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Overseas bases have always been the "bridgehead" that major countries have projected their own forces and the "cutting -edge position" intervention in regional affairs。In recent years，Along with the large increase in the need for non -traditional security threats，Mei、Days and other countries have set up overseas bases in Djibouti，plus the overseas base built by France in the early days，Italy、Spain、Patrol aircraft and naval escort formations in other countries such as Sweden also often stop here，Rest adjustment、Logistics supplies，Small Djibu attracts the gathering place of the navy of various countries，Important choices for the location of overseas bases in the country。

　　What is the strategic status of Djibouti

"Fortress" of the three continents of Eurasia and Africa。Djibati is located on the west bank of Aden Bay, northeast of Africa，North and Eritrea are neighbors，Bording with Somalia in the southeast，The Red Sea enters the Indian Ocean.，Control the inland and Arabian Peninsula in Africa、The strategic place of the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean。Djibati is only 23,200 square kilometers，The population number is 940,000，But "Although the scale is small pressure"，The geographical location of it has attracted attention from major countries。The United States used the then French Djibouti Base during the Bay War，Deploy the carrier fleet here to perform combat tasks。Later, using Djibati Base in the Iraq war，For the Iraqi Sea for 3 years。In order to enhance the influence in Africa，The United States established overseas bases in Djibouti in March 2011，and use it as an important part of competing with the "other great power"，I hope to finally achieve the purpose of resisting the action of "other big powers"。

"Strategic fulcrum" competing for the big country。Great Kingdom Game，"Strategic fulcrum" is extremely important。Djibouti as the "Horn of East Africa"，The importance of its strategic location is self -evident。Who controls Djibouti，It is equivalent to directly control the neck of the Suez Canal -Red Sea.。So，Djibouti becomes the "fulcrum" of the big country for the "fulcrum"。Before the outbreak of World War II since the beginning Bet365 lotto review of the 19th century，France and then the then maritime power Britain launched a competition for Djibati。until September 1888，British and French only delineated the colonial boundary，Sign the border treaty。Although the United States establishes overseas bases in Djibouti later than France，But through "hard work"，Djibouti was built by the United States as its largest overseas base in Africa，The scope and intensity of military activities have surpassed France for more than 100 years。

"Sentinel" on the petroleum channel。Jiejiti resources in Africa is scarce，But to keep important oil transportation transportation，After controlling this area, it controls the sea oil channel between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean。About 30%of the global oil through this region。Take Asian countries as an example，Japan has more than 20,000 ships every year through Aden Bay，About 75%of imported oil imported from China comes from the Middle East and Africa regions。and Djibati is just on this transportation hub，From the Djibu Direction East, you can directly lead to the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea，and then reach East Asia and the Pacific region; you can pass the Red Sea from the north from the Djibu to the North、Suez Canal，Then enter the Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean; you can also walk from the Red Sea to the south，Fighting Hope Corner through the Indian Ocean。All vessels in these places，Most of them need to pass through the Mande Strait to stop at Gyjishi Port，The Mande Strait is the main channel for international oil transportation，Calculating it is the petroleum transport life line，and Djibouti provided the necessary security guarantee for this energy channel，"Section" on the Petroleum Transport Line。

　　Why did Globati pursue a neutral attitude for a long time

Pursue a neutral attitude。and Iraq、Compared with countries such as Libya and Syria，Djibouti is the country with the weaker Western colonial forces in the same area。Pan -Islamic Simple、Pan -Arabic thought tide and pan -African trendy influence at the least influence in Djibouti，So Djibouti has long -term neutral attitude，Persist in not alliance with other countries，Adhere to the development of good -neighborly and friendly relations with neighboring countries，Actively participate in collaboration between regions，Actively support the international community to combat pirates、Anti -terrorism and stability、Bet365 app download International rescue and other actions，Pay attention to the development of friendly relations with the world's great powers，You can use its favorable geographical location to attract large powers to establish overseas bases to obtain security protection，can also drive its economic and social development。

Relatively flexible policies。The foundation and agriculture foundation of Dibuti is weak，To develop the economy，Djibouti government adopts relatively flexible policies，On the one hand, actively develop friendly relations with countries around the world，Stay away from various disputes，Mos up external contradictions and conflicts，Create a good political environment; on the other hand, actively adjust economic policy，Strive for foreign aid foreign aid，Focus on the development of the tertiary industry，and step up the implementation of infrastructure，Actively participate in regional integration process，And the establishment of overseas bases here just meets the implementation of the Djibouti policy。Establishment of overseas bases in Djibouti can not only promote its infrastructure construction，Can also give help、Investment and promote local consumption、Solve employment problems。So，Djibouti government has a welcome attitude towards the deployment of overseas bases and naval navy in various countries。

More stable political situation。"Typhoon Eyes" of the Storm in the Regional Wars of the Region，Surrounding countries are often in turmoil，A terrorist attack occurred，and Djibouti maintained a "pure land" in the complex and severe security situation around the surrounding area。Djibu's relatively stable domestic affairs bureau has greatly reduced the political risks of the major countries to build overseas bases at Djibu，This is also an important factor that Djibouti can attract other countries to build overseas bases。Another，Multi -country troops have established overseas bases here to drive the comprehensive development of Djibati，Not only promoting socio -economic development，can also help provide safety protection，Can be described as "the beauty of both all"。

Diplomacy of Practicalism。Djibati allows other countries to set up overseas bases in its homeland，The main reason is that it has long -term pursuit of pragmatism foreign policy。Djibati is based on its own economic development and national security，Use its own "location advantage" to pursue realistic Bet365 app download interests，Priority principles for priority to obtain specific political and economic interests as foreign policy，Not limited to forming a certain military alliance with one or two major powers，Instead, many countries are allowed to set up overseas bases in its homeland，Proposal "The Come is a guest"，Actively develop a longer -term cooperative relationship with countries around the world。For example, the United States leases Djibouti Overseas Base to pay about $ 63 million a year for rent，Japan and France rents up to 30 million US dollars each year，In addition to the huge amounts of assistance in various countries，Djibati directly gets more realistic benefits。

　　There are a number of strategic requirements at Jijian Overseas Base

Take international responsibility。With the increase of non -traditional security threats，Under the authorization of the United Nations，China、Russia、India and other countries and some international organizations have sent warships to the Gulf of Aden and Africa to perform crackdown pirates、International peacekeeping and humanitarian rescue tasks，Because Djibouti is convenient for stopping, rest and supply，So the army of various countries has launched a combat pirate、Camps of Anti -Turbine Stability and other activities。"9 · 11" incident，In order to completely eradicate extremist terrorists，The implementation of "African Horn Live Free Activity"，Established "African Corner Joint Combat Force"，This requires a powerful overseas base to provide it with various guarantees，So with the help of France，The United States established overseas bases in Djibouti，As a cutting -edge position as a US counter -terrorism stability。

Get strategic resources。Strategic resources are from national geographical location、Land area、Determined by factors such as population and geological conditions，It has a close contact with the national economic and military development。For example, Japan，The land area is very narrow，Resource shortage，Its economy、Military development depends on the import of overseas resources，Establish an overseas base，It can directly protect the safety of its maritime energy and trade channels，to get more strategic resources。Although France has closed many overseas bases，But Djibouti Overseas Base still retains，It is mainly to protect France from getting cobalt from Africa、Uranium、Chromium and other raw materials，Especially the uranium bet365 live casino games required for nuclear energy development comes from Africa，The acquisition of these strategic raw materials is directly related to the research and development of France's economic life pulse and weapons and equipment。and the United States builds an overseas base in Djibu，Except for the needs of counter -terrorism，Obtaining strategic resources is also an important factor。The establishment of overseas bases in this area can not only strengthen the control of the Suez Canal that communicates the three continents of Eurasia，and can consolidate the US's strategic resource imports in Africa and the oil interests of the Middle East。

Candidate alliance military contact。Many of the countries in Jjibu's troops are all allies，These countries at the same time in Djibouti，Can be more convenient to carry out joint military exercises，Coordinating military operations，Interoperability Military Intelligence，Improve the level of military cooperation。Take the United States and Japan Alliance Relations as an example，Strongly pushed down in the United States，Djibouti has become a new "platform" for military cooperation in the US -Japan -Japan base in the United States and Japan，Structure of strategic cooperation region，Military League Relations is redefined。After the establishment of overseas bases in Djibouti，Military cooperation with the United States is more frequent，Continue to rent the U.S. Wharf for the take -off and landing and maintenance of anti -submarine patrol aircraft，and share the intelligence obtained by the anti -submarine patrol aircraft with the U.S. military。December 2013，The Japanese Maritime Self -Defense Force joined the "151th Joint Task Force" with the banner of anti -pirates in the Gulf of Aden，The participation of Japan further closely closely close its relationship with the allies navy，greatly enhance their intelligence interoperability。

Show the existence of overseas military。Overseas bases are "stepping stones" for the state to send military forces，It is also the "Bridge Castle" that the country exerts international influence outside the country。Through deployment of overseas bases, you can change from distant third parties to the "stakeholder"，Then display overseas military existence，Strengthening its international influence。For example, the United States borrows the name of counter -terrorism，Methods to set up overseas bases in Djibouti，Carry Bet365 app download out anti -terrorism special combat training，Show its military existence in Africa，Gradually realize the permeability of East Africa and China Africa。As Japanese，The name of anti -pirates，Establish overseas bases in Djibouti，On the surface, it is to protect its maritime channel safety，But it is actually to show its overseas military existence，Realize its African strategy，Establish a cutting -edge position for the African market with major countries，Strengthening its international influence，Causes established facts for long -term garrison overseas。

Maintain the overseas interests of the country。The direct function of establishing overseas bases is to provide necessary support for military forces overseas strategic operations，It is related to the national security and development interests of a country，It is also related to the politics of a country、Military、Diplomacy and other fields in many fields of strategic global。Take China as an example，After entering the 21st century，China's overseas investment and trade continuously expand，China has become the world's second largest economy，Many employees overseas，Project investment involved is huge amount，Need to withdraw overseas、Overseas Chinese or protect the safety demands of Chinese overseas interests and maritime resource transportation.。But China's increasingly overseas interests are not consistent with the current situation of the protection of overseas interests，International and regional unstable situation，Social turmoil、Terrorist attacks, all of which are against Chinese overseas institutions、Severe threats caused by personnel and property security。It can be seen from this，Establish an overseas base as an important aspect and general choice for the mainland to safeguard the country's overseas interests，It has become an important strategic demand for countries in the world to safeguard their overseas interests。

Logistics Supply Security。The old saying said, "The soldiers are not moved，Grain and Cao first "，During the mission of the warship away from land,，Logistics supply should be the top priority。For example, when China performed a escort task in Aden Gulf, it used Djibu、Facilities in Aman and Yemen implement the logistics supplies to the ship。Taking Chinese ships in the port of Omanzsera as an example，Its supply uses commercial port，Supply for comprehensive demand through the commercialization Bet365 app download guarantee mode，This commercial material procurement model is still available in the short term，But when Aden Gulf escort is normalized or the Chinese Navy needs to get out of the sea，This method will not be able to meet logistical supplies in time。The Chinese Navy takes a high cost of guaranteeing the guarantee of the battleship with a supply ship.，And the guarantee efficiency is also lower。Formation officers and soldiers need to rest on the shore base，Food、Supply supplies such as oil and other supplies, and ship maintenance and maintenance all need the base on the shore。Visible，Establishing overseas bases in Djibu on Djibu，Implementing the nearest efficient logistics support，Not only can it be escorted in this area、Humanitarian rescue and other tasks provide a place of rest，It can also quickly respond to emergencies in North Africa and other surrounding areas。This is of great significance for the better performance of the army in various countries。

　　(Author Unit: Department of Political Theory of Naval Engineering University)