In recent years，China’s service bet365 joining bonus code development has attracted global attention。"China Services bet365 joining bonus code Development Report 2020" shows，China’s service bet365 joining bonus code scale ranks second in the world for seven consecutive years，The status of the second largest country in global services bet365 joining bonus code continues to consolidate。With the continuous improvement of its own economic strength，The international division of labor in which China participates will gradually shift from vertical division of labor to horizontal division of labor，In addition, the global value chain is increasingly service-oriented，In the future, service bet365 joining bonus code will enter a new stage of high-quality development。my country’s “Government Work Report” for 2022 is proposed，We need to “innovate and develop service bet365 joining bonus code、Digital bet365 joining bonus code，Promote the implementation of the negative list for cross-border bet365 joining bonus code in services”，Indicate a new strategic direction for promoting the transformation and upgrading of service bet365 joining bonus code。

　　The development of my country’s service bet365 joining bonus code has distinctive characteristics

The second half of the 20th century，With transportation technology、The development and transformation of information and communication technology，And the reduction of barriers to factor mobility between countries，The tradable characteristics of services that are traditionally considered non-tradable are increasing，Cross-border transaction costs continue to decrease。Countries are deeply embedded in global value chains，Not only brings explosive growth in commodity bet365 joining bonus code，Also makes it knowledge intensive、Technology-intensive and human capital-intensive service bet365 joining bonus code，Gradually becoming one of the main forces promoting economic globalization。

Over the past 20 years，The development of my country’s service bet365 joining bonus code has very distinctive comprehensive characteristics and structural characteristics。First，Late start but fast growth。2000，China’s service bet365 joining bonus code scale is 71.2 billion yuan，Only 1 for bet365 joining bonus code in goods.8%；And by 2021，This scale has reached 5.2982 billion yuan，Enlarged by 74 times，Achieved a qualitative leap。Second，Large development scale，But the level of development needs to be improved。Currently，China’s total services bet365 joining bonus code accounts for about 7% of the world’s total services bet365 joining bonus code，However, the core competitiveness of service bet365 joining bonus code not only lags behind that of developed countries，Not at an advantage compared with emerging economies such as India。China’s bet365 joining bonus code in services has been in deficit for a long time，The export content is mainly traditional labor-intensive services，The proportion of knowledge-intensive service exports in 2021 has not yet reached 50%。India’s bet365 joining bonus code in services has continued to be in surplus since 2004，High value-added knowledge-intensive services account for more than 60%，Outstanding export competitiveness。Third，Unbalanced development structure。The first is the uneven development relative to goods bet365 joining bonus code。2021，The total import and export volume of China’s service bet365 joining bonus code is only 12% of the total goods bet365 joining bonus code。China’s bet365 joining bonus code in goods has always been a surplus，And service bet365 joining bonus code has always been a deficit，There is an expanding trend。The second is the imbalance of the internal structure。Traditional service bet365 joining bonus code accounts for a relatively high proportion，The proportion of knowledge-intensive emerging service bet365 joining bonus code is relatively low。Traditional service bet365 joining bonus code accounts for the dominant position in service import and export，It is also the largest source of service bet365 joining bonus code deficit。However，Emerging knowledge-intensive service bet365 joining bonus code such as business services、Telecom、Computer and information services account for a small proportion，But it has developed rapidly in recent years，Some projects often have surpluses。

Since 2018 to present，Due to the Sino-US bet365 joining bonus code dispute and the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic，The development of China’s service bet365 joining bonus code has ushered in a special period。First，Compare the continued recovery of bet365 joining bonus code in goods，Service bet365 joining bonus code has been greatly affected by the epidemic，The scale is still lower than the pre-epidemic level。Blockades and movement restrictions in various countries have broken global supply chains、Factor costs continue to rise，Having an impact on world bet365 joining bonus code in services。Second，Traditional service bet365 joining bonus code transactions rely on the flow of people，The biggest impact，However, the scale of digital service bet365 joining bonus code that can be traded online is rising against the trend。From a model perspective，The epidemic has impacted overseas consumption、Commercial presence、Service bet365 joining bonus code in the three modes of movement of natural persons，Service bet365 joining bonus code in cross-border delivery mode will be less affected。Third，The deficit in bet365 joining bonus code in services has narrowed。From China’s monthly data，The scale of service exports has not changed much，And since February 2020，Imports of travel services dropped sharply，The scale of service imports has shrunk significantly，The deficit gap narrowed。

　　Multiple reasons restrict the development of service bet365 joining bonus code

The development of China’s service bet365 joining bonus code lags behind、The current situation of large deficit，It is determined by China’s current development stage and the characteristics of joining the global value chain division of labor。Knowledge of developed countries、Funds、Human capital and other factors are relatively abundant，China as a developing country，Labor costs are relatively low，So export labor-intensive services，Import knowledge and capital-intensive services from developed countries。Characteristics of China being embedded in the low-end global value chain dominated by developed countries for international OEMs，Intensified demand for service imports。On the one hand, the export of goods increased，On the other hand, investment in high value-added services at both ends of the global value chain，such as knowledge、Increasing reliance on technology，Service imports also increased。Therefore，China’s service bet365 joining bonus code deficit will not only exist for a long time，It may also increase as one’s own economic strength increases、Continuous expansion due to industrial transformation and upgrading。

Another important reason for the lagging development of service bet365 joining bonus code is the lagging opening up of the service industry。Insufficient openness，Not only makes the development of service bet365 joining bonus code unbalanced relative to goods bet365 joining bonus code，It also makes the internal structure of service bet365 joining bonus code unbalanced。Looking at it as a whole，China’s manufacturing industry opened up earlier、Higher degree of openness，Therefore, there is sufficient competition in the manufacturing industry、Obvious advantages in exporting goods；The opening up of the service industry lags behind the manufacturing industry、Low openness，Therefore, competition in the service industry is insufficient、Insufficient advantages in service export。It is not difficult to find from the service bet365 joining bonus code restriction index and service industry FDI restriction index released by OECD，With export advantages、Some commercial services that are developing rapidly、Computer and Information Services、Architecture and engineering services, etc.，It is precisely the degree of openness that is higher、Service areas with fewer restrictions on FDI；The export scale is smaller、Slowly developing cultural and entertainment services、Insurance、Transportation, etc.，It’s just the lack of openness、Fields with more restrictions on FDI。

In addition，Deficit in traditional services bet365 joining bonus code，It is the result of the improvement of China’s economic status and per capita income level。The largest deficit area in China’s bet365 joining bonus code in services is travel services。Travel service bet365 joining bonus code is not only reflected in tourism，Also includes studying abroad、Medical、Goods and services purchased while working。With the improvement of residents’ per capita income and living standards，The relative price of overseas travel has dropped，Residents’ demand for outbound travel continues to rise，As a result, the growth rate of my country’s outbound travel is much higher than the growth rate of inbound travel。

　　China’s bet365 joining bonus code in services development welcomes new opportunities

Although the new crown pneumonia epidemic has seriously affected traditional service bet365 joining bonus code that relies on cross-border movement of people，But it also brings new opportunities to the development of China’s emerging services bet365 joining bonus code，Promote the transformation of the service bet365 joining bonus code structure toward a high value-added direction。On the one hand，The epidemic has changed consumers’ consumption habits and daily behaviors，Face-to-face service consumption has moved online，Directly promotes online shopping、Distance Education、Remote conference、Online office、Short video、The rapid development of new formats such as live streaming。On the other hand，The epidemic has given an opportunity for reform in the traditional service bet365 joining bonus code field。In order to resist the impact of the epidemic，Many traditional service industries are forced to undergo informatization、Digital upgrading，Improved tradability。Digitalization and networking have greatly expanded the boundaries of service bet365 joining bonus code，Improving the efficiency of service bet365 joining bonus code。At the same time，Relying on the construction of a unified domestic market，Different types of service bet365 joining bonus code fields will achieve rapid growth。

It is worth mentioning，bet365 joining bonus code friction will not change the overall competitiveness and development trend of China’s emerging services bet365 joining bonus code。First, China-US bet365 joining bonus code in services is highly complementary at this stage。China has a relatively low-cost professional talent pool，Develop knowledge-intensive service outsourcing with the advantage of low labor costs，For example, the rapid development of pharmaceutical R&D outsourcing in recent years，In fact, it takes over the high end of the value chain、The relatively labor-intensive part of the knowledge-intensive R&D process。The United States creates "stuck" obstacles in China's service bet365 joining bonus code，Aims at a relatively small number of core technologies and personnel，Service bet365 joining bonus code that does not involve a large proportion of general links。Second, one of the main means of bet365 joining bonus code friction is tariffs，The main impact is the bet365 joining bonus code in goods，Service is intangible due to its intangible characteristics，Only sensitive to invisible non-tariff barriers，So since 2018，In addition to Chinese companies’ investment in the United States being restricted by relevant control measures，China’s total bet365 joining bonus code in services has not declined significantly。

　In the long run，Promoting opening up focusing on service bet365 joining bonus code is the general trend。From the perspective of opening steps，Only in the domestic market can competition be sufficient、When the maturity level is higher，Only when the service industry is open to the outside world can it have strong competitiveness and resilience。If the service industry is not fully open to the outside world，Open directly to the outside world，Maybe due to lack of system、Market preparation，Risks caused by inability to cope with fierce competition in the international market。From the perspective of open industries，According to the development status of the industry，Focus on institutional opening，Develop targeted opening strategies。For some competitive advantages、Service industry with a higher degree of openness，Such as computer and information services industry，While encouraging Chinese companies to compete fairly with foreign companies，Accelerate the improvement of technology、Standards and other system construction，Strive to eliminate institutional obstacles for Chinese enterprises to “go out” and foreign enterprises to “bring in”，Support Chinese companies to actively explore overseas markets；Weaker competitive advantage for some、The service industry with low openness，such as professional technical services、Cultural and entertainment services, etc.，Due to vulnerability to the impact of opening up，Need to protect intellectual property rights、Market access、Continue to optimize the legal and regulatory system in terms of personnel mobility，Nurture and protect the innovation capabilities of service bet365 joining bonus code enterprises。

　　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund General Project "Research on the Embedded Behavior of Chinese Enterprises and Service bet365 joining bonus code Upgrading from the Perspective of Global Innovation Chain" (21BJL138)

(Author’s affiliation: School of Government, Nanjing University)