The Bohai Rim region occupy an important position in the development of my country's agricultural industry，Is food、Vegetable、livestock and poultry、The main production area of ​​agricultural products such as aquatic products，The total agricultural output value of 2019 accounted for 16.8%of the country。Agricultural production is boiled with water，Bohai Rim region as a typical water resources shortage area，Per capita water resource share is only 514 cubic meters，National average is far lower than 2089 cubic meters。The shortage of water resources directly affects agricultural development in the Bohai Rim region。Save、Protection and use of water resources，Focus on the development of water -saving agriculture，It is an important part of the sustainable development of agriculture in the Bohai Rim region。

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With the continuous development of the economy and society，Industrial and urban life water volume continues to increase，The contradiction between the supply and demand of agricultural production and water resources in the Bohai Rim region is increasing。Take 2018 as an example，Drought disasters and disasters in the Bohai Rim region are 18.516 million mu、43.58 million mu。Where，The area of ​​drought disasters in Liaoning Province, a large agricultural province is relatively large，Cainted large -scale production reduction of crops，Agricultural income suddenly decreases。Not only in the Bohai Rim region，Insufficient water supply supply nationwide has become an important bottleneck that affects agricultural development。As early as 2011，Central "Document No. 1" proposes to implement the most stringent water resources management system，Definted water for total water、Water efficiency and water bet365 live casino games functional area to limit the "three red lines"。2019，The National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Water Resources jointly issued the "National Water Conservation Action Plan"，Emphasize the strict implementation of the total amount of water and intensity of the intensity，Promote the development of water -saving agricultural。In the Bohai Rim region，Reasonable use of agricultural water resources，Improve the efficiency of the utilization of agricultural water，More targeted and practical。

In the water structure of the Bohai Rim region，The priority of water supply is industrial water、Life water、Agricultural water。Due to the limited total water resources，Priority guarantee industrial water and living water are constantly crowded with agricultural water，As a result, the proportion of agricultural water in the Bohai Rim region decreased from 68.9%in 2004 to 58.9%in 2018，Not only the national average of less than 61.4%，And present a trend of continuous decline。To meet the water demand for agricultural production，The phenomenon of super groundwater frequency，The development rate of water resources has exceeded 40%of sustainable critical level。Where，The development and utilization rate of water resources in Beijing -Tianjin -Hebei region exceeds 80%。The result is a significant decline in the groundwater level in the Bohai Rim region，Haihe River Basin has become the largest groundwater funnel area in my country。

Except for the use of water, it cannot be guaranteed，Agricultural water quality in the Bohai Rim region is also worrying。The agricultural production process of the Bohai Rim region is available in the production process of the Bohai Rim region、Excessive use of chemicals such as pesticides and agricultural membranes、Crop straw、The phenomenon of the recovery rate of livestock and poultry feces is not high，Causes serious agricultural face source pollution，exacerbated water pollution，Affects bet365 live casino games the quality of agricultural water。Shandong、Liaoning、Tianjin and other regions, the proportion of surface water in the water for agricultural water accounted for more than 50%，River runoff is the main source of surface water，The problem of river water pollution seriously affects the quality of agricultural production water。The inferior water after being polluted cannot be used，further exacerbated the shortage of agricultural water supply。Especially in recent years，Frequency of water resources severe pollution，Agricultural Water Wild Phenomenon in the Bohai Rim region occurs accompanied。

　　Agricultural Water Resources Utilization Mechanism needs to be improved

First，Agricultural water incentives and restraint mechanisms need to be improved。Due to the unclear relationship between agricultural water rights，Farmers' water -saving consciousness is not strong，The phenomenon of extensive agricultural water such as large water irrigation in the Bohai Rim region is generally existed。Discovered during field surveys，Many areas of the Bohai Rims are generally charged with water fees in the method of discharge and irrigation.。This approach is not conducive to cultivating farmers' water -saving consciousness and habits，Severe waste of agricultural irrigation water caused by agricultural irrigation。The effective use coefficient of agricultural irrigation water in my country is about 0.5，far below the average level of 0.8 in developed countries in the world，At the same time，my country's grain irrigation water productivity is only about 1 kg/cubic meter，and developed countries have exceeded 23 kg/cubic meter。Even more，The above indicators in the Bohai Rim region are still lower than the national average。

Next，The development of agricultural production water -saving technology is slow。In recent years，The agricultural irrigation area of ​​the Bohai Rim region continues to grow，The proportion of high -efficiency water -saving bet365 Play online games irrigation area accounted for the irrigation area increased from 22.79%to 51.7%。Although agricultural production water -saving technology supports the potential to support the development of modern agriculture, huge potential，But in the case of the promotion of water -saving technology and the actual use of farmers,，The characteristics of the crop need to be water、Farmers cognition、Farmers cognition、Technical adoption of cost and other uncertain factors，The actual adoption rate of agricultural production water -saving technology is urgent to increase。The phenomenon that farmers have discarded due to the fact that they have not achieved the expected effect after trying new technologies in the early stage of promotion，Agricultural production water -saving technology is developing innovation、Use、promotion and large -scale popularity are still difficult。

Last，Agricultural water recasting facilities are serious。Some irrigation areas aging facilities and years of engineering disrepair、Low operation effect，The phenomenon of evaporation and leakage of the dripping leakage and irrigation process of the water transmission process，It also affects the utilization rate of agricultural water resources。Among them, the deep reason is that the agricultural irrigation and arranging facilities have public product attributes，It has the "last mile" problem with its operating management and protection，The long -term mechanism of continuous investment in rural water conservancy facilities in public finance needs to be further improved。

　　Promoting the sustainable development of agriculture around the Bohai Rim

Facing the current status and problems of the use of agricultural water resources in the Bohai Rim region，To promote the high quality and sustainable development of agriculture in the Bohai Rim region，You need to increase your work in the following four aspects。

One must clarify agricultural water rights，Improve the water rights transaction system。Establishing agricultural water rights system is an important content of modern water resources management，Clarifying agricultural water rights bet365 Play online games Determination is the prerequisite for the role of the water resources market mechanism。Gradually expand the scope of the pilot scope of agricultural water rights transactions，Clarify the ownership of agricultural water、Standardized right to use，Establish a reward mechanism for agricultural water and water -saving，Promoting the development of the Farmers Water Association。Establish and improve rural water rights trading platform，Exploring the area、Form of water rights transactions between water farmers，to fully mobilize farmers' water -saving enthusiasm。Improving agricultural water price formation mechanism，Promoting the pilot reform of the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices，Classified and pricing according to the type of water consumption of different crops。

Second to promote agricultural water -saving technology，Improve the utilization rate of water resources。Water -saving irrigation is an important way to alleviate the current contradiction between the supply and demand of agricultural water resources。First，Promote micro -spray irrigation technology、osmotic irrigation technology、Channel anti -seepage technology、pipeline water recovery technology, etc.，Improve agricultural irrigation water efficiency。Second，Drawing on mature technology and experience at home and abroad，Develop and cultivate water -saving varieties and other biological water -saving technology，By increasing the planting of water -saving crops to reduce the amount of water use。Last，To fully stimulate the development of water -saving technology such as the government and enterprises、Standard design、The enthusiasm and sense of responsibility of product production and technology promotion，The guidance service level of strengthening the technical promotion service team，Greed up the channel for agricultural producers to obtain water resources，Targeted solving various problems faced by farmers in the process of water -saving technology。

Third, we must accelerate the comprehensive governance of agricultural facial Bet365 app download source pollution，Improve agricultural water quality and water volume。Water resources pollution in the Bohai Rim region is more serious，Against the pressure of agricultural water resources，restricts the sustainable agricultural development。To reduce the total amount of pollution from the source，Make sure water supply。Guide farmers to use chemical fertilizer through soil measurement formula，Use organic fertilizer to replace fertilizer and other methods to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency。Promoting green comprehensive prevention and control technology，Expand low toxic pesticides、Subsidies for biological pesticides。Subsidies through the recycling and utilization of waste galclatte，Promote the use of degradable agricultural membranes，Solve the contamination of farmland residual membranes。Promote the standardization of livestock and poultry breeding、Concentrated treatment and resource use of waste。

Fourth, strengthen the construction of rural water conservancy facilities，Promote agricultural development through water saving。Insufficient water conservancy facilities in some areas of the Bohai Rim region、Everbright facilities and other problems，It should be increased to the public financial investment for newly built and expanded rural water conservancy facilities。Actively build rainwater collection storage project，Packing and stochials in the savings area，After the corresponding treatment, it is used as agricultural water。At the same time，There are still problems with rich seawater resources but low utilization rates in the Bohai Rim region，should be actively promoted to the seawater desalination and utilization project，Improve regional agricultural freshwater resources supply capacity。By improving water conservancy facilities，Improve the utilization rate of water resources，Develop water -saving agriculture，Promoting agricultural production in the Bohai Rim region leaps to a new level。

　　(This article is the major project of the National Social Science Foundation "The Study on the Time and Space Matching and Optimization Path of Grain Production Water Resources in my country" (18zda074) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Economics Management, China Agricultural University)