis and social system"，until the Marxist criticism from Lucap to Galotti，Therefore, it is believed that commenting on literary works cannot be separated from the social environment，Sociology criticism is always regarded as "orthodox"。

At the beginning of the 20th century, it originated from the psychoanalysis criticism of Freud Psychology，Pay attention to the author's childhood experience and personality development，It does not involve the language structure，Ignore the social environment，Excessive emphasis on people's subconscious and sexual desire instinct; structuralism criticism focuses on language and symbols，strive to become a mode of explaining the world，Its various genres are new and new、Different opinions，full of obscure bet365 Play online games and unspeakable terms，but did not exceed the scope of the text。Both of these criticisms are not as clear and easy to understand as the sociological criticism。but，There is also a defect in sociological criticism: although all of its schools are reasonable，Nothing involves the semantics of the text of the work、Sentence and narrative structure，This is also in the early 1960s in the argument with the new criticism，Facing the imposing structuralist school, the reason why it looks uncomfortable。

From the perspective of literary criticism，The ideal thing is to criticize sociology、Psychoanalytic criticism and structuralism criticism、merged into one，Form a more comprehensive literary criticism。Comparison of comparison，It seems that only sociological criticism is when studying the relationship between works and society，The focus of the focus to the language structure of the work，Only the most likely combining these three types of criticism。Qima’s "Sociology Criticism Guide" can be described as the time，It clarifies the basic concepts in the field of literary and sociological criticism from shallow to、Method and mode，Explained the social functions of vocabulary and syntax，and the development process from psychoanalysis to text sociology，enable readers to understand its ins and out。There is a large number of references in the book after the book，It is also a very bet365 Play online games precious reference material，So during the reading process, I was determined to translate this rare textbook into Chinese。

At that time，Qima has published "Literature's Text Sociology" (1978)、"Text Sociology: Review Introduction" (1980)、"The duality of the novel: Prove、Kafka、Muzil "(1980) and" Novel's Unlikely: Sat、Moravia、Camus "(1982) and other important works，and being translated into English、Chinese and other 9 languages，is a well -known literary critic and sociologist，But Chinese readers almost know nothing about him。He was born in Prague in 1946，It is Austrian and Dutch citizen，I studied sociology and political science at the University of Edinburgh，Doctoral degree in aesthetics and literature on aesthetics and literature。Starting in 1972，He has successively at Bilefield University, Germany、Professor of Literature Sociology and Literature Theory of Professor Grandenen University at the Netherlands，In 1983, he served as a professor of comparative literature at the Aderei University of Clagfu, Austria，Two retirement until 2012。

Qima's research direction is literature and aesthetic theory、Sociology and Social Philosophy。He uses Bach gold's literary theory、Gremar's structural symbolism has developed a kind of text sociology，That is to introduce symbolism into sociological criticism，To clarify all literature Bet365 lotto review and non -literary (religious、Science and ideology, etc.) Text。He pays special attention to the relationship between language and society，Analysis of various texts from the language environment of society，Differential group language and social dialects。For example, to understand Prince's novel "Recalling the Year of the Water"，It is necessary to vomit according to the upper society at that time; to understand the drama of Oscar Wang Erde and Hugo von Hoffmanista，It is necessary to connect with the social dialect of the idle class at the time，This is actually a combination of sociological criticism and structuralist criticism。

In the "Sociology Critical Guide" and other works，Qima set off from the social language environment，Detailed comment on some texts。For example, Camus’s "Outsiders"，The protagonist Melosor will get married、It doesn't matter when you die，It looks like a person who is incompatible with society。Qima pointed out that "Outsiders" involves Christian humanitarian social dialects，The words of the Attorney General are from good/evil、innocent/guilty、Love/Hate and other two -point method，is a narrative of good and evil binary theory，Words such as good and evil have lost the meaning in this social dialect，Their so -called value is exactly determined by the official culture。The court judged Melosor as a sinner in the name of official culture，Camus Bet365 app download is actually criticizing the suppression of Christian humanitarian discourse，Is being a person's nature and human life defense。

As a new novel writer, writing pure and objective novels，It aims to give up the meaning of ideology，and think that this is a progress。Qima thinks，Although this is a critical behavior，But it is actually just confirmation of everything existing。For example, the novel "Pekinger"，Write a salesperson Martias to the small island of his hometown to sell watches，Murdering a shepherd woman，If you leave nothing after nothing,。I can't see who is crime in the novel，Even the lover of the shepherd girl saw Martias' crime and was indifferent，The people around you have no response。Novels exclude all value judgments，But Qima believes that the novelist is unconscious or unwilling to reproduce certain existing social relationships: the woman in the novel always looks passive、Tame、weakness and adolescation of men's will，It is even simplified into an object of a sexual desire，So who the heroine was killed, it seemed unrelated。Qima thinks the similarity of these two novels，It all shows that a decision theory is both economical and sexual desire (therefore non -society)，In this case，Personal (moral、Politics or Emotion) is eliminated。

After returning to China in 1987, I translated the Sociology Critical Guide into Chinese，But it was not until 1993 Bet365 app download that it was published by Guangxi Normal University Press。To promote this theory in China，Specially changed the Chinese translation name to "Introduction to Sociology Criticism"。Only 1,000 volumes were printed at the time，But the earliest introduction of text sociological criticism theory in China，Therefore, supply after publishing should not be short，With Qima’s text sociological theory, it is widely accepted by the domestic academic community，Resertorants are logical to the chapter。

Qima wrote a preface to the upcoming Chinese translation，Concisely summarized the purpose of the book: that is, incorporate symbolics into the background of sociological criticism，Developed into a novel text sociology criticism。All social problems can be manifested as language (semantics、Speaking and narrative) Question，So text sociology pays attention to analyzing the relationship between literature and society in terms of language。It is in this sense，Qima put forward this definition when analyzing the "formalization of literary language": "In a unique social and language environment，A system of social linguistics stipulates everything that should be said and writes。"His inspection is undoubtedly important for the development and enlightenment of literary criticism。

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