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The new book "Democratic Democracy: Why We Must Politics to Politics" by Professor Robert B. Talisse, the director of the Department of Philosophy of Van Dandburg University in October, will publish in October in October OverDoing Democrat: Why we must put Put Politics in ITS Place。This book believes，The United States is in an era of "polarization"，Both the political concept and the social environment are increasingly extreme。More and more Americans are affected by the deep -rooted concept of polarization，I am more willing to integrate into the political group that is similar to my own point of view，and reduce interaction with different concepts，This makes similar views continue to be strengthened inside the group。Politics positive penetration into all corners of the American life，Even daily consumption and leisure and entertainment activities have become ways to express political views。Brief words，Democracy has been abused。From the view of Talis，Healthy democracy can acknowledge and respect the equal status of all members of all social members。A few days ago，Talis accepted an interview with our reporter on the topic of abuse of democracy。

　　"Abuse of democracy will destroy democracy"

　　"China Social Sciences":How to understand the title of this book "abuse of democracy"? Can democracy be abused?

　　Talis:From the perspective of some people，Democracy cannot be overdue，The more the better, the better。But this view is not credible，Democratic possibilities are abused。For example，When someone regards a certain hobby as all of life，Although this hobby may reach a very high level，But the other beauty in life was squeezed out。Moderate hobbies are conducive to better life，But if you sacrifice everything for a certain hobby，This is almost sick。Similarly，Democratic politics is the same。It can help people realize the wider ideal，But when it occupies all social life，It will lose its original role and meaning。

　　"China Social Sciences":What is the harm of democracy in democracy itself?

　　Talis:I put forward a point of view in the book: abuse of democracy will destroy democracy。Democracy requires citizens to respect each other's equal social status，Abuse of democracy will cause people to do not distinguish politically。So，I think the abuse of democracy will lead to the inability to implement democracy，But the method of solving the problem is not anti -democracy，Instead of putting democracy in the right position。

　　"China Social Sciences":Who is responsible for being abused by democracy?

　　Talis:In my opinion，Abuse of democracy is not due to insufficient performance of democratic commitments，but overly。I want to reveal a vulnerability of democracy inherently: its success may endure itself。

　　American social space presents political saturation

　　"China Social Sciences":Politics related to all aspects of American society today，All political trends have appeared。What is the reason?

　　Talis:In the United States，Which stores do you choose to go to shopping、What kind of product to buy、What kind of cars are driving、What style of clothes wearing、Which TV programs are watching ... everything is closely related to the political position。I call this phenomenon in the book as "the political saturation of social space"。From a large level,，One of the causes is the key to the political position as a personal sense of social identity。Americans now tend to regard all behaviors as expressions of political stance，One of the adverse consequences caused by this is that people may only contact people who are similar to their own political perspectives in daily life。

　　"China Social Sciences":Can you give you a few examples of political infiltration into social space?

　　Talis:Two well -known American chain restaurants, two well -known American chain restaurants in Starbucks and Dunnuts as examples，Starbucks customer group is relatively young，Politician liberals; Tang Endule customer group is too old，Politician conservatives。So，Two brands have adopted different marketing strategies。Starbucks shop often appears decorative with exotic colors，and often use foreign language vocabulary to name drinks，This is in line with the self -positioning of Starbucks consumers "worldist"。Tang Endule's slogan is "The United States is running on Tang Endule Glose"，Consumers usually come to Tang Endule to buy coffee and snacks on the way to work，Don’t care about the name of the diet。Starbucks and Tang Enle represent two very different lifestyles -internationalization and (traditional) American -style lifestyle，This difference is closely related to the identity identity of liberal or conservatives。

Another example is shopping bag。In the United States，Liberty prefers reusable handbags，Conservatives more use ordinary plastic bags。Liberal handbags are often printed with graphics or text expressions expressing specific meaning。Organic food chain with liberal tendencies, WHLE FOODS Market (Whole Foods Market) handbags are often printed with promotion of cycle use、Law of environmental responsibility，such as "Values ​​Matter"。Liberal Liberal Television Corporation Cable Television News Channel (MSNBC) sells the word "Talk Politics To Me" in its online store。There are many surveys and shows，Liberal party environmental protection policy is more supportive than conservatives。So，Consumers holding reusable shopping bags are not only fulfilling their environmental responsibility，I am also showing others to others' values ​​and political stances。

　　Belief polarization exacerbates political polarization

　　"China Social Sciences":What are the reasons for the current US political polarization?

　　Talis:I think "belief polarization" is an important reason。Belief polarization refers to the more frequent interaction between people with similar views，People will become more extreme，Support your recognition more，and have hostile emotions with people with different views。Whether it is a liberal or conservative，Only contact with "own people" will make them more "free" or more conservative。The phenomenon of conviction polarization has been widely studied globally and confirmed。The common effect of political saturation and belief in social space，As a result, more and more political homogeneity groups appeared，Even daily shopping、Catering、Sports may lead people to a more extreme direction。When an extreme tendency appears，It is easy for people to regard people who are different from themselves as ignorance、incompetent、People with moral corruption。If this atmosphere prevails，It is difficult for us to regard people with different views as members of social members who are equal to their status，Democracy is impacted by this。It is difficult for Americans to imagine that a collective activity can be unrelated to political position，This is one of the symptoms of democracy abused。

　　"China Social Sciences":The subtitle of your new work calls on people to "return politics to its position"，What position do you think politics should be?

　　Talis:"Make politics back to its position" means allowing politics to play a legitimate effect in a proper range，instead of using it as the unique goal。If politics dominates all the social life and is damaged at other aspects,，Lost the meaning of its existence。Just like the mention mentioned earlier，Excessive pursuit of a hobby is pathological。In a certain sense，The value of democracy is that it makes people live a valuable life，Can be fully devoted to important career。"Make politics to its position" is not to weaken the importance of politics，Instead, maintain democracy as much as possible。

　　"China Social Sciences":Is the problem you revealed in this book is limited to the United States?

　　Talis:These problems are particularly prominent in the United States，But similar situations have appeared in the UK and other European countries。The source of the data of this book is mainly the United States，There are also some from the UK。Any democracy should prevent democracy abuse，I provided some solutions to the problem of democratic abuse in the last chapter。I suggest that Americans must first realize and acknowledge that their hostility to those who hold different views may be the product of the polarization。The public should think about it，What collective activities can be involved together without reflecting political values，Then actively participate in。

　(Newspaper Washington, September 2nd)