In recent years，China's service trade development achieves global attention。"China Service Trade Development Report 2020" shows，China's service trade scale has ranked second in the world for seven consecutive years，The second largest country in the global service trade is constantly consolidating。With its own economic strength, it continues to improve，The international division of labor participating in China will gradually shift from vertical division of labor to horizontal division of labor，In addition, the degree of serviceization of global value chain is increasing，Future service trade will enter a new stage of high -quality development。2022 my country's "Government Work Report" proposed，"Innovative development of service trade、Digital trade，Promote the implementation of the negative list of cross -border service trade "，To indicate the new strategic direction for promoting the transformation and upgrading of service trade。

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In the second half of the 20th century，With transportation technology、Development and change of information and communication technology，and decrease in factor mobo dysfunction between the country，In the traditional sense, the trade characteristics of the service industry that are not available for trade are continuously enhanced，Cross -border transaction costs continue to decrease。Deeply embedded global value chain in various countries，Not only does the explosive growth of commodity trade，It also makes the knowledge dense type、Technical dense and human capital -intensive service trade，Gradually become one of the main forces that promote economic globalization。

Over the past 20 years，my country's service trade development has very distinctive comprehensive characteristics Bet365 app download and structural characteristics。First，Late starting but fast growth。2000，China's service trade scale is 71.2 billion yuan，Only 1.8%of the goods trade; and 2021，This scale has reached 5298.2 billion yuan，Expansion of 74 times more，Realized a qualitative leap。2，Large development scale，But the level of development needs to be improved。Current，China's total service trade has accounted for about 7%of the world's total service trade，But the core competitiveness of serving trade is not only a big gap with developed countries，Compared with the emerging economy, such as India, it does not dominate。China's service trade has long -term deficit status，Export content is mainly traditional labor -intensive services，The proportion of knowledge -intensive service exports in 2021 has not yet reached 50%。and Indian service trade has continued to surplus since 2004，High -value -added knowledge -intensive services accounted for more than 60%，Export competitiveness outstanding。third，Uneyscious development structure。First is the unevenness of the development of goods trade。2021，The total import and export of China's service trade only includes 12%of the total amount of goods trade。Chinese cargo trade has always been a surplus，Service trade not only has always been a deficit，There is also a trend of continuous expansion。Followed by an unbalanced internal structure。Traditional service trade accounted for higher，Knowledge -intensive emerging service trade proportion is low。Traditional service trade accounts for the advantageous position of service import and export，It is also the biggest source of service trade deficit。but but，Emerging knowledge -intensive service trade such as business services、Telecom、Computer and information services are not high，But in recent years, the momentum has developed rapidly，Some projects often occur。

Since 2018 to the present，Due to Sino -US trade dispute overlay the global Bet365 app download influence of the new crown pneumonia，China's service trade development has ushered in a special period。First，Comparison of cargo trade that is continuously recovering，Services and trade affords are greatly affected，The scale is still lower than the level before the epidemic。Blocking and flow restrictions from various countries make the global supply chain break、The cost of factor continues to rise，It has caused impact on the world service trade。2，Traditional service trade transactions depend on personnel flow，The biggest impact，But the digital service scale that can be traded online is rising against the trend。From a mode perspective，The epidemic has impacted overseas consumption、Commercial existence、Service trade of the three modes of nature flow，and the service trade of the cross -border delivery model is less affected。third，The service trade deficit has shrunk。Look at the monthly data of China，The service export scale has not changed much，and since February 2020，Travel service imports have dropped sharply，The scale of service imports is significantly shrinking，The deficit gap thus narrowed。

　　Multiple reasons to restrict service trade development

China's service trade development lag、Status with a large deficit，It is determined by the current development stage of China and the characteristics of joining the global value chain division of labor。Knowledge of developed countries、Funds、Human capital and other elements are more abundant，China as a developing country，The cost of labor is relatively low，Therefore, export labor dense service，Knowledge and capital -intensive service of imported countries。China's embedded global value chain in developed countries is characterized by international foundry for international foundry，It has strengthened the demand for service imports。On the one hand, the export of goods increases，On the other hand, high value bet365 live casino games -added service investment at both ends of the global value chain，such as knowledge、The dependence of technology continues to increase，Service imports also increased with this。Therefore，China's service trade deficit will not only exist for a long time，It is also possible to increase with your own economic strength、Industrial transformation and upgrading and continuously expand。

Another important reason for the lag of service trade development is the lag of the service industry open。Insufficient open，Not only does the development of service trade relative to the development of the cargo trade uneven，It also makes the internal structure of the service trade uneven。From the overall perspective，China's manufacturing industry earlier、Higher openness，Therefore, the manufacturing industry competition is sufficient、The export advantage of the goods is obvious; the service industry is open to manufacturing、Low openness，Insufficient service industry competition、Insufficient service export advantages。The service trade limit index and service industry FDI limit index released from OECD are not difficult to find in the FDI limit index，With export advantages、Some business services that develop faster、Computer and information service、Construction and engineering services, etc.，It is high level of opening、Service areas with less restrictions on FDI; and smaller export scale、Slowly developing cultural and entertainment services、Insurance、Transportation, etc.，It is inadequate openness、Fields with more restrictions on FDI。

other，A deficit in the field of traditional service trade，It is the result of China's economic status and increased per capita income。The biggest deficit in the service trade in China is travel service。Travel service trade is not only manifested as travel，It also includes study abroad、Medical、The goods and services purchased during the work period。With the increase in the bet365 best casino games per capita income and living standards of residents，A decline in relative prices of overseas travel，The outbound demand of residents continues to rise，As a result, the growth rate of my country's outbound travel is much higher than the growth rate of entry travel。

　　China's service trade development ushered in new opportunities

Although the epidemic of new crown pneumonia seriously affects the traditional service trade of cross -border flow of dependent personnel，But it also brings new opportunities to China's emerging service trade development，Promoting the direction of the service trade structure towards high value -added。On the one hand，The epidemic changes consumer consumption habits and daily behaviors，Face -to -face service consumption causes to online，directly promoted online shopping、Remote Education、Online office、Online office、Short video、The rapid development of new formats such as live broadcast。On the other hand，Opportunities for the field of traditional service trade。To resist the impact of the epidemic，Many traditional service industries have been forced to perform informationization、Digital upgrade and transformation，improved tradeability。Digital and networked has greatly expanded the boundary of service trade，Improving the efficiency of service trade。At the same time，Relying on the construction of a large domestic unified market，Different types of service trade areas will achieve rapid growth。

It is worth mentioning is，Trade friction will not change the overall competitiveness and development of China's emerging service trade。First, the complementive complement of Sino -US service trade at this stage。China has a relatively low price professional team，Develop knowledge -intensive service outsourcing with the advantages of low labor cost，If the pharmaceutical research and development outsourced outsourced outsourcing in these years，In fact, it is the high -end value chain、The relatively dense bet365 best casino games labor parts in the intensive research and development link。The United States creates a "card neck" obstacle in the field of service trade in China，Aimed at the core technology and personnel who account for less，does not involve a relatively large general link service trade。The second is one of the main means of trade friction is tariffs，It is mainly affected by cargo trade，Services due to intangible characteristics，Only sensitive to invisible non -tariff barriers，Therefore, since 2018，In addition to Chinese companies' investment in the United States, it is limited by relevant control measures，China's total service trade has not fallen significantly。

From the long term，The development of promoting the focus of service trade is the general trend。From the perspective of open steps，Only competition in the domestic market、When the maturity is higher，The service industry is open to the outside world to have strong competitiveness and toughness。If the service industry is not fully opened internally，Open it directly，It may be due to the lack of system、Market preparation，Risks that cannot respond to the fierce competition in the international market。Looking at the open industry，It can be based on the industry's own development status，Focusing on institutional openness，Formulate an open strategy in a targeted manner。Stronger competitive advantage、Service Industry with a higher degree of openness，If the computer and information service industry，While encouraging Chinese enterprises and foreign companies to compete fairly，Accelerate the improvement technology、Standard and other series of system construction，Efforts to eliminate the institutional obstacles of Chinese enterprises' "going global" and "introduction" of foreign companies，Support Chinese companies to actively develop overseas markets; weaker competitive advantages、Service Industry with a low degree of openness，If professional technical bet365 Play online games services、Culture and entertainment services, etc.，Due to being susceptible to open impact，Need to protect intellectual property rights、Market access、Personal flow and other aspects continue to optimize the laws and regulations，Cultivate and protect the own innovation ability of trading companies。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Fund general project "Research on the Embedded Behavior and Service Trade Upgrade of Chinese Enterprises Under the Corner of the Global Innovation Chain" (21bjl138) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of Government Management of Nanjing University)