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"Speech at the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium" (hereinafter referred to as the "Speech")，The research on it is already an important issue in the history of New China，It rules the order and principles of the following decades of literary and artistic policy。"Jiefang Daily" published on November 8, 1943 published the "Decision on Implementation of the Party's Literary Policy"，pointed out: "Comrade Mao Zedong's" Speech at the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium "，It stipulates that the party's basic policy for the current Chinese literature and art movement ... The entire party's literary and art workers should study and implement the instructions of this file。”

The content of the "Speaking" involves the following aspects.

One is the problem of literary service objects。Mao Zedong made a clear explanation: our literature and art，is for work、Agriculture、Bing Volkswagen and urban petty bourgeoisiers and intellectuals:，They are the most vast people，is the object of our literary and artistic services，It is also the core question，This question is clear，Other problems will be true。

The second is the issue of political standards and art standards。Mao Zedong said: "There are two standards for literary bet365 Play online games criticism，One is political standard，One is art standard。"" Speaking "familiar words:" Our requirements are ... the political content of the revolution and the unity of the perfect art form as possible。Artwork lacking artistic，No matter how politically progress，There is no power。So，We are both a artwork that opposes the wrong political views，It also opposes the so -called ‘slogan slogan” tendency of only the correct political point without artistic power。"This reflects some law of artistic creation。

Three is about the problem of popularization and improvement。Mao Zedong looked at this with dialectical concepts: "Our improvement，It is an improvement on the basis of popularization; our popularity，It is improving the popularity under the guidance。"and make a deep analysis。The actual situation in the border area is，The people of workers, peasants and soldiers are oppressed due to long -term exploitation class，Cultural minimum literal，Urgent need to culturally popularize and enlighten them。If our literature and art make the people not understand how to "unite the people，Strike the enemy "to achieve the final victory? This is a profound discourse in a politician's language，The question of whom is clear，How to popularize、How to improve it will have the direction and standard。

Fourth is the problem of praise and exposure。Mao Zedong pointed out: "Praise the bourgeois -class light.，Describe Bet365 lotto review the bourgeoisie of the dark, the work may not be small，Praise the proletarian light, the work may not be great，Describe the so -called 'darkness' of the proletariat.。"When do we understand the question of whom the literature and art serve，Who is praising、If you are exposed, you will be clear。

other，"Speaking" also talked about the world view of the writer、Literature and Politics、Life relationship、content and form of content and form, how to treat cultural heritage inheritance and critical issues，and formally express the content of the work, peasants and soldiers、The form of national taste in form is determined to be the direction of the literary development direction of the liberated area and fully demonstrate the political significance of this transformation。The literary and artistic tradition of the ethnic culture of the liberated area，Avoid the road of westernization completely，Make the new regime literary narrative contains a clear awareness of national country development，So as to national independence。

"Speaking" after publishing，Yan'an's intellectuals began to consciously put their vision into the life that expresses the thinking of workers, peasants and soldiers,，A group of people like to see and see、Excellent works with national colors。

Writer Xu Yanyong believes，Art form in Europe and the United States，Although they also have their strengths，It may also be liked by some small citizens，But it is difficult to get Bet365 app download used to most people including farmers。Poet Ko Zhongping's Star Troupe of Shaanxi -Gansu -Ningbian District has long been deeply penetrated into the grass -roots tour in a concise and popular form，It is the practitioner of Mao Zedong's literary thoughts。He often has a big book in his performance.，National Form，Workers and Peasants Volkswagen，Praise and see "; Xialian" understands the world，Realize it as much as possible，Have a laugh，Red Fire and lively "; horizontal batch:" Unity of the Anti -Japanese War "。Represents the goal pursued by the art fields of Yan'an。

Writer Zhao Shuli adheres to "One is to understand，Second is the creative concept of being willing to listen "，In 1943, the novels "Little Erni Black Marriage", "Little Er Hei", "Li You Caican Word", which reflected the new power of the liberation zone with the sharp conflict of the old forces，Use folk reviews、Banhua speaking、The style of the story of the story of the story，Let the people understand when they hear it，Popularity。Poet Li Ji borrows from northern Shaanxi Shin Tianyou Bixing，Use a large number of spoken words such as stacking characters，In 1946, he created a long narrative poem "Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang" that reflects the twists and turns of young farmers.，received praise from all walks of life，greatly changed the appearance of Yan'an's literary and art circles。

Poet He Jingzhi in 1945 According to the wide "White Mao Xiangu" story circulating in Hebei in Bet365 app download 1945，Based on the existing version, the plot is interpreted as "the old society forced people into a ghost，The theme of the new society into a ghost "，On the basis of the deep mass，Breaking the feudal superstition, but also sang the wiseness of the Eighth Route Army，Strong resonance and huge response caused by the people of workers, peasants and soldiers。"Brothers and Sisters" use a strong rustic atmosphere to reflect the new life of the Great Production Movement in the Liberated Area，Dance of Songs and Celebration，It is warmly welcome by people。

Programmer Gu Yuan deeply penetrates the masses，Listen to the opinions of farmers with an open mind，It is said that your print is displayed on the peasant's bun。1943 The woodcut work "Watching Wu Man" published in the "Liberation Daily" supplement，Sheep leather jackets commonly used in northern Shaanxi farmers、Velvet is the identity of the model Wu Man with the identity of the model worker，Pigs on both sides of the screen、Horse、Cow、Sheep、Chicken、Duck、Sorghum、corn, etc. embellishment，Exploring a strong local taste，Breaking through the use of Western sketches to describe the bottlenecks described by the local people as the face of yin and yang。

To learn from the people from the people，Lu Yi also established a clay doll creation group，Learn from local folk artists，Created a series of small color plastic。subject matter、Methods and aesthetic interests directly originate Bet365 lotto review from the people，On the basis of retaining the characteristics of folk muders，A series of creative technical treatment also performed，High exaggeration in shape and not disturbed，Follow the law of the folk color，Bright and bright and bold，It is filled with a happy and auspicious life，Inheritance and innovation for traditional folk mud toys，I completely got rid of the imitation of Western sculpture，loved by the fellows，Local people are even willing to use Erdou Xiaomi to change a small clay man。at the time，Erdou Xiaomi can be enough for a rural doll to eat more than two months，It can be seen from the degree of popularity。Some clay people's works are also collected by foreign friends。

The initial starting point of "Speaking" is to solve some new problems worth warning at the time of Yan'an at that time，But in historical changes、Under multiple factor conditions required by reality，Gradually developed into the policy of national literature and art "File"。As a politician, Mao Zedong was viewed by incorporating literature and art into part of the entire revolutionary work，The spirit of "Speaking" becomes the guidance idea of ​​the future New China literary and artistic creation。

　(Author Unit: School of Media and Art, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications、Chinese Academy of Art)