■Robert B. Tallis Interviewee/Photo provided

Oxford University Press in the United Kingdom will publish Robert B., Dean of the Department of Philosophy at Vanderbilt University in the United States.Tallis (Robert B. Professor Talisse’s new book "Overdoing bet365 bonus code indiana: Why We Must Put Politics in Its Place"。The book believes that，The United States is in an era of "polarization"，Both political ideas and social environment are becoming increasingly extreme。More and more Americans are affected by deep-rooted polarizing ideas，More willing to integrate into political groups with similar views to one's own，And reduce interactions with people who have different ideas，This allows similar views to be continuously reinforced within the group。Politics is penetrating into every corner of American life，Even daily consumption and leisure and entertainment activities have become ways to express political opinions。In short，bet365 bonus code indiana has been abused。In Talis’ view，A healthy bet365 bonus code indiana recognizes and respects the equal status of all members of society。Days ago，Talis was interviewed by this reporter on the topic of abuse of bet365 bonus code indiana。

　　“Abuse of bet365 bonus code indiana will destroy bet365 bonus code indiana”

　　"Chinese bet365 bonus code indiana Sciences Journal":How to understand the main title of this work "Abuse of bet365 bonus code indiana"？Can bet365 bonus code indiana be abused？

　　Talis:In the eyes of some people，bet365 bonus code indiana cannot be excessive，The more, the better。But this view is not credible，bet365 bonus code indiana has the potential to be abused。For example，When someone regards a certain hobby as the whole life，Although it is possible to reach a very high level in this hobby，But other good things in life are squeezed out。Moderate hobbies are conducive to a better life，But if you sacrifice everything else for a hobby，This is almost pathological。Same，The same is true for democratic politics。It can help people achieve broader ideals，But when it occupies all social life，It will lose its original function and meaning。

　　"Chinese bet365 bonus code indiana Sciences Journal":What harm does the abuse of bet365 bonus code indiana do to bet365 bonus code indiana itself?

　　Talis:I put forward a point in the book: Abuse of bet365 bonus code indiana will destroy bet365 bonus code indiana。bet365 bonus code indiana requires citizens to respect each other’s equal social status，The abuse of bet365 bonus code indiana will cause people to distinguish between political enemies and friends。Therefore，I believe that the abuse of bet365 bonus code indiana leads to the inability to implement it properly，But the solution to the problem is not anti-democratic，But put bet365 bonus code indiana in its proper place。

　　"Chinese bet365 bonus code indiana Sciences Journal":Who is primarily responsible for the abuse of bet365 bonus code indiana?

　　Talis:In my opinion，Abuse of bet365 bonus code indiana does not result from insufficient fulfillment of democratic commitments，But excessive。I want to reveal the inherent fragility of bet365 bonus code indiana: its success may endanger itself。

　　American bet365 bonus code indiana space is politically saturated

　　"Chinese bet365 bonus code indiana Sciences Journal":Every aspect of American society today is related to bet365 bonus code indiana，There is a tendency to politicize everything。What’s the reason？

　　Talis:In the United States，Which stores do you choose to shop、What kind of product to buy、What kind of car do you drive、What style of clothes to wear、Which TV shows to watch...everything is closely related to political stance。In my book I call this phenomenon the “political saturation of bet365 bonus code indiana space”。From a broad perspective，One of the reasons is that political stance has become the key to an individual's sense of bet365 bonus code indiana identity。Americans now tend to regard all actions as an expression of political stance，One of the undesirable consequences of this is that people may only come into contact with people who have similar political views to themselves in daily life。

　　"Chinese bet365 bonus code indiana Sciences Journal":Can you give us some examples of politics penetrating into bet365 bonus code indiana space？

　　Talis:Take Starbucks and Dunkin’ Donuts, two well-known American restaurant chains, as examples，Starbucks customer base is relatively young，Politically liberal；Dunkin Donuts’ customer base is older，Politically conservative。Therefore，The two brands have adopted different marketing strategies。Starbucks stores often have exotic decorations，And often use foreign words to name drinks，bet365 bonus code indiana is in line with Starbucks consumers’ self-positioning as “cosmopolitans”。Dunkin’ Donuts’ slogan is “America Runs on Dunkin’ Donuts”，Consumers usually come to Dunkin Donuts to buy coffee and snacks on their way to work，I don’t care about the name of the food。Starbucks and Dunkin' Donuts represent two very different lifestyles - international and (traditional) American lifestyle，bet365 bonus code indiana difference is closely related to the identity of liberal or conservative。

Another example is the shopping bag。In the United States，Liberals favor reusable tote bags，Conservatives use regular plastic bags more。Liberal handbags are often printed with graphics or words expressing specific meanings。Whole Foods Market, a libertarian organic food chain, often sells tote bags emblazoned with messages advocating recycling、Images and texts on taking environmental responsibility，Such as "values ​​matter", etc.。The libertarian-leaning US cable news channel MSNBC is selling “Talk Politics to Me” tote bags on its online store。Many surveys have shown，Liberals support environmental protection policies more than conservatives。Therefore，Consumers holding reusable shopping bags are not only fulfilling their environmental responsibility，It is also showing one’s values ​​and bet365 bonus code indiana stance to others。

　　Polarization of beliefs intensifies bet365 bonus code indiana polarization

　　"Chinese bet365 bonus code indiana Sciences Journal":What is the reason for the current bet365 bonus code indiana polarization in the United States?

　　Talis:I think “belief polarization” is an important reason。Belief polarization occurs when people with similar views interact more frequently，People’s ideas will become more extreme，More support for the views you agree with，And become hostile to those who hold different views。Either liberal or conservative，Only contact with "one's own people" will make them more "liberal" or more conservative。The phenomenon of belief polarization has been widely studied and confirmed globally。The political saturation of social space and the polarization of beliefs work together，The result is the emergence of more and more politically homogeneous groups，Even daily shopping、Catering、Sports may lead people to more extreme directions。When extreme tendencies appear，People tend to regard people who think differently from themselves as ignorant、Incompetent、A morally corrupt person。If this trend prevails，It is difficult for us to regard people with different views as equal members of society，bet365 bonus code indiana is under attack。It is now difficult for Americans to even imagine that a collective activity can be independent of political stance，This is one of the symptoms of bet365 bonus code indiana being abused。

　　"Chinese bet365 bonus code indiana Sciences Journal":The subtitle of your new book calls for “putting bet365 bonus code indiana back in its place”，What position do you think bet365 bonus code indiana should be in?？

　　Talis:“Returning politics to its place” means allowing politics to play its proper role within an appropriate scope，Instead of making it the only target。If politics dominates all social life at the expense of other aspects，It loses the meaning of its existence。As mentioned before，Excessive pursuit of a hobby is pathological。In a certain sense，The value of bet365 bonus code indiana is that it enables people to live a valuable life，Be able to devote yourself more fully to important causes。To “put politics back in its place” is not to diminish the importance of politics，But try to maintain democratic politics as much as possible。

　　"Chinese bet365 bonus code indiana Sciences Journal":Are the issues you uncover bet365 bonus code indiana book limited to the United States?

　　Talis:These problems are particularly prominent in the United States，But similar situations have occurred in the UK and some other European countries。The data source of this book is mainly from the United States，A few more from the UK。Any democratic system should prevent the abuse of bet365 bonus code indiana，In the last chapter, I provided some solutions to the problem of democratic abuse。I suggest that Americans first realize and admit that their hostility to those with different views may be the product of polarized beliefs。The American public should think about it，What group activities can be participated in together that do not reflect political values，Then actively participate。

　(our newspaper, Washington, September 2)