The exchanges, exchanges and integration of the Northeastern ethnic groups in the Qing Dynasty were an important part of the formation of the pluralistic unity of the Chinese nation。As an official document of the Qing Dynasty，Heilongjiang Jiangjun Yamen Manchu archives contain rich content on ethnic exchanges and blends，Shows the historical process of the formation of my country's unified multi-ethnic country。The bet365 new user promo people were an important ethnic group that lived in the northeastern region during the Qing Dynasty，Is an important force relied on by the Qing government。After moving from Horqin Mongolia，The Xibe people were stationed in Qiqihar and other places for garrison，Later moved south to the capital、Shengjing，Move west to Xinjiang to guard the border。Migrating，bet365 new user promo and Mongolia、full、Daur and other ethnic groups have frequent exchanges，Production and life、Customs and culture have undergone profound changes，Exemplarily demonstrates the important role of ethnic exchanges, exchanges and integration in the formation of the pluralistic unity of the Chinese nation。

The Xibe people in the early Qing Dynasty were under the jurisdiction of Horqin Mongolia。To strengthen Northeast defense，The thirty-first year of Kangxi (1692)，After the Qing government “redeemed” the Xibe people from Horqin Mongolia，For issues such as how to place it，Ministry of War、Heilongjiang generals and others exchanged frequent official documents，Discuss and plan，Heilongjiang Jiangjun Yamen Manchu archives (the Heilongjiang Jiangjun Yamen Manchu archives are quoted from "bet365 new user promo Archives and Historical Materials"，1989) related records，True reproduction of the situation at that time。April 29，Message from the Ministry of War Heilongjiang General Sabusu: "Qiqihar is the most critical place... select a thousand strong men wearing armor，Guard together。And the place of Bertune... to guard the newly built city。...Please bring bet365 new user promo, who lives near Ula、Three thousand people from Guarcha moved to Ula。"Through planning and weighing，The bet365 new user promo people were resettled in Qiqihar、Bodune and Jilin Ula and other places。May 29，Sabusu asked Wening Guta General Tong Bao: "Enumerate the villages living on both sides of the Nen River adjacent to Qiqihar Village... bet365 new user promo in the Songhua River Basin、Daur、Guarcha... are all close to the place where the general and others are resettled。”After moving out of Horqin Mongolia，The Xibe people mainly live in scattered areas in Nenjiang、The confluence of Songhua River and the coastal area，There is also Manchuria、Daur、Sauron and other tribes live here。

Due to the scattered locations，Ineffective control，Theft by bet365 new user promo people、Imperial sentry incidents happen from time to time。In order to prevent the Xibe people from becoming too numerous，Causing trouble，The thirty-eighth year of Kangxi，The bet365 new user promo people were moved to the capital and Shengjing and other places，Scattered around to serve as armor。The bet365 new user promo people who moved to the capital，Some are assigned to work within the flag，Some prepare horses for the accompanying eunuchs，The bet365 new user promo people who moved to Shengjing，It can be seen from the message from Ningguta General Shanahai to Sabusu，Mostly in Shengjing、Uiju、Served as armor in the Eight Banners in Jinzhou and other places: "Exemption from Shengjing、Uiju and other places in Manchuria、Han Army、The weak Han troops stationed in Zhuerhuzhu and other ten routes wear armor...the strong ones among the bet365 new user promo people are selected to wear armor"，The bet365 new user promo people were dispersed to different locations。From Horqin、Nenjiang、Songhua River Basin to Capital and Shengjing，The bet365 new user promo people are migrating frequently，With Manchuria、Mongolia、The Han army and others formed a staggered and mixed distribution situation，Laid a spatial foundation for inter-ethnic communication。

With frequent migration and communication，The bet365 new user promo people broke their original life pattern，Politics、Economy、Culture has undergone major changes，Played a positive role in promoting economic and social development。

The first is to recruit assistants into the flag，Serve the country。This is the main form of inter-ethnic communication among the Xibe people。After moving from Horqin Mongolia，The Qing government incorporated it into the Eight Banners of Manchuria。The 31st year of Kangxi，Sabusu said: "At the confluence of the two rivers，will be moved to Qiqihar、Ula、Four thousand soldiers of Bertune、With eight thousand names，Please co-edit Eighty Niu Lu，All return to the Three Flags”，Incorporate bet365 new user promo into the Eighty Niu Records of Shangsanqi。At that time，Five bet365 new user promo people were also selected to serve as leaders，Five Daur cattle records compiled by management，When moving south to Shengjing，These Daur Niulu will go together，Later integrated into the Xibe people。After moving south, bet365 new user promo no longer had a special Niulu，But they were scattered to various places to serve as armor。From the 31st year of Kangxi to the 39th year of Kangxi，The bet365 new user promo people moved to Qiqihar one after another、Berdune、Jilin Wula、Capital、Shengjing and other places，Some are assigned to the flag，Acts as armor，Serve the country；Some become associates，Farming fields，Pay official food，Under the direct management of the Qing government，Continuously strengthen political identification with a unified country，Became an important force that the Qing rulers relied on。

The second is to develop production，Watch and help each other。The Xibe people and neighboring Mongolia、Manchu and other ethnic groups have close agricultural exchanges。Agricultural production，Many bet365 new user promo people have mastered planting techniques，Reclaim wasteland，A bumper harvest of grain。Twenty-five years of Kangxi，Message from the Ministry of Household Affairs Sabusu: “From Jilin Wula to Heilongjiang，Conquest of Mongolia、bet365 new user promo、Daur、Sauron and others cultivate the land，Big harvest of grain。The husband’s grain is crucial，The original farming officials will still be sent next year，Conquest of Mongolia、bet365 new user promo、Daur、Sauron and others are cultivating”，It can be seen that many bet365 new user promo people cultivated fields at that time，Engaged in agricultural production。The 30th year of Kangxi，Barhu livestock suffers from plague，To solve their survival problem，Sabsu said: "Scattering into Zalaite、About 800 households in Dulbert’s two banners，There are more than 1,500 households in total...The bet365 new user promo people are ordered to support them...from the next year，Each household is also given an ox by the ministry、Farm tools、Seed，Transfer to Mongolia、bet365 new user promo teaches farming。"The bet365 new user promo people follow the arrangements of the Qing government，Support the disaster-stricken Barhu people，Teach planting techniques，Teach them farming，Help tide over difficulties，It has also strengthened ethnic relations，Also promoted the transformation of Balhu’s production methods。

Third, frequent trade，Interoperability。Later Jin Dynasty to Early Qing Dynasty，bet365 new user promo has frequent trade with neighboring ethnic groups，Frequently exchanged、Buy cloth、Agricultural tools, etc.，Eight Banners officers and soldiers、Inns and others often go to bet365 new user promo to buy cattle, horses and grain。The twenty-fourth year of Kangxi，Assistant leader of Khalsa、When Biyangwu passed by bet365 new user promo，Purchase more than 600 horses at one time: "Officers and soldiers brought by their rank，Purchased more than 600 horses in bet365 new user promo。”The 27th year of Kangxi，Inn officer Duerdai reports to Sabusu，Apply to purchase grain from bet365 new user promo: "Silver grain and fodder for cattle and horses at the post station... Hold this money and grain，Make friends with talented people，From Nenjiang Waterway to bet365 new user promo、Mongolia、Purchase from Ula and other places。”The General Administration of Internal Affairs sends personnel to bet365 new user promo every year，Use woolen green cloth、Wrap in white coarse cloth and exchange with bet365 new user promo people for sable fur、Sheep skin and other materials for royal use。The 33rd year of Kangxi，Message from the General Manager of the Household Affairs Bureau, Sabusu: From the second year of Shunzhi to the eleventh year of Kangxi，Paiang Jida and others，“The silk is collected from the treasury every year、brocade、Peng Ding、yarn、Buddha head green cloth、cloth、Cloth heads, steamed buns, tea, etc.，Xiang bet365 new user promo、Sauron can easily get the sable skin、Mink、Lynx Skin、Sheepskin、Kandahan Cape，Waiting for the cause to come”，It can be seen that the types and quantities of trade items are very rich。Frequent trade not only enabled the bet365 new user promo people to obtain a large amount of living materials，Improved life，Also promotes grain、Circulation of cattle, horses and other goods，Material supply guaranteed，Become an important material force in promoting exchanges and integration among ethnic groups。

The fourth is to learn languages ​​from each other，Enhance communication。Language is the basis and medium of communication。Horqin Mongolian Period，The Xibe people speak Mongolian，After moving to Qiqihar，Officially required Mongolia、Manchu translation，They are all selected from bet365 new user promo officers and soldiers。The 32nd year of Kangxi，Heilongjiang Vice-Capital Katt’s message to Qiqihar and his co-leader Ma Qi: “A document in Mongolian characters to consult the people at the Mongolian Road Station，No one here can write... There are people in bet365 new user promo who can write Mongolian scripts，Recording Mongolian script according to Manchu script”，Request to find Xibe people who can write Mongolian calligraphy。The Mongolian translator during Nerchinsk negotiations was also a bet365 new user promo。The 33rd year of Kangxi，Sabsu's message to Qiqihar City Deputy Chief Mabudai，Requires the selection of people who understand Mongolian and sends them to Nerchinsk: "Over there in bet365 new user promo's armor，Select two people who are proficient in Mongolian... and set off with the Russian envoy，It’s okay to come and meet the people dispatched from here。”After being incorporated into the Eight Banners of Manchuria，bet365 new user promo and the Manchus live together day and night，Learned Manchu，And use Manchu as the spoken and written language of this nation。In addition，bet365 new user promo、Manchuria and Daurzhong，There are also people who understand Chinese，The thirty-fifth year of Kangxi，Message from the Ministry of Rites Sabusu: "Sauron、Daur、bet365 new user promo and others took medicine to Shishi。Because Sun Longshan and others made the person who should take the medicine take the medicine... Wangbu Xingwentai Hospital，Select the doctor of Dafang Pulse just called、Zhuang Shiyuan, a doctor who uses moxibustion to treat diseases... sent people to the city of Mergen, Heilongjiang, one by one。”Doctor Sun Longshan、Zhuang Shiyuan either knows Manchu himself，Someone needs to translate to give the right medicine，It can be seen that language communication is not difficult，The two imperial doctors not only cured diseases，Also helps change the local concept of not taking medicine，Enhance cultural and health exchanges。

The fifth is inter-ethnic marriage，Living together。Inter-ethnic marriage reflects deep inter-ethnic integration。When Xibon moved south in the 39th year of Kangxi，The Qing government once investigated the situation of bet365 new user promo women marrying foreigners。November 9th，Sabsu's message to Heilongjiang Deputy Governor Geng Geyi: "The corresponding period will start from the year of redemption，Every married daughter，Find out divorce，Marry a wifeless man under the governor。If you are willing to give it to other women、Girl replacement，To avoid divorce。”After more than a month of intense investigation，December 28，The acting general of Heilongjiang, Shanahai, reported to the Ministry of Household Affairs: "The administrator inspected and recommended thirty-six people to marry bet365 new user promo women"，That is, from the year of redemption to the time of moving south，36 people in the bet365 new user promo female clan have intermarriage in the past nine years，Involving Han、Manchuria、Mongolia、Daur and other ethnic groups。According to inventory regulations，Those who marry outside the ethnic group need to find out the divorce，Marry a wifeless man under the governor，Undoubtedly separation of wives and children，Separation of flesh and blood。Neighboring Mongolia、Khalkha、Daur and others extended a helping hand，Replace with your own daughter。Shanahai’s message to the Ministry of Household Affairs shows: “To the replacement woman、There are twenty-two girls in total”，means there are twenty-two Mongols、Khalkha、Daur women、Girls replace bet365 new user promo women。Because inter-ethnic marriages are mostly two-way，At that time, there were also bet365 new user promo men marrying women from other tribes，Living together。

Interethnic interactions of the Xibe bet365 new user promo in the Qing Dynasty，It is a vivid embodiment of the exchanges and integration of various ethnic groups，Played a positive role in firmly establishing the concept of a community of the Chinese nation。Specifically，Mainly reflected in the following important aspects。

一，Developed agricultural production。Material economy is the inner driving force of interethnic communication。Scattered in Nenjiang、Songhua River Basin Time，Communicate through contacts，The Xibe bet365 new user promo not only provide a large amount of food for neighboring ethnic groups、Horses, minks and other items，Still under the arrangement of the Qing government，Support the Barhu bet365 new user promo who are trapped in disasters，Granted for hard work、How to fish，Powerfully promoted economic development，Enhancement of ethnic friendship。

　Second，Deepened cultural exchanges。In the early bet365 new user promo, various ethnic groups in the Northeast intermingled and lived together，Frequent contacts，Learning and using various languages，It not only bridges the communication gap，Eliminates the sense of strangeness and distance between groups，Promotes understanding and mutual trust，Making cultural knowledge、Agricultural technology has been widely spread，To production and life、Customs and habits have had a huge impact，Deepened interethnic identity，Enhance the attraction and cohesion of Chinese culture。

Third，Enhanced national identity。After clearing customs，Political inheritance of Ming Dynasty orthodoxy，Respect and promote Confucianism in culture，Ideologically promote the Huayi family，The formation of a unified multi-ethnic country。bet365 new user promo and other Northeastern residents were under the jurisdiction of the Qing government，Bi Zuo Rui Banner，Farming fields，Pay official food，Armed to fight，Together we resist foreign humiliation，Strengthened the identification of a unified multi-ethnic country。Han immigrants and settled ethnic groups live intertwinedly，Living together，Reflects the strong cohesion and centripetal force of Chinese civilization。

Relevant records in Manchu archives of the Qing Dynasty，Fully reflects the brotherhood of bet365 new user promo of all ethnic groups in history、Watch and help each other、Unity and harmony、Full historical facts of common development，Worth digging in and sorting out，Refining new perspectives based on the characteristics of the times，Give new connotation，To tell the story of ethnic exchanges and integration，Create a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and provide spiritual strength。

　(This article is a phased result bet365 new user promo National Social Science Fund general project "Research on the Integration of Nationalities in Northeast China in the Qing Dynasty" (23BMZ092)

(The author is an assistant researcher at the Institute of History, bet365 new user promo Academy of Social Sciences)