Tian Zhongji (1907-2002)，Weifang from Weifang, Shandong。The founders and pioneers of modern literature discipline and modern literature research，Famous literary historian、Literary Theorist、Miscellaneous writers and educators。Once the associate professor of the School of Rural Construction of China。After 1949，Professor of Shandong Normal University (now Shandong Normal University)、Vice President。Main social part -time jobs include the first to 4th vice chairman of the Chinese Modern Literature Research Association、President of the Chinese Liberation Zone Literature Research Association、The 4th Vice Chairman of the Fourth Federation of Shandong Province、Vice Chairman of the Writers Association of Shandong Province、Chairman of the China Modern Literature Research Association of Shandong Province。Around the 1930s，Founded "Wild Light", "Virgin Land", "Youth Culture" and other literary newspapers。40s，again in Xi'an、Chongqing and other places found the "Report" half -monthly、"Microwave" Literature Monthly，co -founded the Oriental Book Society with others and served as the director of the editorial department，Edit Published "Oriental Literature Series" 10 volumes。He wrote "History of Chinese Anti -Japanese War Literature and Art" in my country's first modern literature research history，and published "New Literary Tutorial", "Arts and Cultivation of Miscellaneous Arts", "Composition Express", "Creation and Appreciation of Novels", "Literature Review Collection" and other textbooks and theoretical criticisms。1954，He became the first graduate instructor。From 1955，Recruiting graduate students in modern Chinese literature。1979，Planning to establish the China Modern Literature Research Association，After being selected as the deputy editor of the "Chinese Modern Literature Research Series" in the conference。Cooperative editor -in -chief of "History of Modern Chinese Literature", "History of Modern Chinese Novels", "Chinese New Literature and Art Department (1937-1949) · Prose and Essay Collection，Edit "Wang Tongzhao Collection" 6 volumes，Published "Tian Zhongji Preface Collection", etc.。

1907，Tian Zhongji was born in a declined family in Weixian County, Shandong (now Weifang City)。After graduating from elementary school in 1922，Mandarin Middle School founded by the church of the county。4 years later，Enter Jinan Commercial Specialty School。From the May 30th Movement to the eve of the Northern Expedition，He is influenced by progressive students，"Read some social science books，For example, Luxembourg's "Social Evolution Theory"、Cai Hesen's "Sociology Outline"、"Economics Outline" in Heshang Zhao、Guo Moruo translated "Political Economics"，There are also "Dialectics of Nature" and "Socialism from Empty to Science" ("Socialism from the Development of Science"，Bookstore from Shanghai to a bookstore that specializes in Marxist books in Shanghai made seven or eight books "。

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Around 1928，A "five -three tragedy" caused by the Japanese invaded Jinan，Tian Zhongji returned to Weifang's hometown for several months，Several students who felt depressed with the original Wenhua Middle School who returned home from various places organized the "Five Three Reading Clubs"，Book a new literature magazine per person，Such as "Creation Month", "Silk", "Thought", "Sun Monthly", etc.，Read the mail order and read the emerging literary books at that time。His interest began to turn to social science and literature。

1929，Tian Zhongji transfer to Shanghai，admitted to the Department of Political Economics and Economics of the Chinese Academy of Public Sciences。Shanghai at that time had become the birthplace of the left -wing literary movement of China，Jiang Guangci's novels and Qian Xingcun's left -wing literary criticism are popular，The advocacy and argument about "revolutionary literature" also influenced among Bet365 app download young students。He has been in contact with young students such as revolutionary writers from Jinan to Shanghai.，I met the fellow students (Zhang Helian) and several young students of Hangzhou Arts in Hangzhou Arts，Participated in their activities，Member of the "Mutual Aid Club" of the Underground Party。From this，He will also be considered a considerable part of the energy to invest in literary journals、Edit and Publication of Books。1931 to 1932，Introduction to Li Zhuru Jingtong Township，He returns to Jinan Zhengyi Middle School Teaching Chinese Teaching，Then transfer to Muping County Middle School, which is closer to Weixian, Shandong、Professor of Yingxian Middle School。During this period，He came into contact with progressive revolutionaries in his fellow villagers，such as Gao Xiang Jiu、He Siyuan、Wang Zhuoqing、Lu Yuting, etc.，and do two weekly magazines in the spare time，One is Social Science，Attachment at the Daily of the Republic of Jinan; the other is the Literature Weekly of "Virgin Land"，Attachment in Qingdao "Min Pao"。At the same time，He also founded "Wild Light" Literature Weekly in Qingdao。other，He also organizes youth culture agency with friends，Founded "Youth Culture" monthly in Jinan，After changing to half a monthly，Promoting the National Salvation，Promote democracy。Due to the Kuomintang's persecution，It is difficult to maintain locally，Migration in Shanghai in 1935，After a few issues, it was finally seized，It is forced to stop publication at the same time as other briefs with more than 20 other simplified publications。

1937 The Japanese Invasion of China Breaking the Explosion，Tian Zhongji cannot teach at ease，Urgent want to join the fire of the anti -Japanese war。So，He should be invited by high elephant nine，Leaving Shandong to Xi'an，And friends rushed to the youth training class of Anwubao, northern Shaanxi，Visit Monthly。After returning to Xi'an，Founded the "Report" half -monthly，Mainly publishing literary communication、Report, etc.，Most of them are interviewed by Anwubao，Only two issues。1944，He and Chen Jizheng、Yao Xuezhang Organization "Microwave" in Chongqing，Co -organized "Microwave" Literature Monthly，Mao Dun、Ye Yiqun、Zang Kejia、Zang Yunyuan and other writers write a manuscript to the journal。During this period，Tian Zhongji also co -organized a modern publishing house with friends in Chongqing，Editor published a total of 10 volumes in the "Oriental Literature and Art Series"，Among them, Guo Moruo's "Today's Emperor Collection"、Zang Ke's "Flowers of Ancient Trees"、Liu Baiyu "Sewing Machine"、Sha Ting "The Story of the Town", etc.。

Tian Zhongji's miscellaneous creation practice，It was carried out in the same period as his journal editorial activity。In the early 1930s，Left Wing Literature and Art Movement is prosperous，Tian Zhongji read Marxist literary theory books，and affected by Lu Xun，Consciously inheriting Lu Xun's combat tradition，I chose a essay writing。In a long time，There are nearly a hundred articles scattered in newspapers and magazines at the time。These miscellaneous texts are simple、Immediately、Standard、Humor creative style and rigor、Exploration、Qinglang、lyric academic character，Through the keen observation of reality、Deep criticism of society and conscious reflection on historical culture，stereo land、Multi -sides outlines the social appearance of the National Tong District during the Anti -Japanese War。He has a well -known and kind -hearted mind，It also has strong and clear love and hate; both Bogu Tongjin knowledge，There is also deep and keen criticism。He consciously adhered to the tradition created by the "Lu Xunfeng" miscellaneous text at the beginning，Criticize the disadvantages of actual real time、Deep cultural connotation、Language style is cold and radiation out of color。The creation of the essay won the reputation for Tian Zhongji in the literary world in the 1940s，He has published a collection of "Love Virtual Collection", "Sending Micro Collection" and "Night" in Chongqing，Among them, "Love Virtual bet365 Play online games Collection" has been prefaced by Guo Moruo。Tang Tao with Shanghai、Xu Yongyong of Yan'an、Guilin's Nie Gang Crossbow and Song Yunbin and other groups of Lu Xun's miscellaneous writers，Shared the name in the history of modern literature。Mr. Luo Zhufeng highly commented on his miscellaneous text: "The essay of Tian Lao's Anti -Japanese War，It may be said that it is a mirror of many society in the country of the Guo Tong District，A scroll，A history of poems，It will occupy a status in the history of contemporary essays，Leave a glorious chapter。”

　　The new type of literature and art that advocates popularization

In the late 1930s and early 1940s，It is an important period after the outbreak of the Anti -Japanese War，It is also Tian Zhongji being wrapped by the times、Life experience and literary pursuit of the most change。From 1938 to 1943，His successively moved to Xuzhou、Zhengzhou、Wuhan、Chengdu and other places。During this period，He encountered the primary and secondary school teacher service group in the west，Because there are many fellow teachers and acquaintances of students and students，He is the director of the editor group with the group，Editor's "Jianguo Education"。Introduction to Gao Xiangjiu，Enter Shandong Feng Yuxiang Political Economic Research Office as researchers。After going to Chongqing's Chinese Rural Construction College to teach more than a year，The propaganda work aimed at civilian education。At this time，He has also participated in many activities of the Chinese Literary and Art Association of the National Arts and Arts in Lao She's Host，Wang Yeqiu in the literature and art world、Zang Yunyuan、Zang Kejia、Yao Xueyi、Chen Baichen、Tian Tao and other writers are very dense in the past。The Anti -Japanese War is the era of combining literature and art，It is also the time when literature and art return to the people。At this time，Based on ideal pursuit、Career choice and hobbies，Teacher Tian Zhongji、Writers and scholars are in one。Except for the creation of essays，His teachings consciously tried and wrote a large number of research books in literary criticism and literary reviews，Published the theoretical textbooks such as "New Literature and Art Tutorial", "Composition Express Speech", "Short Story Method", "Arts and Cultivation of Miscellaneous Arts", "Creation and Appreciation of Novels" and other theoretical textbooks。These texts have the function of popularizing literary knowledge，More unique interpretation and construction of literary theory。

First，Actively explore the form and way of popular literary and artisticization，Promote the new type of anti -Japanese war on the people。Anti -Japanese War，Tian Zhongji recognizedly realized，Literary creation reflects real social changes、Daily life、The actual aspect of the war has an important role。So，He is committed to exploring how literature and art can be accepted by the general public。This is also a question that needs to be thoughtfully thought in the development of new literature since May 4th。Tian Zhongji, who entered literature during the process of joining the social activity，As early as the early 1930s，Published an article on "Popular language movement"，Agree at the time Qu Qiubai、Chen Wangdao、Literature advocated by writers and other writers is easy to interesting、Language form that readers are easy to accept，Echo the popular language movement in the left -wing literary group。Since the War of Resistance Against Japan，Copy of literature and art becomes a more urgent question。Philosophy，Ai Siqi's "Popular Philosophy" made a successful attempt。1940，The book "New Literature and Art Tutorial" published by Tian Zhongji，is "Book of the first literary theory and knowledge，Open a new path for the popularization of academic thoughts "(Li Helin's preface)。Popular expression of Tian Zhongji Literature and Art Theory，Try to question and answer in this tutorial、The way of the story，How to return literature and art to the public。He actively promotes the newly generated live news、Street Poems、Recite Poems、Report Sketch、Small emerging literary forms such as close -up bet365 live casino games communication。These literary forms play the role of literary light cavalry in the National Anti -Japanese War，Most of their authors are literary youths working on the front line or behind the enemy。It is through this popular literary form，Literature and Art have the most close fusion with the public。He also made a detailed and independent test and analysis of the literary style of "Lecture Literature and Fiction" in the book at the time，and introduce the successful transformation of the old literary forms of Yangge and Yang opera opera in Shaanxi -Gansu -Ningxin.。This book has made pioneering exploration of the popularization of literary theory and literary knowledge，A positive impact in the academic world。

2，Tian Zhongji wrote the first draft in 1944、"History of Chinese Anti -Japanese War Literature and Art" published by Shanghai Hyundai Press in 1947，It is the history of the pioneering of modern Chinese anti -Japanese war literature，It also established his position as a historian。This monograph is as the author said，"Heart People" collected historical materials for wartime，For the first time, it outlines just happened、Keep the outline of the original anti -Japanese art and art。Tian Zhongji as a pro -calendar of history，Not only reflects a conscious preservation consciousness to prevent the loss of literary and artistic data of the Anti -Japanese War，And earlier reflected the historical consciousness of historical documents from the perspective and method of Marxism。He insists on revolutionary literary position，Requires literature and art describing the life of the people，Emphasize the popularization and Sinicization of popularization in form;，Requirements for shaping heroes in the new era，Fully affirmed the future of "new literature and art" since the War of Resistance Against Japan;，Determine literature and art for the Anti -Japanese War、The direction of serving the people; the conceptualization of against the laws of literature and art、Formulating，Pointing the role of literature and art in the Anti -Japanese War，Writers should follow the typical nature、Time、Principles of authenticity。This makes this brief history except for the valuable value of the first -hand anti -Japanese art history materials，It also made clear sorting on the new state of the road and the new status of the Anti -Japanese War and the new status of the Anti -Japanese War and arts literature.，At the same time, it provides new experience in the research of future anti -war literature and writing of literary history。"The History of Chinese Anti -Japanese War" has many aspects to fill the academic significance of blank，Later was known by the "Chinese Literature Dictionary" and the researcher of academic history as "this is the first history of modern literature with dialectical materialism and historical materialism，attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad "。

　　Persevere in the academic principles of seeking truth from facts

Since the late 1940s and early 1950s，Tian Zhongji from Chongqing to Shanghai，Back to Shandong，Teach in Shanghai Music College、Shanghai Branch of the National College of Music、Department of Literature, School of Literature, Qilu University、Shandong Normal University (now Shandong Normal University) and other colleges，Professor of the Department of Chinese and Chinese。At the same time，As the chief of the instructor and vice president、The 4th Vice Chairman of the Fourth Federation of Shandong Province、Vice Chairman of the Writers Association of Shandong Province。After reform and opening up，He and Li Helin、Professor Wang Yao、Mr. Fan Jun、Professor Yan Jiayan and others actively prepared the establishment of the Chinese Modern Literature Research Association in Beijing，1980 from the establishment of the Chinese Modern Literature Research Association，Four consecutive vice presidents。In 1983，In 1985, he served as president of the Chinese Liberation Zone Literature Research Association。During this period，Like many modern Chinese intellectuals，Tian Zhongji has undergone the construction of the new socialist New China、Reform of major social history such as reform and opening up in the new period of reform and opening up。He insists on the job of higher education，Dedicated to the historical bet365 Play online games appearance of Chinese literature in the 20th century to restore and teach and educate。How does the real environment change，He adheres to the academic position of Marxist literary research with a consistent place。

First，Tian Zhongji touches and understands history with the feeling of the person experience，Pay attention to the researcher’s rational reflection and experience history。He insists on mastering the first -hand historical material，Use it as the basis and basic path of the study of the history of modern Chinese literature。Just say a big aspect，In college majors and discipline construction，He is one of the earliest scholars who attach importance to the collection and finishing work of Chinese modern literature history。In the late 1950s and early 1960s，He edited and published a set of "Chinese Modern Writers Research Information Series" at the Chinese Department of Shandong Normal University。In the mid -to -late 1970s，He got the news of the late famous collected bookmaker Qu Guangxi's family members planned to sell collections，Stress under pressure，I acquired a group of precious books and newspapers for the Library of Shandong Normal University。In 1979, he participated in the textbook review meeting of the "History of Modern Literature of Chinese Modern Literature" (in total) compiled by the Modern Literature and Teaching and Research Office of Beijing Third College，and the matters of the establishment of the Chinese Modern Literature Research Association at the meeting。In the same year，He first proposed the proposal to compile the first large -scale Chinese literature journal gadgets in cooperation between Peking University and Shandong Normal University，Since then, there will be the "Chinese Modern Literature Publishing Catalog" published by Tianjin People's Publishing House，etc.。Speaking in a small aspect，He emphasized that modern literature research must "On the history of history"，There is a point of saying a point，Can't people Yun Yiyun。1963，He published "A Society for Development of close -up reports in the Culture History and Shi"，In the overthrow overthrowing modern literature research, the style of close -up reporting is the saying that the style of the body rises from the 1930s。He consulted journal documents such as "Weekly Review", "Labor Sound", "Symb" and "Flood" in the 1920s and the early creation of Qu Qiubai，It is confirmed that the close -up report as a new young literature has a period of breeding period, that is, the May 4th period，The earliest node of the origin of modern reporting literature and the literary history judgment of the literary origin of modern reports。

Second，Tian Zhongji emphasizes that modern literature research possesses reliable historical materials、Discovering the expansion and consolidation of new historical materials is particularly important for the expansion and consolidation of its field。He also face the complexity of history，Pay attention to clarify the academic problems of long -term confusion of modern literature history。If you understand the characteristics of Lu Xun's essay、A typical cognition of Ah Q image; Mao Dun advocates the evaluation of proletarian revolutionary literature; Wang Tongzhao、Call for literary history of Shen Ying and other writers，All have their own independent sound，Its research results are often mentioned and referenced by the academic community later。As a historian，Tian Zhongji respects the authenticity and objectivity of history，Do not avoid taboos、Celebrity。1978，He and Professor Sun Changxi edited "History of Modern Chinese Literature"，It is clearly determined to "emancipate the mind，Seeking truth from facts，Restore History of History "as the guiding ideology of compiling literary history。They think，Can't write literary history as a writer history or work theory，To fully understand modern Chinese current affairs politics、Specialty of the impact of complex interpersonal relationships，No exaggeration to historical phenomena and writers、No reduction、Not concealed、Not judgment，Talk with historical documents，It is reasonable and reasonable to analyze。He noticed a more common situation，bet365 live casino games After 1949，Modern writers more or less almost or less modified their past works。"It should be said that the writer has the right to modify his work，But after modification, no instructions，It is difficult to reflect the original ideological appearance of the writer in a specific historical period。"His modification after the release of the poem" Song of the Gangster "in 1919 in 1919，pointed out that "the world of modern literature has the same saying" Gangs' Song "proves that the author has enthusiastically praised the instructor of the proletarian revolution in the May 4th period，Natural，The writer of this literary history cannot be resigned as a rough responsibility "。This also indirectly indicates that academic research and literary history writing must be based on the initial edition、The first -hand historical material of the original work，It is possible to get close to the original appearance of history，It is possible to evaluate the writer's work relatively objectively。This "History of Modern Chinese Literature" is one of the earliest colleges and science and education books published after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee，It is still praised by colleagues at home and abroad，This book took the lead in practicing the excellent tradition of literary history writing and academic research to restore the party's truth -seeking。

　　Scholars who are in trouble with the times

Tian Zhongji has gone through 95 years in his life，It is a bumpy、Elderly who is full of turbulence and cold world，It is a person who always maintains a clear personality、Writers and scholars with an independent spirit，and educators engaged in teachers for life。but，The reason why his achievement is even more lies in a lofty life ideal and struggling for a lifetime，Always adhere to the correct political direction，Thought progress，Unremitting revolution。He is an outstanding party member of the Communist Party of China、Revolutionary Culture Warrior。From the youth，Tian Zhongji will be engaged in the patriotic revolutionary activities。initial，He loves literature，Consciously read revolutionary literary books，Following progress、relatives and friends，It has always been an active participant of the party's peripheral cultural organization。A outstanding soldier Tian Yunzheng, a good warrior in our party battle on the hidden front, is Tian Zhongji's brother，Joined the Communist Party of China in 1931。He traveled from the old family very early，The funding and influence with Brother Tian Zhongji have a close relationship。Tian Yunzheng recalled in the autobiography: "The relationship between our brothers is better，Frequent communication。During the youth，Literature he loves to see，I also read some，Also attracts my hobbies ... Looking back now，The Enlightenment process of my revolutionary thought，Literary and artistic works reading and progressing are greatly beneficial，He introduced a lot of good books for me。My earliest progressive thought was from him。"" Subsequently，In the years of suffering in old China，Tian Zhongji moves to Shandong、Shanghai、Chongqing、Guilin all parts，Writer with the Communist Party、Cultural people cooperation。In the 1940s, in the white horror days of the National Tongcheng District，Disregarding personal safety，Protecting the hunted comrades at home。Many years later，The poet Zang Kejia uses "Zhongji，Have you remembered? "Title，Remembering Tian Zhongji "bravely bears the risk of life and death"。After the founding of New China，Tian Zhongji consciously devoted himself to the party's cultural and artistic cause、Education、Work of the United Front，Actively strive to contribute all your own forces for the great cause of socialist construction。He does not forget his original heart，Perseverance pursuing truth，yearning for revolution。1979，72 -year -old Tian Zhongji approved by the Party Committee of the Shandong Normal University of the Communist Party of China，Become a member of the Communist Party of China，Finally realized the wish of becoming a member of the proletarian pioneer team。

Tian Zhongji involved in the literary world bet365 live casino games earlier，About the 1920s, articles are seen in newspapers，I did not put my pen until old age。In a long writing career，His works are mainly concentrated in the essay、Prose、Essay、Literary Theory、Literary criticism、Literature history and other creations and literary research areas，Total more than 3 million words。From these works，Readers can see Chinese history of more than 70 years，Seeing hard fighting in the mud、The footprints of our nation that are difficult to move forward; you can also touch the heart path of a modern Chinese intellectuals that advance with the times in the lines，I really feel a scholar style with independent personality and distinctive personality。Especially as a miscellaneous Wenjia Tian Zhongji, he has a lot of enthusiasm for writing and writing，Naming from the first few essays，can be seen。The first essay collection is named "emotional"，No authors' self -humility of the creation of early miscellaneous texts。After the "Fawei" set，The main purpose of creative creation is very clear，Pay attention to revealing some people and things that others do not pay much attention or disdain。"Night Phase" set also tried to reflect the full picture of the capital with a half -claw，"The scenery of the eve of the victory，Leave him a faint shadow "。Tian Zhongji chose the essay，I chose to face life，Close to the times。Some commentators take the title "The Road to Look at the Modern Chinese Essays in my country"，To explain the relationship between his essays and a literary style of the times，and its deep ideological meaning。Tian Zhongji chose the essay，I chose to respect people，Choose a big love、Conscience and sincerity，More scholars agree that his essays can best reflect the characteristics of "real people and true essays", "truthfulness and pragmatism", "character and literature" as the characteristics of each other。Professor Qian Liqun once carefully read the essays of Tian Zhongji's miscellaneous article "Tell the Truth" and "Lies" with Lu Xun's "I To Delact". The sinister sober cognition of the world "，and "even show their deep understanding of the contradictions of human nature, including the weakness of human nature,"。Of course, "requires courage"，Especially reflects "the most important thing about a writer，The most basic quality "。until the old age of life，Tian Zhongji is expressing and writing enthusiastically，Reflected the wind of his mind，Hug life，The feelings and personality of sincerity。When he wrote a preface for his own text collection, he described himself: "Although I am a little person，But the disaster of the Big Age，The main reflection is on the number of small people，That last，I saw from my mind，The bitter bitterness of the world I feel，Maybe the same true，Even more practical，That last，These essays have its unique meaning。"This is the most authentic revolutionary voice and road of life in ordinary and ordinary modern Chinese intellectuals。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of Arts of Nanjing Normal University、Director of the Chinese Modern Literature Research Association、Vice President of the Chinese Modern Literature Society of Jiangsu Province)