Since 2016，Documents of the Central Central Committee over the years have made clear requirements for the pilot work of crop income insurance，From "developing insurance products that meet the needs of new agricultural business entities" to "Explore the establishment of a crop income insurance system"，Then go to "Explore the Development of Rice、wheat、Three Grain Crops of Corn Crops Complete Cost Insurance and Insurance Insurance Pilot "，It reflects that the policy deployment is becoming increasingly detailed and institutionalized。The "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High -quality Development of Agricultural Insurance in October 2019" further points out，"By 2022，rice、wheat、3 major corn main grains crop cropping agricultural insurance coverage rate of more than 70%，Insurance insurance has become an important insurance type of agricultural insurance in my country "，At the same time, "expand the pilot insurance pilot of crop income、Requirements for Explore income Insurance+Futures (Pilot) Pilot "and other requirements，Provide policy basis for the development of crop income insurance。

Crop revenue insurance contains three major interests，The government、Insurance institutions and growers。First，The government is the main force to promote the development of crop income insurance，reflected in the system supply、premium subsidy、Business subsidy and other aspects。Prospects attributes of prospective items based on domestic and foreign agricultural insurance and agricultural insurance，The development scale of crop income insurance is closely related to government support。Next，Insurance institutions are suppliers of crop income insurance。The growers are transferred to some bet365 live casino games agricultural risks by paying a certain amount of premiums to pay a certain amount of premiums，and agricultural insurance institutions make loss allocation in time and space，Try to reduce the operating cost of crop income insurance，Manage and control business risk，Balanced optimization of risks and benefits。Last，The growers are demanders for crop income insurance，It is a prerequisite for the existence and development of income insurance。Only the growers feel deeply and actively buy insurance products，can provide stable sources of funds for the development of crop income insurance。visible，Government、Insurance institutions and insured growers and crop income insurance are closely related，Participate in agricultural risk management process。

The author sends out through the research on the pilot insurance pilot of rice income insurance in Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province，This work mainly relies on the insurance institution under the guidance of the government。The government is the regulator of rice income insurance，Affordable financial subsidies、Supervision and Management Responsibility，Fully respect the autonomy of the insurance company's operations; the insurance company's independent operation、Self -negative profit and loss，Use various exhibition methods to promote，Absorbing farmers' insurance，According to the normal exhibition industry of the insurance company、Investigation and loss、Capture and other insurance procedures to carry out various operations。

Different from the general planting industry insurance is，Crop revenue insurance needs to determine the yield and price of rice at the same time。During the actual operation process，Historical production and sales data provided by local insurance companies based on cost data monitoring points，Comprehensive comparison with the official statistics of the local authority，It is determined that the average three -year bet365 live casino games per mu was used as the output index of crop income insurance in the previous three years; the price released by the provincial price testing department is used as the price indicator，Make sure the authority and timeliness of the indicator。The sales income of rice consists of the product of the average monitoring output and the average monitoring price.，When the sales income is lower than the insurance liability caused by the income agreed in the insurance contract，Insurance companies make compensation。All the appropriate planting varieties evaluated by the local government department can be insured。The insurance rate is 6%，Among them、Town Twenty -level finance gives 80%premium subsidy to the insured farmers，20%of farmers' self -contributions，When insurance rice did not pay compensation during the previous year's insurance liability，Treat rate adjustment coefficient drops to 0.9。In just five years，The rice income insurance reform in the area from scratch、From small to big、From weak to strong，OK in income、Information release、Insurance claims and other aspects have established a complete institutional system，provides valuable experience for the development of rice income insurance。

Take a comprehensive，Pilot work of crop income insurance is successfully carried out in my country，and achieve the expected effect，But there are still some practical problems，Urgently need to solve it as soon as possible。

　　bet365 Play online games The development of crop income insurance is inseparable from a mature futures market system。On the one hand，Futures market provides a means of decentralized price risk for insurance institutions。The impact of reducing the risk of paying losses on its own stable operation，Insurance institutions are usually underdeveloped，Selling for sale in the futures market，Reverse operations through the futures market，Pass the price compensation risk out，Lost loss caused by reducing output risks and price risk superposition。On the other hand，Futures market provides price indicators for income insurance。Mature price insurance and income insurance products can make full use of the price of the futures market，The price of the futures market for a long -term contract is the expected price，Used as a basis for setting insurance for insurance，to avoid the problem of reverse selection。and the development time of the Chinese futures market is shorter，There are fewer varieties of agricultural product futures and large transaction activity differences，It is difficult to support all crops' income insurance products。The author's research and development，The pilot area has tried to use the rice futures price of the Zhengzhou Commodity Futures Exchange during the pilot simulation operation.，However, because the market activity is too low，Causes insurance to overestimate the level of guarantee and underestimate market risks，Lead the price of insurance products unreasonable，to increase the excess compensation risk of insurance companies。

　　Second, the output and price internal stability mechanism is insufficient.Generally speaking，Under market -oriented conditions, agricultural product prices and output are negatively related。For the same crop，Price risk and output risk have an inherent hedging mechanism，Agricultural insurance also underwritten price risk and output risk，Theoretically smaller operating risk。and rice、Wheat and other main food crops，With a wide range of plantations、Great output、Multiple characteristics of business entities，Smaller yield fluctuations will not have a significant impact on national prices。Take rice as an example，Due to the strict monitoring of the government due to the rice market price，Although the minimum purchase price has reverse changes in rice planting area，But rice production and the minimum purchase price of the government do not have a significant negative correlation under market -oriented conditions，The inherent stability mechanism that caused rice output and price has not been effectively exerted。At this time，Commercial insurance institutions due to difficulty obtaining expected benefits，and the possibility of a large loss，The enthusiasm for the supply of rice income insurance is very low;，Local governments The risk of rice -based income insurance，Careful attitude during the expansion of the insurance pilot。This is an important reason for the current restriction of main grain crop income insurance promotion。

　　Finally, the fiscal subsidy mechanism is relatively single.Compared with cost insurance，higher level of protection for income insurance products，The rate is also higher，This means that the premium of income insurance is higher than cost insurance。New agricultural business entities due to limited payment，Need the government to give a higher level of premium subsidy，As a result, fiscal subsidy expenditure rises sharply，Local finances are in a "dilemma" situation。If the proportion of the original subsidy is not changed，Local governments will be difficult to afford large -scale premium subsidies，Insurance insurance cannot be promoted; if the proportion of premium subsidies is reduced，It may cause insufficient insurance participation，Can't reach the established inheritance scale。other，The scale of premium subsidy for a long time due to the long -term burden of local finances，Insurance insurance may be obtained from higher subsidies and "low price" traditional cost insurance squeezing insurance market。

In order to better promote crop income insurance, the replication and promotion of crop income insurance nationwide，Establish and improve crop income insurance system，It should be started from the following three aspects。First, vigorously develop agricultural futures market，Improve crop income Bet365 app download insurance pricing mechanism。Strengthen the construction of my country's agricultural futures market，Increase agricultural product futures transaction variety，Expand the transaction scale，Formulate a standardized market trading system，Provide a broader platform for the market -oriented transaction of agricultural products; while developing crop income insurance，Also choose mature agricultural futures products，Make it coordinated with crop income insurance，Improve the operating efficiency and protection level of crop income insurance。

Second is to improve the mechanism of divergence in the risk of agricultural disaster。At the market level，Explore the establishment of the agricultural disaster bond market，and packing the risk of the agricultural insurance market through the risk of the disaster risk securitization，Use the capital market to realize the dispersion and transfer of agricultural disaster risks。At the government level，Establish a multi -level policy agricultural reinsurance system covering the country as soon as possible，The reinsurance business at the central level and the provincial level can be extracted according to the agricultural added value of the agricultural added value of the year.，Relieve the pressure of compensation that insurance institutions may face。

Third, establish a multi -level financial support mechanism for crop income insurance。Take a variety of measures to improve the financial subsidy system: first，According to the category of crops，Incorporate the income insurance of the crops into the central and provincial financial subsidy directory，Establishing Central、Provincial level、The premium subsidy system for multi -level financial participation。2，Set multiple guarantees levels according to different guarantees，Then provide differentiated fiscal subsidies。third，Constructing premium subsidies for new agricultural business entities and subsidies bet365 live casino games for operating expenses for insurance companies、Two -way subsidy system with reinsurance support，Reduce the insurance burden of the insured，Improve the effective needs of crop insurance。

　　(Author Unit: School of Finance, Nanjing Agricultural University)