Bai Shouyi (1909-2000)，People from Kaifeng, Henan，Hui，Historian、Educator。Student at Shanghai Wenzhi University in his early years、Studying at Kaifeng Zhongzhou University。1929，Admitted to graduate school at the Institute of Chinese Studies, Yanjing University, Peking，Research on the bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese philosophy。Later taught at Guilin Chengda Normal School、Yunnan University、Schools such as Central University，Engaging in the general bet365 sign up bonus code China、bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese Historiography、Teaching courses on Chinese and foreign transportation history。Taught at Beijing Normal University after the founding of New China，Served as the head of the History Department for more than thirty years，Concurrently serves as the executive director of the Chinese History Society、Researcher of the Second Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Sciences、Vice President of China Islamic Association, etc.，Editor-in-chief "Journal of Beijing Normal University" (Social Science Edition)，Founded and edited "Historical Research"。

Bai Shouyi’s writings are complex，Published hundreds of papers，Published monographs "bet365 sign up bonus code Transportation in China", "A Brief bet365 sign up bonus code Islam in China", "Records of the Xian Tong Yunnan Revolution", "Qin Shihuang", "Outline of the bet365 sign up bonus code Islam in China", "The Rebirth of the Hui Nation", "Study on the Steps", "New Commentary on Historical Records", "History" Educational and Historical Heritage", "Preserved Manuscripts of Chinese Islamic History", "Collected Works on Baishou Yi Ethnic Religion", "Collected Works on Baishou Yi Historical Studies", etc.；He is the editor-in-chief of "Compendium of General bet365 sign up bonus code China", "General bet365 sign up bonus code China", "Introduction to Historiography", "Textbook of Chinese Historiography", "bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese Historiography", "Hui Characters", "bet365 sign up bonus code the Hui Nationality in China" and other works that have far-reaching influence in the academic world。After the death of Bai Shouyi，His academic descendants compiled and edited the "Collected Works of Bai Shouyi"。

He has worked hard in the field of bet365 sign up bonus code for 70 years，Rich results；62 years in higher education，Peaches and plums everywhere。In addition，He is also an outstanding social activist，Have held multiple positions in the National People’s Congress for a long time。Elected as a representative of the Third National People’s Congress in 1964，After that, he served as the fourth consecutively、Fifth、Deputy to the Sixth National People’s Congress、Member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress，Member of the Fifth National People’s Congress Legal Affairs Committee，Member of the Sixth National People's Congress Ethnic Committee。He is a representative of the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China、Delegate to the Thirteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China、Specially invited representative to the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China。

Mr. Bai Shouyi was born in a middle-class family with a Muslim background，Father Bai Jifu opened electric lighting companies in Kaifeng and Zhengzhou、Fanzhuang、Theater, etc.，Mother is also widely respected。This family attaches great importance to traditional Chinese culture and modern scientific education，The family hired a well-known local private school teacher，Teaching the Four Books and Five Classics。Bai Shouyi read a large number of books introducing science and culture when bet365 sign up bonus code was a child。Under the advice of an enlightened private school teacher，bet365 sign up bonus code entered St. Andrew's School run by Canadians in Kaifeng。When the principal asked him why bet365 sign up bonus code wanted to learn English，bet365 sign up bonus code replied: I want to understand the world。

　　bet365 sign up bonus code patriot to communist

1925，Japanese capitalist shot and killed cotton factory worker Gu Zhenghong，Stirring up the indignation of Shanghai people。May 30，British military police suppress people marching for justice，Dozens of casualties，Created the “May 30th Massacre” that shocked China and foreign countries。Bai Shouyi was deeply stimulated by the barbaric acts of imperialism，He and his friend Zhang Zhuqian、Sai Chengti and others launched the Henan Hui People’s Case Support Association，Solidarity with the Shanghai people in their struggle against imperialism。Afterwards，He is unwilling to continue studying in a school run by foreigners，It feels like a shame。He came to Shanghai，Enter Wenzhi University to study。He was only 16 years old at this time，Strong patriotism，Have great ambitions。The "bet365 sign up bonus code Transportation in China" published when he was 28 years old is my country's first monograph on transportation history。At this time, Japanese imperialism is stepping up its aggression against China，Mr. Shou Yi wrote in this work: "At this time，The national crisis is extremely serious，This major undertaking, which is related to the rise and fall of a country, requires the government and the people to work hard。Our bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese transportation，Is it a bet365 sign up bonus code failure or a bet365 sign up bonus code victory，It will be decided in the next few years。This era is no longer the time for us to enjoy our time。”This rigorous academic work contains his patriotic passion。

Bai Shouyi is very concerned about the economic development and cultural construction of the northwest region。1937，In extremely difficult circumstances，bet365 sign up bonus code participated in the northwest inspection group organized by Mr. Gu Jiegang，In-depth Inner Mongolia、Ningxia、Gansu、Qinghai and other places，Investigating ethnic groups、Religion、Water Conservancy、Culture，Particularly concerned about education issues in the northwest region。His persistence in inspection work won the praise of Mr. Gu Jiegang。Republic of China period，Mr. Shou Yi teaches in universities in areas governed by the Kuomintang，I am following the old path，But bet365 sign up bonus code respects Marxist historiography。bet365 sign up bonus code and several left-wingers such as Chu Tunan、Zang Ke’s family and others can be called friends。bet365 sign up bonus code has been paying attention to Hou Wailu’s research results for a long time，The two have been friends for a long time。

After the founding of New China，Bai Shouyi consciously integrates patriotism into history teaching work。He published many papers such as "On the Combination of Patriotic Ideological Education and the bet365 sign up bonus code Ethnic Minorities"，Emphasizes: “The combination of patriotism education and the bet365 sign up bonus code ethnic minorities，Not only can it broaden the content of patriotic ideological education，And it’s even more profound、Strengthened the content of patriotism ideological education。This aspect is through the patriotic ideological education，And further consolidate the unity of people of all ethnic groups；On the other hand, it is due to the more consolidated unity of the people of all ethnic groups，And greatly improve the effect of patriotic ideological education。”He cares about national development，Believe that historians shoulder lofty social responsibilities，Studying history is to promote history。He said: "Understand the past，To better understand the present，A good look at the future，This is the significance of studying history。”As an outstanding representative of the Hui people，Bai Shouyi attended the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference held in Huairen Hall, Zhongnanhai in September 1949，Going to Tiananmen on October 1st，Participated in the Founding Ceremony。Bai Shouyi supports the leadership of the Communist Party of China，Dedicated to providing advice and suggestions for national academic and cultural undertakings。He pursues progress，Move closer to the party organization，Honourably joined the Communist Party of China in 1958。He takes political studies seriously，In his later years with limited mobility，Still urging party branches to hold democratic life meetings on a regular basis，And actively participate。The party branch of the Institute of bet365 sign up bonus code Beijing Normal University where he works，Outstanding work in all aspects，has been rated as an outstanding party branch at the school level and municipal level many times。

　　Brave and enterprising bet365 sign up bonus code spirit

Bai Shouyi is from the Institute of Chinese Studies at Yenching University。Previously he was taught by the famous scholar Hu Pu'an、Gu Shi、Ji Wenfu、Guo Shao Yu Jiaoze，At Yenching University, I was personally familiar with Chen Yuan、Zhang Xingxang、Feng Youlan、Xu Dishan、Gu Jiegang、Rong Geng、Seniors such as Huang Zitong。Huang Zitong is his graduate tutor，Guide him to study the philosophy of the Song Dynasty。He has a close relationship with Gu Jiegang，Received the reuse and support of Gu Jiegang。Gu asked him to ghostwrite an article on Hui issues，Hire him to host Wentong Bookstore。Republic of China period，He is an important member of Gu Jiegang’s academic camp。First entry into academic research，Bai Shouyi has shown a broad academic vision and extraordinary academic ambition。His first paper "Collating the national heritage and introducing the necessity and direction of Europeanization"，Calling scholars who organize national heritage to engage in systematic work，Composing various special histories，To create a new culture，And advocates the use of both Chinese and Western methods，Take its strengths。At the Institute of Chinese Studies at Yenching University，He plans to write a "bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese Philosophy" in two or three years。Although this plan seems unrealistic，But his courageous and enterprising spirit in academic research is really commendable。

During the Republic of China，Bai Shouyi has been engaged in various professions，How to establish an academic journal，Be a freelance writer，Enter a university as a professor，Academic research covers many fields，But his greatest academic influence is on the study of Hui history，He is also best known as an expert on the bet365 sign up bonus code Islam。The semi-monthly "Islam" he founded，Islamic account edited by the bimonthly magazine "Yugong"，The earliest Chinese records from the Battle of Talos to Islam, "The Spice Trade of Muslims in the Song Dynasty", "A Short bet365 sign up bonus code Islam in China", "Muslims and Islam in the Yuan Dynasty", "An Outline of the bet365 sign up bonus code Islam in China" wait，Both are pioneering and foundational，It has great influence not only in the ethnic and religious circles，And won high praise from the academic community。December 1946，Gu Jiegang was interviewed by Jiang Xingyu，Comments on contemporary Chinese historiography and historians，In response to "Who do you think are the outstanding young historians in China now?"，Gu Jiegang mentioned many historical talents，Talking about Bai Shouyi’s special historical research: "Bai Shouyi, Professor of Yunnan University who governs religious history，An expert on the bet365 sign up bonus code Islam。”

After the founding of New China，Bai Shouyi regained his academic youth，Consciously study and apply Marxism to conduct historical research。He emphasized the importance of basic training in the discipline of bet365 sign up bonus code，Also emphasizes the need to effectively master the basic theory of Marxism，Under the guidance of Marxist historical materialism，Study the characteristics and laws of China’s historical development。1962，He publishes his own collection of essays，Selected "12 articles written since liberation"，The name is "Xiaobu Ji"。The reason why it is called "toddling"，Because this is the preliminary result obtained by studying and applying Marxism。He wrote in the "Inscription" of the book: "When the country was liberated，I have taught bet365 sign up bonus code in universities for more than ten years...I have never been exposed to Marxism at all。After liberation，My education in the party、With care and help from comrades，Initial learning to use Marxism to deal with historical issues，Every step forward feels great difficulty，Everyone has to put in a lot of work and struggle。12 years，Sincerely there is joy that cannot be concealed，It seems that in the field of historical science, a person who was completely unable to walk gradually learned to walk。”Bai Shouyi read Marx systematically、Engels、Lenin、Stalin、Works by Mao Zedong and others，Have profound Marxist cultivation。He is highly conscious in theory，Clearly stated that we engage in historical research under the guidance of historical materialism: “We work hard to learn and apply the basic theories of Marxism，Exploring the process and characteristics of China’s historical development。”1989，At the symposium on "Forty Years of Historiography Research"，He once again emphasized the importance of learning Marxism。He said: "The most important thing we need to pay attention to now，First，I just need to relearn Marxism。40 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China，We are all learning。Looks now，Still superficial，Not so in-depth。Judging from past encounters，Adopt a pragmatic attitude towards Marxism，It’s still quite serious。This is a big problem。”“Now we must create a new situation in historical work，You should learn from the beginning。After these paragraphs over 40 years，The level of understanding Marxism is higher than in the past，The learning results will be better than in the past。”He admired Hou Wailu’s academic approach very much，commented: "What if，The spread and development of Marxism in the field of Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code，Li Dazhao's "Essentials of bet365 sign up bonus code" is a stage symbol of the 1920s，Guo Lao's "Research on Ancient Chinese Society" is a symbol of the 1930s，Then，In the 1940s，Comrade Wailu’s works should have a unique position among the Marxist historical works of the same period。”Whether it is social bet365 sign up bonus code research，Still academic bet365 sign up bonus code research，Both Bai Shouyi and Hou Wailu have the same academic interests，That is to pursue the study of "compassion" under the guidance of Marxism。

After reform and opening up，In his seventies, Bai Shouyi continues to be active in Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code，He established the Institute of bet365 sign up bonus code at Beijing Normal University、Ancient Books Research Institute，Leading academic teams to engage in large-scale academic project construction。He claimed that he did not start learning until he was seventy years old，Believe that the life of academics lies in innovation，Indicates that he will still take a new path。In the last 20 years of the 20th century，Whether it is academic influence or academic contribution，Bai Shou and Yidu can be called the leading figures in Chinese Marxist historiography。

　　Broad bet365 sign up bonus code field

Mr. Bai Shouyi’s academic scope is very wide，His teaching and writings involve the bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese folklore、bet365 sign up bonus code Islam in China、bet365 sign up bonus code the Hui Nationality、bet365 sign up bonus code ethnic relations in China、China’s transportation history、bet365 sign up bonus code Sino-foreign communications、bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese Philosophy、Chinese Historical Philology、bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese Historiography、Historical Theory、General bet365 sign up bonus code China, etc.。

His early interest in folk literature、Interested in folklore。"Kaifeng Ballad Collection" published in 1929，Written "The Worship of Dragons, Phoenixes, Turtles and Lin in Ancient China", "Superstition about Virgins", "Five Elements Family Ballads" and "Legends of Yin and Zhou Dynasties"、Records and Clan Gods", "Folklore and bet365 sign up bonus code" and other papers。

His bet365 sign up bonus code Islam in China、The study of the bet365 sign up bonus code the Hui people is closely related to their origins from the Hui people。The beliefs of the Hui people、Custom、Lifestyle habits，He knows them all。In this field，He has unique conditions，His achievements in this area make him a member of the modern academic system of China: bet365 sign up bonus code Islam in China、The founder of Hui history。He also gained a reputation as an expert on Hui history in the academic circles of the Republic of China。After the founding of New China，His research on the bet365 sign up bonus code the Hui people has entered a new realm。Late years，He organizes manpower，He edited the multi-volume "bet365 sign up bonus code the Hui Nationality" and the huge "bet365 sign up bonus code the Hui Nationality in China"。His research on the bet365 sign up bonus code ethnic relations in China is an expansion of the research on the bet365 sign up bonus code the Hui people。As early as the early days of the Anti-Japanese War，In the academic debate on "The Chinese nation is one" launched by Kunming's "Yi Shi Bao Frontier Weekly"，Bai Shouyi actively participated in the discussion，Emphasis on the unity of the Chinese nation。After the founding of New China，He has more achievements in this area，Especially "Several Issues on the bet365 sign up bonus code China's Ethnic Relations" has the greatest influence。His achievements in the bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese transportation are mainly reflected in his "bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese Transportation" published in 1937。"bet365 sign up bonus code Sino-Foreign Communications" is a course he taught at Yunnan University，It is related to his research on the bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese transportation。He said: "My interest in the bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese and foreign communications，It also started from writing this book。Later，From the bet365 sign up bonus code Sino-foreign traffic to the bet365 sign up bonus code China-Arab traffic，The bet365 sign up bonus code Islam in China，bet365 sign up bonus code the Hui Nationality，And Chinese National History，Interests are constantly extending。”

Bai Shouyi has done research on many thinkers in Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code。Before he went to graduate school，Written as "Three Masters of Pre-Qin Thought"，Discussion hole、Old、Mo’s philosophical and political thoughts；Graduate period，Studying the Philosophy of the Two Song Dynasties，Published many papers on Zhu Xi。The study of Zhu Xi also gave him good training in historical philology，Thus laying a solid foundation in bibliography。1970s，The Central Committee officially approved the twenty-four histories of punctuation，Mr. Gu Jiegang summarizes his achievements。Due to Mr. Gu’s old age and illness，The actual work is presided over by Bai Shouyi。This is huge、Outstanding achievements、A brilliant academic career，He accumulated rich experience in organizing ancient books。Late years，He proposed the theory of historical philology，Advocates "Chinese historical philology，Can include four parts。一、Theoretical part。二、Part of bet365 sign up bonus code。三、Part of taxonomy。四、Applied part。"Have made many contributions to the construction of historical literature。

Mr. Bai Shouyi has been engaged in teaching and researching Chinese history since the 1940s。1942，With the support of Chu Tunan, he opened a course on Chinese history at Yunnan University，Lecture on "The Evolution of Chinese Historical Genres" at Kunming Wuhua Academy in 1946。Published "Commentary (written by Jin Yufu) "bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese Historiography"" in 1947，Shows his knowledge and knowledge in Chinese history。At the 1961 National Liberal Arts Textbook Conference，He was designated as the editor-in-chief of the ancient part of the Chinese history textbook。For the compilation of this textbook，He established a writing group and teaching and research section at Beijing Normal University，Founded "Reference Materials for Chinese Historiography"，Presided over several large-scale historiography seminars。In the few years before the outbreak of the "Cultural Revolution"，He has published nearly 30 articles on the bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese historiography，There are three articles that best reflect his thoughts on the construction of the discipline of history at that time，That is, "Talk about the Heritage of Historiography", "Sima Qian's Judgment in the Preface" and "Discussions on the Research Tasks of the bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese Historiography"。Also，"Zheng Qiao's Development of Liu Zhiji's Historiography" "Clan Gods in Yin and Zhou Legends and Records" "Childhood of Chinese Historiography" "Sima Qian and Ban Gu" "Chen Shou、Yuan Hong and Fan Ye" and other articles are also excellent works of historical research，Pioneering significance。This period，The result of Mr. Bai Shouyi's systematic historical research is "Chinese Historiography Textbook (First Draft)"。This manuscript was written from pre-Qin to Liu Zhiji，It is an unfinished work that was interrupted due to the "Cultural Revolution"。After the 1980s，He ignores his advanced age，Published a series of historical papers in succession，Proposed a more mature historical discipline theory of Chinese history。He said: "bet365 sign up bonus code History，Refers to the objective process of the development of history。”bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese Historiography，It is "a discussion of the process and laws of the development of Chinese history"，The content it studies “includes the development of Chinese history itself，The relationship between the development of Chinese history and other disciplines，The characteristics of the times reflected in the development of Chinese history，And the impact of various achievements in Chinese history on society"。He proposed the methodology of historical research，Thinks that studying historians or historical writings can be based on historical theory、Historical Materials、Proceeding from four levels of compilation and historical literature。He summarized China’s historical and literary achievements，Pointed out: “Summarize the fine traditions of our country’s historical literature，I think the most noteworthy thing is these six words: accurate、Condensation、vivid。"To put it simply，From the 1960s to the end of the 20th century，Discussion of historical discipline theory from a macro perspective、Specific research on the bet365 sign up bonus code historiography，Looking at the organizational work of history majors across the country，Mr. Bai Shouyi is truly a "flag on the front line of historical research"。

On the basis of historical research，He edited "Introduction to bet365 sign up bonus code"。He believes that "Introduction to bet365 sign up bonus code" should discuss the basic issues in Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code and the development of modern bet365 sign up bonus code，And put forward the tasks facing contemporary bet365 sign up bonus code。The famous historian Chen Guangshang spoke highly of this "Introduction to bet365 sign up bonus code"，Said it "proposed many novel insights，Not falling behind the predecessors”。should say，The biggest advantage of "Introduction to bet365 sign up bonus code" is to refine and summarize the basic theories of bet365 sign up bonus code from traditional Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code，It is an important historical theoretical work。

　The compilation of general bet365 sign up bonus code is the most brilliant

1999，The large-scale "General bet365 sign up bonus code China" edited by Bai Shouyi has been fully published。The then President Jiang Zemin sent a congratulatory letter to Mr. Bai Shouyi: "The publication of the twenty-two volumes of "General bet365 sign up bonus code China" edited by you，It is a great joy for the field of history in our country。You are in your old age，Still writing，Diligent in research，It can be said that I am an old man，very ambitious。For the important achievements you and your colleagues have made in historical research，My heartfelt congratulations！”

Large-scale "General bet365 sign up bonus code China" edited by Bai Shouyi，12 volumes，22 volumes，Total 1256.90,000 words，This is the largest general bet365 sign up bonus code China in Chinese history。Mr. Bai Shouyi completed this as the most important academic undertaking，Spent more than 20 years on it。"Compendium of the General bet365 sign up bonus code China" edited by him，It was also widely praised after being published in 1980，and translated into English、French、Spanish、Japanese, etc.，Issued abroad。

Bai Shouyi’s lifetime academic coverage was broad，Already as above。Actually，He does not put equal effort into the field of scholarship，But it has its own focus and core。In the last 20 years of life，He mainly focuses on the three aspects of compilation of the multi-volume "General bet365 sign up bonus code China", "Hui Characters" and research on the bet365 sign up bonus code Chinese historiography。And these three aspects are interrelated、mutually reinforcing。where，The compilation of "General bet365 sign up bonus code China" occupies the most important position，Completing a detailed "General bet365 sign up bonus code China" is his highest academic pursuit in life。

General history is comprehensive、Comprehensive、Features of the system，It represents the overall understanding of past history，For a country、A nation、A political party is often of great significance。Year，The publication of "Compendium of General bet365 sign up bonus code China" written by Fan Wenlan in Yan'an was highly praised by Comrade Mao Zedong，This can be explained。Comrade Mao Zedong said: "Our party has done another major event in Yan'an，Explain what we Communists think about our country’s thousands of years of history，Not only our opinion，And wrote a systematic and complete general bet365 sign up bonus code China。This shows that our Chinese Communist Party has a say in the bet365 sign up bonus code our country for thousands of years，Also produced scientific works。”For a scholar，The writing of general history is also the highest level of academic work。From the academic bet365 sign up bonus code Mr. Bai Shouyi，He has had such ambitions for a long time，And his two visits abroad，It also made him deeply feel that this is the sacred mission that a historian should shoulder。1971，At the Second National Publishing Work Symposium，Premier Zhou Enlai proposed the initiative of writing a general bet365 sign up bonus code China，Give Mr. Bai Shouyi great encouragement and encouragement。Afterwards，He consciously incorporated the compilation of a general bet365 sign up bonus code China into his academic plan。

The genre and style of the multi-volume "General bet365 sign up bonus code China" and its historical periodization、territory、Basic theories such as ethnicity，They were all founded by Mr. Bai Shouyi，It is the crystallization of his lifelong exploration of Chinese history and general history theory。The genre of the multi-volume "General bet365 sign up bonus code China" is a new genre created by absorbing the length of traditional biographical history books and modern chapter-style history books，Referred to as "New Complex"。Except for the introductory volume and ancient times volume，The remaining volumes are explained by prefaces、Summary、Dianzhi、Biography consists of four parts，Intended to be multi-level、A three-dimensional display of China’s historical development process，Achieved a high degree of unity in revealing the regularity of history and the richness of historical content。Bai Shouyi’s periodization of Chinese history，Especially the stages of feudal society，It is made from comprehensive factors，Such as the level of social productivity (including science and technology)、The class structure of the ruling group、The degree of dependence of farmers on the landlord class、Changes in the land system and taxation system、Slogans and forms of class struggle、The degree of feudalization of ethnic minorities、Changes in Sino-foreign relations, etc.，Avoiding one-sidedness caused by a single standard，Accepted by most scholars in the field of history。About China’s multi-ethnic unification，He proposed "four types of paradigms、The theory of a trend，That is, there are four types of unification in Chinese history: unification within each ethnic group、Regional multi-ethnic unity、National multi-ethnic unity、Multi-ethnic unity of the Socialist People’s Republic of China；In the long bet365 sign up bonus code China，Although ethnic relations are tortuous，But the general trend is to unify into the mainstream，Friendly relations between ethnic groups are getting closer。

Revision and finalization of each volume of "General bet365 sign up bonus code China"，All of them are integrated into the research results of Mr. Bai Shouyi。His additions and deletions of historical facts、Proofreading and polishing of text, etc.，Just like Sima Guang who worked as hard as he compiled "Zi Zhi Tong Jian"。This masterpiece exhausted his efforts。About its achievements，There have been many studies，No details here。here，I would like to express my respect for Mr. Bai Shouyi by borrowing Mr. Dai Yi's comments at the "Full Publication Conference of the Multi-volume General bet365 sign up bonus code China" on April 26, 1999 - "This is an unprecedented masterpiece，It is the final work of Chinese history in the 20th century。This is the hard work of Bai Lao，is a significant contribution to the academic community，It is his precious gift to this century。”

　　(The author is a professor at the School of bet365 sign up bonus code, Beijing Normal University)