At a time when the world’s major changes unseen in a century are accelerating,The United States is also experiencing unprecedented changes。Political decline and economic recession coexist with each other,Populism and racism are rampant,Party polarization and social divisions intensify。Foreign policy begins at home,Affected by the increasingly intensified domestic conflicts,U.S. diplomacy has shown a clear “domestic political turn” in recent years。The Biden administration’s “middle-class diplomacy” is a critical inheritance of Trump’s “America First” policy,It has become a consensus among policymakers in Washington that diplomacy must serve domestic affairs。Therefore,Accurately grasp the pulse of U.S. diplomacy in the face of great changes,We must continue to expand the bet365 promo codes field on the current basis、Innovation bet365 promo codes Perspective、Improving bet365 promo codes methods,In-depth understanding of the profound changes in the internal affairs of the United States,Effectively promote the in-depth development of our country’s bet365 promo codes on American domestic politics。
Expand bet365 promo codes fields
As a well-deserved “excellent scholar” in the field of domestic regional and country studies,American studies is usually used in domestic academic circles to refer to all studies related to the United States,The bet365 promo codes topic should cover all aspects of the United States。However,In actual bet365 promo codes,The focus of domestic American studies tends to be in the fields of American diplomacy and Sino-US relations,The focus and hot spot of the bet365 promo codes is the adjustment of the US policy towards China、The evolution of Sino-US strategic relations and China-related issues in US diplomacy。Based on the unique and significant influence of the United States on China,Pay full attention to the United States’ trends toward China、Track the latest developments in relations between the two countries in a timely manner,It is an inevitable requirement for studying the United States,It is also the meaning of the title of American Studies。However,When domestic politics increasingly dominates the agenda of foreign policy debates in Washington,We need to pay more attention to the political development of the United States,Starting from the many internal factors that affect U.S. foreign relations,By expanding the breadth and depth of our understanding of American domestic politics,Enhance our understanding of America。
In fact,Taking the unexpected election of former US President Trump in 2016 as an opportunity,Domestic scholars have begun to reflect on the new issues and challenges that American studies need to face under the new situation,Pay more attention to the development and changes of American domestic politics,To the economy、Society、Culture、Ethnicity and other “low political” issues have also been intensified in bet365 promo codes。Reunderstand and interpret the "new America" in the midst of great changes from the domestic political changes in the United States,It is necessary to continuously expand the boundaries of bet365 promo codes、Discover and answer new questions,It is also necessary to continue to "deeply explore" old issues with long-lasting bet365 promo codes value in American politics。
In terms of expanding the topic area,Not only does identity politics need to be strengthened、“Culture War”、Voter suppression and redistricting、New changes in American domestic politics such as "political sectarianism" and digital democracy、bet365 promo codes on new phenomena,There is also a need to "recover" those that are of great significance in American politics、Issues that domestic academic circles have not paid enough attention to,Such as the influence of interest groups and economic elites on public policy、Anti-racism and gender politics shape elections、The trend of social conservatism and violent political and cultural conflicts in the United States、The role of the people and public opinion in policy formulation、The evolution of state-federal relations since the epidemic、The international transmission effects of the decline of domestic democracy in the United States, etc.。
Interpretation of the United States in Great Change,It is necessary to look from the outside to the inside、More professionalization of the basic concepts and classic issues of American domestic politics from the shallower to the deeper、Refined bet365 promo codes。Take the president as an example,Domestic academic circles have not paid enough attention to previous U.S. presidents and their governments,bet365 promo codes on various doctrines named after the president is endless。It is important to emphasize the key role of the president as the highest decision-maker and to track and judge his policies,From the perspective of presidentialism, it is equally important to understand how the institution restricts and affects the president as an individual,After all, the president is a position embedded in the system,Individual initiative is always limited by the possibility of the system。Therefore,While promoting domestic presidential bet365 promo codes,Need to pay more attention to the continued impact of institutionalized presidency on the domestic and foreign affairs of the United States,Truly "See the forest again for the trees"。Another area that requires in-depth study is behavior in American domestic politics,Including voters’ voting behavior、The behavior of political parties to mobilize voters and organize elections、Politicians’ fundraising behavior、Legislative behavior of members of Congress、Judicial conduct of the Supreme Court、Communication behavior of mass media、Popular protests and demonstrations and the nationalization of American political behavior and other cutting-edge issues。
Innovation bet365 promo codes Perspective
Innovation in bet365 promo codes perspectives is undoubtedly a lasting driving force for the development of social sciences。Introducing new perspectives helps expand the breadth and depth of existing American studies,Conducive to abandoning the mindset and path dependence in bet365 promo codes,And then break through and surpass the existing bet365 promo codes paradigm,Describe and explain the complex new changes in American domestic politics from a more diverse perspective,Reveal more comprehensively the reasons and trends behind the changes。
Innovating the perspective of studying American domestic politics first requires more comparisons。Study the changes in American domestic politics from a comparative perspective,Not only can it enrich the dimensions of bet365 promo codes and improve the sophistication of bet365 promo codes,It is also useful to explore the laws of American political development、Construct a more explanatory theoretical framework。What similar domestic challenges have different presidents faced,What are the similarities and differences in their responses;Democracy、What are the similarities and differences between the two Republican parties in organizing elections and nominating candidates,Who is more effective;How have the composition and preferences of supporters of the two parties changed compared with the past;How has the electoral landscape of the United States evolved from a historical perspective,What are its roots;What changes are America’s inland rural areas experiencing compared with coastal cities in the era of globalization;American people today,Especially the new generation of immigrants with more diverse ethnic identities, how their understanding of core American values such as "America", "Americans" and "American interests" has changed compared with the past,In-depth exploration of the above issues from a comparative perspective,It can deepen our knowledge and understanding of the great domestic changes in the United States。
Paying attention to various interactive relationships in American politics is also an important way to innovate bet365 promo codes perspectives。In the American political system with checks and balances on power,Cooperation and compromise among political actors、Interactive relationships such as competition and veto are undoubtedly the norm。Existing bet365 promo codes focuses on the president、Single actors such as members of Congress have achieved rich results,The complex and frequent interactions between different actors can be carefully examined in the future,To gain a more thorough understanding of the systems and behaviors in American politics。Some interactions worthy of further study include: interactions between the President and Congress,Especially the interaction patterns and characteristics between the government and the government under the divided government;Interaction between the President and the Executive Branch (Bureaucracy),Especially comparing the interaction preferences of different types of presidents;How to interact between the two parties and their respective voters,Especially how political parties respond to the demands of their voters;Interaction between the president as the leader of the political parties and their respective parties,And interaction with news media;Interaction between the central government and state governments under the framework of federalism, etc.。
As some scholars have pointed out,In-depth study of American domestic politics in the "post-Trump era" requires a change of perspective,Revise the single "top-down" perspective in the past to a "bottom-up" perspective。While not forgetting to pay attention to the developments in the White House and Capitol Hill,More bet365 promo codes focuses on states and localities in the United States,Turn your gaze from the prosperity of the East and West Coast to the desolation of the Rust Belt,In nameless American towns and ordinary Americans,From their real experiences and changes they felt,Re-understanding the United States in the era of great changes。
Improve bet365 promo codes methods
Promoting the in-depth development of regional and country studies, led by American studies, is inseparable from scientific bet365 promo codes methods,This is the consensus among domestic academic circles。Abandon the “preconceived” bet365 promo codes ideas、Establish a truth-seeking and pragmatic scientific bet365 promo codes attitude,Not only can effectively avoid low levels、Reproducibility study,It can also provide strong support for producing more theoretical and explanatory bet365 promo codes results on American domestic politics。Using scientific methods to study the United States,Meaning that the bet365 promo codes process must conform to the universal norms of science,The conclusions drawn are supported by relevant data,And can withstand empirical testing。
The scientific method of studying American domestic politics should avoid the debate of "good and bad",Promote both qualitative and quantitative bet365 promo codes to complement each other,Also pays attention to the mutual support of text interpretation and field investigation,Interdisciplinary bet365 promo codes methods should also be encouraged,What to know about ethnic conflicts、Real issues in American politics such as the culture war are inherently interdisciplinary。Anyway,bet365 promo codes on American domestic politics should not be satisfied with the traditional “description-elaboration” bet365 promo codes paradigm,It should not be reduced to “in-depth news reporting”,There is no need to pursue "immediate results" for some issues worth studying,To truly touch the core of American domestic politics。
(This article is a phased result of the Sichuan International Studies University school-level scientific bet365 promo codes project "bet365 promo codes on New Issues in the Development of Contemporary American Politics" (sisu202049)
(Author’s unit: School of International Relations, Sichuan International bet365 promo codes University)
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