2018 Nobel Prize winner、Professor Nordhaus, a professor of economics at Yale University, has proposed a fair issue on the development of environmental economy and low -carbon，That is to deal with climate change，Why should the current "poor" pay for the "rich" in the future? This "question of Nordhaus" about climate change，The earliest from his academic debate with Dr. Stan, the former chief economist of the World Bank in 2007 -in the path of climate change，Whether to choose a "higher" discount rate (sacrifice the benefits of contemporary society to meet the needs of future social development)，Still "lower" discount rate (to meet the needs of future society on the basis of ensuring the income of contemporary society)。Professor of Nordhaus insist on thinking，Human beings should balance the relationship between economic development and climate change，Select a moderate、It is enough to take into account the low -carbon development of economic growth and climate environmental protection。That is to say，In terms of factors such as "discount rates" related to market resource allocation and distribution，It should be set "moderate" instead of "radical" carbon reduction level。From the perspective of wealth scale，Under the Bet365 app download basic assumptions of the global economy's steady growth，"Contemporary Society", which is relatively backward in development, overwhelmed the scale and quality of the "future society" to pay climate change in the "contemporary society", which is relatively backward.。

Although there is any question of the answer from Professor Nordhaus，But you can see from it，The "Nordhaus Question" of climate change is actually related to the "common prosperity" problem in different space -time dimensions in the low -carbon development process of human society。The moment when the climate crisis intensifies，Dafeng with carbon、Zero carbon development with carbon neutralization，It has inevitably generated various "wealth effects" in multiple fields。Current，my country's solid promotion of common prosperity，It is also required to be in all aspects and processes of socio -economic development，Coordinate the relationship between economic development and fair distribution。and zero carbon development has both the connotation of "wealth"，That is, through comprehensive green transformation，Preventing the risk of climate environmental changes，Improve the quality of socio -economic development; there are also demands on "distribution"，Green and low -carbon transformation process must have different groups of benefits and re -distribution。So，Zero carbon development must take into account the big "cake" (efficiency) and "cake" (fair)，As Bet365 lotto review a result，It is possible to promote the realization of common wealth goals。

The efficiency and fairness of zero carbon development，There are two main meanings。One，Whether in the sense of space，Still in the sense of time，Zero -carbon development must solve the problem of macro resource mismatch from the efficiency level;，zero carbon development itself may bring potential fair problems，It is necessary to correct it through the distribution policy。"Nordhaus Questions" of climate change and the academic debate of the two climate change economists, Nordhaus and Sterne,，The efficiency and fairness of the development of zero carbon，The latter is more likely to be ignored to some extent，This requires a comprehensive analysis and discussion around "question of Nordhaus"。

From the perspective of time dimension，The core of the efficiency and fairness of zero carbon development，How to re -define "Fortune"。Actually，Under the development trend of green low -carbon transformation，The "wealth" metering standards and methods in the traditional sense are undergoing fundamental change。The cornerstone of "Nordhaus question" is the wealth allocation in time dimension，If the traditional GDP accounting method，Under the promotion of scientific and technological progress，The scale of wealth in the future society will far exceed contemporary society。But the cost of the climate crisis lies in，It may not directly destroy the various "wealth" bet365 Play online games measured by currency in reality，Instead, first destroy human survival home -natural ecological environment，GDP and other wealth will be "not worth" at this time。That's for this，With people's understanding of the climate crisis, it continues to deepen，The "outlook on wealth" in the future of human society will definitely be integrated with physical value and ecological environment value，Measure the scale of wealth with the standards and methods of comprehensive value，"Ecological Product Value Accounting" piloted by various parts of China is an example。Important wealth contribution based on the ecological environment，In the future, society may not be "richer" than contemporary society，This point also changed the key prerequisite for "Nordhaus Questions"，The investment of contemporary society when dealing with climate change is no longer a "unfair fair" choice，Instead, it is the correct move to realize the fair generation of environmental generation。

From the perspective of space dimension，The core of the efficiency and fairness of zero carbon development，lies in distinguishing "one -time allocation" and "re -distribution"。The concepts such as "rich people" and "poor people" mentioned by "Nordhaus question"，In fact, it implies Professor Nordhaus's concerns about the problem of spatial dimension distribution，that is, the development of zero carbon finally evolved into the distribution of "the poor to the rich"。In fact，Once all kinds of green and low -carbon bet365 best casino games development policies formulate improperly，It may cause this reverse effect，Then it is not conducive to zero carbon development。For example，Unreasonable allocation of carbon emissions between regions，It may bring mismatches of carbon emission resources。In order to avoid unbagent distribution of zero carbon development，Professor Nordhaus once again emphasized the importance of efficiency。Zero Carbon Development Fairness in Space Dimensions，It needs to be solved by its final distribution result。From this，The "one -time allocation" of zero carbon development focuses on high efficiency，"Secondary Distribution" aims to achieve fairness。zero -carbon development process is indeed possible，But you can use effective measures and policy arrangements，Fairness and justice of the final result。

other，The efficiency and fairness of zero carbon development also has a very important and necessary dimension for the problem of fairness，"Autonomous Contribution" dimension。This is the deepest connotation of "Nordhaus's question"，It is also the fundamental problem that is related to the sustainability of zero carbon development。Considering various subjective and objective conditions，Efficiency rules and fair regulations in zero carbon development cannot effectively restrain all carbon emissions behaviors。To solve this problem，The trend of "voluntary emission reduction" has appeared in the international community in the past bet365 live casino games 20 years，Some countries、Institutions and enterprises actively set the principles and goals of high emission reduction for themselves。For example，The principle of "national independent contribution" proposed by the "Paris Agreement" in response to climate change，and the "responsible investment" principle of financial institutions advocating green low -carbon investment behavior。Although these independent contribution emission reduction behaviors are still in an efficient calculation system and fair formal regulation framework，"Autonomous Selection" just taken to achieve zero -carbon development goals，But objectively made up for the lack of market allocation resource mechanism and the government tax adjustment mechanism，Fair distribution of helping to achieve zero carbon development。

"Nordhaus Question" was proposed more than ten years ago，But look at the moment，With carbon peaks in various countries、Carbon neutralization promises have been proposed and executed one after another，Its influence still cannot be underestimated。In the process of promoting zero carbon development，How to better take care of efficiency and fairness，It is a theoretical proposition that needs to be studied in depth，It also has practical guiding significance for meeting the needs of the people's beautiful life。

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