Green New Deal is the development strategy of the EU in response to the economic recession and the crisis of climate change，Summarizing its policy focus and implementation path，For the formulation of carbon Dafeng carbon neutralization,、Pushing the green transformation of economic and social greenness has a reference meaning。

"Green New Deal" originally originated in an English report released by the "Green New Deal Group" (GNDG) in July 2008，This report advocates responding to the global financial crisis from the perspective of strengthening environmental protection。December of the same year，To stimulate economic recovery and respond to climate change，The then Secretary -General of the United Nations Ban Jiwen advocated the implementation of the green policy of various countries at the United Nations Climate Change Conference，Changing economic development method。and the European Union proposed and implemented the new green policy is mainly divided into two stages: the first stage is after the outbreak of the global financial crisis in 2008，Countries of various countries put forward green stimulus policies for the financial crisis and climate change，and a series of laws and regulations was introduced; the second stage was December 2019 that the European Commission released the European Green Deal (EUROPEAN GRREEN Deal)，plus the global popularity of the new crown pneumonia epidemic since 2020，A new round of economic stimulus plans are proposed to stimulate economic recovery and respond to climate change。

Compared with the previous stage，The second stage of the green policy eliminates the emphasis on national bet365 best casino games power、Technical and institutional support、Global Climate Governance and Climate Diplomacy，It also improved the greenhouse gas emission reduction target on the basis of the original target，Requirement to 2030 The temperature room gas emissions decreased by 55%compared with 1990，and plan to achieve carbon neutralization in 2050，Show some new features at the same time。First, under the change of new generation of information technology and industrial changes，Emphasize the coordination of the green economy and the digital economy。After the epidemic in the new crown pneumonia，All countries have introduced the economic stimulus plan，Digital economy and green economy become two pillars。"European Green New Deal" is clearly proposed，Fully tap the potential of digital transformation，Make artificial intelligence、5g、cloud plan and edge computing and the Internet of Things digital technology，Industrial decontamination in the EU、Green Finance、Technology R & D、Carbon trading system, etc., play an important role in the policy of responding to climate change and environmental protection。Digital economy will obtain ecological environment information，Timely predicting environmental pollution incidents and changes in ecosystems，Help ecological environmental protection，You can also improve energy use efficiency、Promoting new energy development and use, etc.，Reduce raw material consumption and reduce carbon emissions，To promote the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development。

Second, the carbon emission reduction roadmap is developed in the field，Clear funding channels and guarantee measures。"European Green New Deal" runs the main green line to transportation、bet365 best casino games Architecture、Agriculture、Industry、Infrastructure、Energy、Environmental pollution prevention、Biological diversity and other fields，From time to space to formulate emission reduction routes，Comprehensive use legislation、Policy、Finance、Carbon market and other ways，A comprehensive deployment of the EU green transformation。A comprehensive deployment of the EU green transformation，EU based on the new green policy，Further released the "Sustainable European Investment Plan"，Clarified the implementation of green special investment、Budget for climate change project、European Investment Bank transitions into the source of funds for climate banks and other departments，and encourage private investment to flow to the green industry。At the same time，In order to ensure the economic and social transformation of various countries，"European Green New Deal" also from research and development innovation、Talent training、International cooperation and public participation propose specific measures。For example，More than 35%of the "Horizon Europe" project is used to study climate change，Actively carry out green transformation education and training，Strengthen climate cooperation with other economies。

Third, green technology is wider，Marketization mechanism is more prominent。Green technology under the early green policy，It is limited to improvement of renewable energy and traditional energy。The current green policy and green stimulus policy，Expand green technology to all technologies that cope with climate change，Including nuclear energy、Carbon capture and storage、Waste Management、non -toxic materials, etc.，Technical types are more extensive。Another，Early green new policy marketization mechanism bet365 live casino games is mainly carbon fixed price and transaction，The scope of carbon pricing and transactions today not only expands to the new industry，"Natural Resources" (Ecological System Services) also requires pricing，Climate taxes have become a focus of the New Deal。According to the requirements of the new policy，EU will cancel subsidies to fossil energy，Improve the current energy tax minimum tax rate，Cancel the air transport、tax exemption from the sea transportation department，To promote the restart of energy tax reform。

but，Due to the energy structure of different economies、There are large differences in the industrial structure, etc.，Green New Deal has also caused controversy within the European Union。Poland、Hungarian and Czech Republic and other fossil energy dependence on the Central and Eastern European economies clearly resist the policy，I think the energy transformation cost is too high，Call for the EU to consider the differences between economies when formulating policies。Another，Whether nuclear energy belongs to clean energy is also one of the controversy。Due to the harmless treatment of nuclear waste, it has not been completely solved，Germany and other countries do not support incorporating nuclear energy into clean energy。Green New Deal is more vague in measures in economic green transformation and fairness，The employment and social problems of those member states that seriously depend on fossil energy，It is also a focus of attention from the international community。

Generally speaking，Carbon Dafeng、Carbon neutralization is a complex、Long -term、Systemic and global work，Target tasks need to be scientifically deployed、Strengthen the top -level design，Avoid "sports emission reduction"。EU Green New Deal can better handle bet365 live casino games development and emission reduction、Overall and local、Short and medium -term relationships，Have important reference meaning。

First，Give full play to the overall power of the country，Construct a modern environmental governance system。Environmental problems are typical external problems in economic theory，"Public Land Tragedy" and "Stupid Cars"、High transaction costs。Among them, environmental pollution is negative，Green Technology Innovation has the "dual external nature" of technology and environment。The attributes of environmental problems determine that you cannot just rely on market forces to solve environmental problems，Intervention of national power。Especially when the development of green economy becomes a new measure of development strategy、In the case of seizing green technology innovation highland，Green Technology R & D and Green Economic Development must pay attention to the overall power of the country，Give full play to the national system advantage，Participate in all sectors of society，Promote green technology self -reliance。At the same time，By constructing a modern environmental governance system，Clear government、Enterprise、Social Organization、The responsibility and basis of the main body of the public，From a global view、Systematic viewing and layout of comprehensive green transformation of economic and social。

Second，Follow the comparative advantage strategy，Clarifying the key direction of the new green policy。Green Low -Carbon Economy involves electricity、Traffic、Architecture、Metallurgy、Chemical、Petrochemical and other departments，and in renewable energy、Resource cleaning and efficient use、New technologies for effective control of greenhouse gas emissions in the fields of carbon dioxide capture and storage。bet365 best casino games The British government specifically allocates budget support for key companies to deal with climate change，These key companies come from industries and regions with competitive and comparative advantages in the UK，Including sea wind power at sea、Hydropower、Carbon capture and storage，to ensure that Britain is carbon capture、New technological fields such as clean coal are leading positions。The United States strives to use advanced technology advantages，Promote its green technology to the world、Standards and Products，The commanding height of occupying the global green economy。other，French nuclear energy、Solar energy in Germany、Brazil's biological energy is the advantages of the country's green economy，It is also the key development direction of the green policy of these countries。

third，Technical and institutional Innovation two -wheel drive，Comprehensive green transformation of the economy and society。Western countries are carbon capture、Clean Energy、Industrial Intelligent Manufacturing、Robot、Maintaining the leading advantage in the green technology fields such as new energy vehicles。Considering the innovative technology route can be divided into technology introduction and original innovation，Research in R & D can be divided into basic research and application research。According to comparative advantages and cutting -edge technical distance，divided the industry as a catch -up industry、Lead -leading industry、Rotary formation industry、Curidal Super Outlet Industry and Strategic Industry，You can determine the green technology innovation route and the allocation of innovative resources。Another，EU Green New Deal fully demonstrated legislative leadership、Policy support、bet365 best casino games The importance of the top -level design。Therefore，Should make full use of strategic planning、Legislation、Action Plan、Policy transmits signals to the market，and clarify policy formulation、Revisory or implementation time，To form a good policy orientation and force mechanism。

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(Author Unit: Institute of Quantitative Economics and Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)