Liu Danian (1915-1999)，Hunan Huarong Ren，Famous Marxist historian、History theorist，Member of the Ministry of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences、Foreign academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences，Representative of the Third National People's Congress，Fourth、5、6、Member of the Standing Committee of the 7th National People's Congress。

1936 肄 肄。August 1938 became the fifth student of the University of Anti -Japanese Military and Political University、The Fifth Column Warrior of the Eighth Route Army，Join the Communist Party of China in the same year。In 1939, after graduating from the Anti -University, he served as the Chief of the Propaganda Section of the Hebei Administration、Education Section Chief, etc.，Participated in the "Hebei South Anti -Stubborn War", "Hundred Regiments War" and anti -"April Nine Iron Walls"。After the victory of the Anti -Japanese War，Working at North University and North China University，Deputy Director of the History Research Office of the two universities。After the founding of the New China，and part -time in the Propaganda Department of the Political Affairs Council (State Council) and the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China，Participated in the 1950s and 1960s, the CPC Central Committee's senior management and development of philosophy and social sciences many major activities。In the second half of 1957, the work of the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the second half of 1957。After the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，He has served as the director of the Institute of Modern History and Honorary Director，It is responsible for restoring the Chinese History Society、Preparation of the Sun Yat -sen Studies Society and founding the China Anti -Japanese War History Society。Participate or lead the Chinese delegation to visit，Promoting Chinese academic movement to the world。

Written "The History of the United States", "Questions of Chinese Modern History", "Records of the History of Red Gate", "Selection of Liu Danian History Paper", "Anti -Japanese War Age", "Received Classics of the Classics", "The Anti -Japanese War and Research I have personally experienced" "Liu Dian Nian Ji"，Combining "Overview of Taiwan"，Editor -in -chief "Chinese Manuscript" 4th volume、"Modern History of China" Volume 1-3、"China Revival Hub -Eight Years of the Anti -Japanese War", etc.，Multi -discussed translated into multinational characters published abroad。2019，Hubei People's Publishing House published 16 volumes of "Liu Dian Nian"。

Liu Dian is an outstanding Marxist historian，It is also the foundation of the New China philosophy and social sciences、One of the important participants and leaders of development and prosperity。November 1949，Establishment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Exercise the political administrative functions of managing the national scientific research cause，and guided by the Cultural Education Committee of the Administration Council。Liu Danian worked at the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Management of social sciences for many years。

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July 1951，More than 20 party members in the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Only one party branch。Liu Danian served as a member of the Party Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Deputy Secretary of the Party Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Member of the Party Committee of the Cultural Education Committee of the Government Affairs Council。From the situation of the country at that time，Most intellectuals are received from the Kuomintang system，The proportion of intellectuals of party members is very low。After graduating from the Anti -Japanese Military and Political University, Liu Diannian，He has been engaged in guerrilla warfare and publicity and education in the anti -Japanese base for a long time。Liberation war period，He is at North University again、North China University engaged in education administrative management and academic research。So，He assumed many part -time jobs at the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Known as "review" and "walking"。

Liu Danian participated in the ideological transformation movement of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the early days of the founding of New China。According to Liu Danian Diary，From November 18, 1951，He began to participate in various meetings related to ideological transformation Bet365 app download movements。December 12，The Chinese Academy of Sciences officially established the study committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences with the president Guo Moruo as the director，Liu Danian as a member of the Learning Committee、Deputy Director of the Office。February 1952，The Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Science and Health Department, which is responsible for contacting the Chinese Academy of Sciences，And set up ideological transformation and learning party group at the Chinese Academy of Sciences，The secretary is Zhao Yan, the Secretary of Science and Health，Liu Diannian is deputy secretary。The Office of Ideological Reconstruction under the Party Group，Liu Diannian is responsible for the work of the office。early September 1952，The ideological transformation movement of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is all over。Because of the good implementation of "harmony and drizzle、Conscious Revolution，Pay attention to protecting scientists，The ideological transformation movement of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is generally successful。

Liu Danian participated in the construction and creation of some important publications of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。After criticizing the publication of the Academy of Sciences in two consecutive places in the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee and the People's Daily，The Party Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences decided to transfer the work focus to the compilation bureau responsible for publishing publications and books。March 5, 1952，The 25th Dean Meeting Resolution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Tune Liu Danian served as the second deputy director of the Compilation Bureau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。May 24，It also decided to merge the "Science Report" with the National Federation of Natural Science，Guo Moruo instructed the "Scientific Report" to publish a social science article，Editorial Committee added Liu Diannian as deputy director。Subsequent，How Liu Danian and Zhao Yan just do the "Scientific Report"、Draw a publishing plan，and the organization of the organization of the compilation bureau to communicate。Liu Danian successively served as the editorial board of the first editorial committee of the Scientific Report after the merger、Director of the editorial room of the newly established "Scientific Report"、"Science Report" deputy chairman of the editorial committee of the second editorial committee。During the office of the Compilation Bureau，Liu Danian and Dean Guo Moruo many times、Deputy Dean Zhu Kezhen and others communicated，Discussion and rectification of "Scientific Report"、Compilation Bureau's work policy、Cultivation of translation and editors。September 21, 1953，Liu Danian attended the first meeting of the China History Research Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China，Since then, I have started preparing for the "History Research".。February 1954，Deputy Editor -in -chief of History Research。

Liu Danian participated in the preparation of the Ministry of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。April 1, 1954，Decisions of the 12th Academy Executive Meeting of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Liu Danian was appointed and academic secretary of the Ministry of Social Sciences。From this，He is responsible for organizing research on the national social science team and academic research.，Study Department's preparations for the construction of all aspects，Report to write the basic situation of national social sciences，Participate in various meetings of the Department of Preparation，Responsible for drafting or modifying the report of Guo Moruo's relevant department of the preparation。April 7，The 16th Academy of Sciences The Standing Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences decided to establish the preparatory committee of the Organization Department，Thirteen members of Liu Diannian and others。May 31，Liu Danian was officially elected as a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。June 1st to 10th，The establishment of the Department of Studies by the Chinese Academy of Sciences。Liu Danian is responsible for drafting the philosophical and social sciences in the report of the establishment of the Ministry of Establishment.。This part includes the situation of my country's social science research work in the past 5 years、The current work and future work of the Department of Social Sciences of the Institute of Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。

Liu Danian participated in the formulation of the 12 -year development plan of Chinese science。After the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Liu Danian served as academic secretary of the Ministry of Philosophy and Social Sciences，Responsible for the daily affairs of the Ministry of Philosophy and Social Sciences，Including the official document、Drafting work report、Preparation and participation in the academic conference of modern Chinese specifications、Bet365 lotto review Organize the work plan of the Ministry of Philosophy and Social Sciences，Also participated in the Standing Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and joint meetings of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，attended the executive meeting of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。December 1955，Liu Danian participated in the Standing Committee of the Ministry of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Discussion on the development of philosophy and social science development long -term plan。The meeting proposed to establish the "missing"，Philosophy and social science research should solve the practical problems raised in national life。January 14th to 20th, 1956，Liu Danian attended the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the intellectual issue。During the meeting，Editor Liu Danian written 10,000 words Guo Moruo's social science report at the intellectual problem meeting。January 31, 1956，Liu Danian participated in the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the State Council、Relevant departments of the State Council、Leaders and scientific and technological personnel of colleges and universities participating in the development of scientific development vision plan，It will be announced at the meeting to establish a ten -person scientific planning team with Fan Yangtze River as the leader。Liu Danian attended the meeting of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China，The meeting decided to set up a unified planning work in the office，He is nominated as the office director。February 2，Participate in the Chinese Academy of Sciences。The meeting decided to establish the Office of the Ministry of Philosophy and Social Sciences，The office is responsible for the various research institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences、Contact of academic groups，The Science Department of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is responsible for contacting the government departments。24th，The Central Political Bureau meeting approves the establishment of the State Council Science Planning Committee。Since then，Liu Danian served as the director of the Office of the Philosophy and Social Science Planning Office of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Organize the development plan of the 12 -year development of philosophy and social sciences。February to October，Invite representative scholars in various disciplines across the country to discuss planning in Beijing。Except for organizational discussions，Liu Danian also regularly gives Guo Moruo, Dean of the Chinese Academy of Sciences、Zhou Yang, deputy minister of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, reports planning work。Social science plan was limited to philosophy at first、History、Linguistics、Economics、Law、Literature and other disciplines，Deepen with the discussion，The range is getting larger and larger，Extension to drama、Music、Dance and other art categories。Liu Dian participated in the revision of the draft draft draft draft draft draft of the Twelve Years of Philosophy and Social Sciences，According to its diary，In late September、Language、Education、Library、Archives、Museum and Foreign Language and other parts。October 29，The first philosophical and social science development plan "Draft Philosophy and Social Science Planning (1956-1967)" in our history of Chinese history was sent to Zhou Enlai and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China。Planning work in the twelve years promotes the development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences The Institute of Philosophy and Social Sciences，The Chinese Academy of Sciences quickly established several new institutes。until 1966，The Ministry of Philosophy and Social Sciences has 14 research institutions。

August 1957，Establishment of the party group of some party groups of philosophy and social sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Liu Danian served as a member of the party group。May 1977，The establishment of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences on the basis of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Liu Danian also served as a member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences。

July 25, 1995，The then dean of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Ru Xin said in his speech "Congratulations to Comrade Liu Diannian's 80th birthday": "Comrades from the big year through long -term hard work，Promoting the prosperity of our social science。”

　　Witness and practice the "Hundred Family Contention" policy

July 1986，Liu Danian published the 4th issue of the "" Hundred Fighting "Policy on the Policy of the Policy" in "Literature and Research"，Reminiscence of the relevant speeches of Chen Boda at the first meeting of the Chinese History Research Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1953，Explanation of the "Hundred Family Consecration" policies are Mao Zedong raised for historical issues。August 1986，Liu Danian also published the "Pioneer of History Research" in the 4th issue of "History Research" in "History Research"，Supplement and revision of the "Performance of the" Hundred Family Consecration "Policies"，I believe that Mao Zedong proposed the "Hundred Family Consecration" policies for the establishment of a historical journal，is the glory of "History Research"。

bet365 live casino games In the article "Positioning of" History Research "and the" Principles of Hundred Family Contention ""，Liu Danian quoted Chen Boda as saying: "You must have a" hundred family contention "。Previous warlords、Seecarie、Learning Valve，Don't be a ‘magazine valve’。What is the magazine valve? Just publish only articles that are the same as your own view，Different articles on different views: That's not good。‘Hundred Family Contention’，This is a policy problem。The publication should do this policy。"The article also analyzed the background of Mao Zedong first proposing the" Hundred Family Contention "policy on historical issues:" Guo Moruo and Fan Wenlan both use Marxist research history，The staging of their slavery and feudal system for Chinese slavery，Profit differences。Their books are all influenced among readers。Former Guo Moruo was in Jianguan District，Fan Zai Yan'an，Each says each，After going to Beijing，Talking about text，Nearby at hand，inevitably make some defense。Their claims have their own agents。... The controversy of ancient history is great，But there is no special research institution。To change this situation，Need to strengthen leadership，There is a clear policy。... In 1956，Calendar is far more than that。It is a stable domestic political situation，Science at home and abroad、Comprehensive cultural contribution、Positive reflection。"December 28, 1991，Liu Danian found the original "First Meeting of the Chinese History Research Committee"，In order to correct some historical fact errors in the "Hundred Family Convisory" Policy,，He also wrote to the editorial department of "Party's Literature"，Say: "I wrote a manuscript I wrote in" Literature and Research "in 1986，Where there is a need to be corrected，Zu Ru Shi Ji，Together with the first meeting of the Chinese History Research Committee, the copy of the records of the Chinese History Research Committee。Frequent text is best to publish。"This allows the historical nature of this article to further confirm。

"History Research" after the publication，Not only papers that published different views of Marxist historians，It also published the paper that did not agree with historian guided by Marxism at the time，The policy of "Hundred Family Consecration" is better implemented。This is related to how Liu Danian treats academic disputes。He thinks，The atmosphere of academic debate in the 1950s has a clear atmosphere of the times，Generally, it is democratic，Academic criticism is mostly based on the academic scope。

June 19, 1952 to 20，Liu Diannian's "Study Stalin's Doctrine on the foundation and upper architecture -to commemorate Stalin's" Marxism and Linguistics Issues "in the" Study Study Daily "in" Guangming Daily "was published in the second anniversary of Stalin"，It is an article that advocates the feudal theory of the Western Zhou Dynasty、Do not agree with Guo Moruo's Thesis of the Warring States Period。The day before the article was published，Liu Diannian explained Guo Moruo，Say I am a "childish year student"。Guo Moruo did not read Liu Danian's manuscript，Just say "Our Chinese childhood students are just like you"。June 20，"People's Daily" published the "Stalin's Paper on Linguistics for Linguistics for Chinese Academic Work"，This article is also inclined to criticize Guo Moruo’s feudal statement of the Warring States Period。But Guo Moruo didn't mind，He thinks，As an academic debate，No need to conceal your views at all。Liu Danian's article was published，Communicate with Hou Waulu。Hou Waulu thinks，Academic controversy should have your own point of view。This incident has a great influence on Liu Danian，He repeatedly emphasized on many occasions that pay attention to the scientific nature of academic standards and strengthen academic research。

Recently, some scholars have discovered，Liu Danian had more maintenance in the so -called "old school" in the 1950s，and therefore received criticism from many young students。This is a refraction of the academic concept of practicing "hundreds of schools"。After reform and opening up，Liu Dian organized the establishment of "Modern History Research" and "Research on the Anti -Japanese War" and other publications，Hosted a lot of international academic discussions with a lot of influence，and gradually formed a relatively complete policy to promote academic discussion、Method。Wang Yuyu summarized this as "the 16 -character policy of soliciting thesis: widely solicited，Key organization，Expert review，Select the best option "，"Selected papers and adhere to hundreds of claims，Determined to decide bet365 Play online games on a certain point of view，As long as you say the reason，Perseverance is based，You can be selected when you reach a certain level of articles "，"The selected papers are‘ one standard ’and‘ three do not take care of ’: Everyone is equal in front of academic level，Do not take care of fame，Do not take care of the unit，Do not take care of the area "，etc.。

　　Reveal the dialectical relationship between academic and politics

Liu Dian has maintained a good continuity in his studies，This is related to the relationship between the relationship between the academic and politics。Before reform and opening up，Most Chinese scholars agree with academics should serve political services，At least such a point of view among public posters。After reform and opening up，Especially in the mid -to -late 1990s, it started，Some scholars avoid talking about the relationship between the relationship between academic and politics，tend to think that the relationship between academic and politics is a relationship of opposition。Liu Danian felt earlier that Chinese and Western scholars had a large cultural difference when looking at the relationship between academic and politics，and the issue of the relationship between academic and reality has a large cultural commonality。

1963，Liu Danian published "Questions of Modern History in China" in the third issue of "History Research"。June 18，"People's Daily" published "" History Research "in the text discussions and adhere to the problems of historical science party spirit"，Introduce the basic point of view of Liu Danian on the relationship between academic and political relationships，Among them, "people study history，In the final analysis, it is to help solve real problems "，"Actually，Many people in the bourgeois history also acknowledge that studying history requires the time of time "。

"Questions of Modern History in China" explained that "there are also many people in the bourgeois historian acknowledged that research history needs time to go"，list Liang Qichao's "Chinese History Revolution"、Zhang Binglin "Book"、British historian Baracklaw "Expansion of History Vision"、American historian Linde "Historical Objective Nature"、American scholar Wudward "Re -Explanation Times"、Qian Mu's "National History Outline" and other discussions。where，Speech on foreign historians，The text says: "British historian Baracklaw said:‘ the main problem now，It is in what historians can give this generation，To what extent are he prepared to meet the key and requirements that hopes to discover the current task and instructions in history '。Another historian Linde believes: ‘Only people related to future changes，Really interested in knowing the past '。‘If we do n’t work hard to study the experience provided by us in modern history，So lament cannot be tested in history，It's incredible ''。... Wudward's conclusion is: ‘What the era required by this era to ask them to answer the questions raised by the historical process of accelerated development，That is the relationship between the relationship between the past and the present and the future。If the historian now avoids this problem，People have to turn elsewhere to seek answers，Then they are eligible to bear the title of the historian of Tolstoya who had given him at that time -Tolstoy called them to answer them.。"Liu Danian emphasized here，"Change of ancient and modern" is also the common pursuit of Chinese and foreign historians in the 20th century。

Liu Danian criticized some of the bourgeois historians in China and foreign countries in the article that the views of the existence of objective laws of historical development，Revealing its essence is to explain history at will for realistic purposes，It is pointed out that "bourgeois history can contribute to some specific problems research。But when I encounter the basic point of view of history，Encounter real struggle，It must be full of prejudice，Take the fundamental anti -history、Anti -Science Road "。Say in the text，Li De, the American "currentist" Li De, absolutely denies the possibility of objective truth in historical development，On the other hand, it is called on American historical researchers to take on their social responsibility，Emphasize "whether it is the Cold War or Heren，Everyone has been adjusted，Call for everyone to do his own responsibility。Like historians and physicists，Can't escape this responsibility "; Li De also said publicly:" In the United States，It seems that most historians see，Science first is the way to make a living，Scientific objective issues，In essence, the problem of ‘bread and butter’。The historian must satisfy the payer to their works，This is the starting point for bet365 best casino games solving any scientific problems。"Many people noticed that Chinese scholars criticized Western scholars in the 1950s and 1960s，But often ignore what they criticize。In the "Modern History of China"，Liu Danian criticized the anti -Communist anti -communities full of ideological biases among Western scholars、Anti -China speech。The academic criticism of the relativism of the West in the past few years，The basic point of view is consistent with the criticism of Li De and others Liu Dian in this article。

After reform and opening up，Liu Danian puts forward historical research on multiple occasions to pay attention to reality，Many of his own discussions also have clear practical care。but，He explicitly opposes historical science as a tool for explaining political tasks，Opposition to History Academic Theory of Commodity，One of the important base points is the reflection on the works of some Western bourgeois idealist historians。Regardless of the relationship between the relationship between academic and politics，Still the problem of history and reality，Liu Danian repeatedly emphasized that academic research should be based on scientific research，No matter what research method is used，All must be realistic，Can't violate objective facts。1999，The "Historical Mission of Marxist Philosophy Social Sciences" reported at the 50 -year report conference hosted by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences proposed: "Today's historical mission of Marxist philosophy social sciences，It should be a comprehensive study of modern capitalism，Add a comprehensive study of modern socialism，Come up to the last new height，Answer some important questions in the contemporary social life that people expect to be answered。”

　　Adhere to the subjective principle

October 17, 1952，Liu Danian participated in the 4th Academy Executive Meeting of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Listening to the report of the deputy director of the Planning Bureau, Ding Yan made a report on the preparation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' visit to the Soviet Union，Ding Yan asked Liu Danian to participate in the Soviet delegation。At the end of December，Liu Danian reported to Hu Qiaomu, Executive Deputy Minister of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China，Said Hu Qiaomu: "Nikkanov believes that criticism and self -criticism are the motivation for socialist development，I think this view is away from Marxism。Marxism has always considered the contradiction between productivity and production relations to promote social development。Ridanov also said that there is no contradiction in the productivity and production relationship of socialist society。This view is right or wrong。And he believes that criticism and self -criticism are the development motivation of socialist society。This argument does not seem to be historical materialism，It looks like historical idealism。"Hu Qiaomu believes that Liu Danian's opinion is very reasonable，But pointing out that Ridanov's opinion is within a certain range，Ru Literature and Art，can be established again。February to June 1953，Liu Danian visited the Soviet Union with a delegation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Learn the advanced history of historical science and scientific work cadres in the Soviet Union，Introduce the status quo of historical science research in the Soviet Union in the Soviet Union，and responsible for the work of the data group of the delegation。After returning to China，Liu Diannian published 5 articles to study the Soviet Union in the People's Daily and Scientific Report。

In recent years，Some scholars in the West noticed，In the cultural exchange of China and the Soviet Union，Chinese scholars have maintained a better subjective principle，This is generally in line with historical reality。1961，Sino -Soviet has not yet publicly debated on the media，Liu Danian published two articles in "Historical Research" "On Kangxi" and "Revolution of 1911"。None of these two articles are named for criticizing Soviet scholars，And the beginning of "On Kangxi" is the words of Plece Hanov，But the article actually has a side of the relevant views of Soviet scholars，Liu Danian has also become the number one target for the criticism of Soviet historians because of these two articles。From 1979，The disadvantages of Soviet history in the history of Chinese history，Soviet history has gradually become a critical object。1983，Liu Diannian published the article "On Leaders and the Mass" in "The Research on Philosophy"，At that time, Sino -Soviet relations had not improved signs，But Liu Diannian did not criticize Pric Hanov，Instead of continuing to quote Plekhanov's remarks to explain your point of view。This description，Liu Danian has not changed his point of view because of the development and change of Sino -Soviet Bet365 app download relations，He has maintained cold independent thinking in learning Soviet history，Non -Mevicu、No trend、Do not violate the theory of mind。This may be an important reason that articles such as "On Kangxi" have long been valued by the historic community for a long time。

September 1990，"Modern China and the World" International Academic Symposium was held in Beijing，Liu Danian served as the director of the Organization Committee of the Conference，The opening speech entitled "The relationship between the road of modernization of China and the world" at the meeting。Liu Diannian's four factions of American scholars in the American scholar "Discovery History in China" about the relationship between modern China and the world，that is the "impact -response" school、"Tradition -Modern" School、"Imperialist Decision" faction and "China Center" faction，Review，Think that the first three factions are the main theory of the Western main line，The latter is the main theory of the Chinese main line，It is clearly pointing out that these two opposing main lines have obvious defects，Opposition to this "non -this is the other" view，Proposal dialectical treats the relationship between modern China and the world。

Liu Danian always pays attention to the academic perspective of the overseas academic community，His many discussions，8019_8031，All have the side of overseas academic views。The problem he thinks，Obviously a problem that Chinese philosophy and social science must conscientiously think about when cooperating with overseas exchanges，How to pass communication and dialogue，Ascend to look far，Construction of "China Core", which can integrate into the mainstream of international academic academics。，Many works of Liu Diannian have been translated into multiple countries，has produced greater social influence and academic influence abroad。One of the important reasons，It should be its work that has a clear Chinese style，spread the voice of China; and insisted on the scientific attitude，Respect the facts，Objectively and calmly respond to the issues that countries are concerned at the time，Effects "Gongta Gongyan"。

　(The author is a professor at the School of History and Culture of Qufu Normal University)