The Xixia "Tiansheng Ling" (hereinafter referred to as "Luling") was unearthed at the Heishui City site in Inner Mongolia in the early 20th century，It is the first legal classic printed in minority languages ​​in the history of our country，Its contents include politics、Economy、Military、Law、Agriculture and many other aspects，Has extremely high historical and documentary value。Since the 1980s，Academic circles have conducted two systematic compilations and translations of "Lü Ling" (one was a Russian translation，Once translated into Chinese)，These two translations provide important references for the study of Xixia studies and related disciplines。However，"Laws" is a voluminous volume，Obscure，It is impossible to translate it at any time，The translation and interpretation work has a long way to go。From 2017，We have begun a comprehensive and systematic review bet365 offer original "Laws"，On the basis of sufficient possession of materials，Reinterpret it。In practical work in recent years，Practice and summarize a new approach to the study bet365 offer Laws and Orders。These methods are to improve the interpretation level bet365 offer text of "Ling Ling"，It is of great significance to further promote the compilation and research of Xixia code documents。

　Comparison bet365 offer document number and text of "Lulu"

The so-called document number and text comparison，That is to compare the original pages bet365 offer "Laws" currently stored in various places with specific information such as content，Clearly sort out the "Law Order" number、The relationship between page and content。1963，Soviet researchers published for the first time basic information about the original "Laws" hidden in Russia，A total of 154 numbers (Gorbacheva、Compiled by Kechanov，Translated by Bai Bin: "Historical Manuscripts and Publications"，"Collection of Translations of National History" Volume 3, 1978 edition)。The eighth edition of "Russian-Tibetan Blackwater City Documents" published in 1998-1999、83 numbered black and white photos bet365 offer original "Laws" published in nine volumes，It can be seen that there are still a large number of original copies of "Laws" that have not been published。In addition，Some fragments bet365 offer "Laws" were also published in "The Blackwater City Documents of Yingzang"，This part was obtained by Stein after Kozlov’s disaster，Therefore, compared with Russian Tibetan documents, there are more damaged pages (see "Statistical Table of Fragments of "Tiansheng Ling" in Yingzang" for details)。This way，Complex numbering due to different collection locations and documentation standards，Resulting in the fragmentation of page information in the original version of "Laws"，It is difficult to explore it as a whole。

In recent years，The research team conducted a comprehensive review of more than 1,700 pages of high-definition color pictures bet365 offer original "Laws" provided by Russia、Detailed organization，Attached pictures are included in the Russian translation of "The Order" translated by Bing and Kechanov、A detailed comparison bet365 offer pictures of "Laws" published in the eighth volume of "Russian-Tibetan Blackwater City Documents"，Clarified the overall characteristics of published "Law Order" pages and the basic situation of unpublished pages。On this basis，Compiled into "Comprehensive List of Russian and Tibetan "Tiansheng Lings""，This table is based on the original page number of "Lulu"，Mark the corresponding page number of Kechanov’s translation、Page number and location of "Russian-Tibetan Blackwater City Documents"，And the page number bet365 offer compiled version bet365 offer Institute of Oriental Literature bet365 offer Russian Academy of Sciences，And review the text content of each page one by one、Remarks on saving status。By the above method，Comprehensive clarification bet365 offer specific relationship between the document numbers and the stored contents of each volume of "Lulu"，Laid a solid foundation for the compilation and research bet365 offer original texts of "Laws and Orders"。

　　Construction of text corpus of "bet365 offer bet365 offer"

About one-sixth bet365 offer original "Laws" unearthed in Blackwater City was damaged，Need to integrate all existing "Laws" documents，In order to build a complete text corpus of "Lulu"。Most bet365 offer original copies of "Laws" are engravings，Part of it is a manuscript。It needs to be pointed out，In the "Russian Heishui City Documents", "Lv Ling" is divided into A, B, C and D, etc.，This classification method is not a version division in the philological sense。

When the research team was sorting out the original "Laws"，Found that some volumes have duplicate pages，But there is only one copy of some volume pages。The text saved in different pages is also different，Some newly discovered unpublished fragments and fragments bet365 offer British Tibetan "Lü Ling" can supplement the many lost articles and damaged texts bet365 offer Russian Tibetan "Lü Ling"。In view of this，Choose pages carefully，Compile an accurate text、The complete copy bet365 offer "Laws" is crucial。The research group is complete、The clear printed page of "Laws and Orders" is the base，Supplemented by some fragments of English and Tibetan pages and manuscripts，According to the "Laws" volume and original page number，Combine all the same pages with different numbers，Compare one by one，Select the best page，Restore the contents bet365 offer "Laws" as completely as possible。As of now，A transcript copy of "Lulu" with a total of about 200,000 words has been formed，And made multiple proofreadings based on checking the original，Provides accurate corpus for text research and vocabulary index production of "Ling Ling"。

　Vocabulary innovation in "bet365 offer"

As a legal book，The text of "Lulu" contains a large number of Xixia proper nouns and legal terms，This is an urgent problem that needs to be solved in the current translation and interpretation work of "Lü Ling"。The key points bet365 offer research team’s interpretation of "Lü Ling"，It is to examine and interpret a number of proper nouns in the "Laws"，To solve the problem bet365 offer current Chinese translation version、The difficult terminology problem。To this，Members bet365 offer research team used the text corpus of "Lulu"，Accurately segmented the proper nouns and legal terms，Using computer to compile corresponding vocabulary index，Provides conditions for accurate translation and interpretation of vocabulary。Add，The chief expert bet365 offer research team based on the construction and research bet365 offer Xixia secular literature corpus，Compiled a "Xixia Dictionary (Secular Literature Part)" with more than 8 million words (China Social Sciences Press 2021 edition)。The entries and examples in the "Historical Dictionary" include almost all the secular Tangut literature currently in existence，Such a huge corpus provides rich corpus support for the translation and interpretation bet365 offer vocabulary of "Lü Ling"。

Members bet365 offer research team used documentary examples in the "Xixia Dictionary"，We have researched a number of mistranslated or untranslated words in previous Chinese translations of "Lü Ling"。For example, the proper noun "蜽禬" in "Lü Ling"，The previous Chinese translation translated it as "Duyu"，I don’t know what it means。Now transliterated as "Special Introduction"，Originated from the official name "Special Service" bet365 offer northern nomadic peoples in the Middle Ages、Special Silver、Di Yin、Beware of hiding”。Another example is the word "Jingchang"，The previous Chinese translation translated it as "white iron"，Unclear meaning。Now translated as "白 based on other literature examples"."白”That is, “cotton”。In the vocabulary bet365 offer newly translated "Lü Ling"，There are many such corrections。Visible，Establishment of a Corpus of Xixia Secular Documents，It will greatly promote the interpretation of other Xixia secular documents including "Ling"。

　　The bet365 offer and annotation method of "Lulu"

The Xixia "Laws" total nearly 200,000 words，Accurately translate it without reference to Chinese sources，It is not easy for Xixia scholars of any period。Kechanov made the first Russian translation bet365 offer entire volume of "Legal"，Limited by various reasons，The Russian translation of "Lü Ling" is not widely used in Xixia academic circles。Early 21st century，Domestic scholars also translated the "Lü Ling" into Chinese, namely "Tian Sheng Changes the Old and New Laws" (Law Press, 2000 edition)。There is no Tangut-Chinese reference for the Chinese translation in this book，It is difficult to know the translation principles of Tangut and the interpretation principles of legal provisions，brings a lot of inconvenience to use and research。In the process of using this Chinese translation，We found that the translator used free translations for some provisions，Some parts use literal translation or transliteration，Causing many mistranslations or omissions of words。Also，Due to the different division of labor among the translators of each volume，The same word is translated differently in the previous and later volumes，Making some bet365 offer meaning bet365 offer text difficult and unclear。

The main purpose bet365 offer research team’s compilation and research on "Lulu"，It is to provide the academic community with a brand new Chinese translation of "Lü Ling"。In view bet365 offer above issues，The research team will be based on the compilation and research bet365 offer original "Lulu"，Comprehensive literature research and vocabulary research in "Ling Ling" etc.，Adopt the standard method of interpreting Xixia documents in the academic circles-the four-line translation method，Record the full text of "Laws"、phonetic、Translation、Translation。In addition，The original number bet365 offer "Laws" of each volume will be marked before the translation and annotation of each volume、Save status and other information，Provide more references for researchers。Currently，The research team has completed the word-for-word recording of "Lulu" in Xixia language、Phonetic、Translation、Chinese translation，The first draft is more than 1.5 million words。In first draft，The research team not only absorbed the results of academic research on the vocabulary of "Lü Ling"，Also includes the latest research results bet365 offer research team，The quality bet365 offer Chinese translations of many legal provisions has been greatly improved，More concise and easy to understand。At the same time，The research team wants to interpret accurately，Also trying to explore the origin bet365 offer provisions bet365 offer "Laws"，Category it with Tang Dynasty、Five generations、Compare Song Codex，Achieved many achievements。For example, if the Xixia "Pengfen" is interpreted as the legal term "sitting on stolen goods"，"斖筟" is the same as "equal"，“Sheath” is the same as “delivery”，Wait。

To standardize the citation and reference format bet365 offer Chinese translation of "Lü Ling"，The research team also comprehensively integrated 150 chapters and 1461 articles bet365 offer "Laws"，Produced "Tian Sheng Ling Order Statistical Table"。This table lists the page numbers of each door、Number of entries and corresponding names in Xixia (Chinese translation)，Compatible with the aforementioned "Comprehensive List of Russian Tibetan "Tiansheng Lings""，Can accurately lock the page position of each item in the Tangut original text and Chinese translation，Greatly saves the labor of document citation and retrieval。

In the context of digitization of ancient books and documents collection，The compilation bet365 offer Xixia literature has also entered a new stage。Everyone knows，Translating Tangut into Chinese is no easy task，The current work on the compilation bet365 offer "Lulu" needs to be more in-depth，Repeatedly review the Chinese translation，In order to obtain a higher quality Chinese translation。"Laws" is a very important code document among the Xixia documents unearthed in Heishui City，It is also the main material for the study of Xixia studies，The compilation and research on it is very typical and representative。At the same time，The systematic arrangement bet365 offer "Lv Ling" will also promote the interpretation of Xixia code documents such as "Zhenguan Jade Mirror System", "Hainian New Law" and "Law"，Provides guidance and demonstration for the compilation bet365 offer other Xixia literature。

　　(This article is a phased result bet365 offer National Social Science Fund’s major project “Compilation and Research of Xixia’s Tiansheng Ling” (17ZDA186)

(The author is a professor bet365 offer School of History and Culture, Shaanxi Normal University；Ph.D. candidate bet365 offer School of History and Culture, Shaanxi Normal University)