Shuihudi Qin and Han Cemetery,Suihu Road located in the west of Chengguan, Yunmeng County, Hubei Province,The east side is close to the ruins of King Chu City,Nanlin Railway Station,Handan Railway runs through it。The cemetery was originally a gently sloping land slightly sloping from east to west,Altitude about 30 meters。After the completion of Han-Dan Railway,The cemetery is mostly covered by the railway and its ancillary facilities。Nearly 50 bet365 bonus code indiana,Dozens of Qin and Han tombs have been excavated here。Qin Tomb No. 11 excavated in 1975、Han Tomb No. 77 cleaned in 2006 is 70 meters apart from the north to the south,A large number of important brochures were unearthed,A legendary discovery in the history of Chinese archeology。
"Sleeping Tiger Land Western Han Dynasty Slips" in the form of multiple volumes,Contains all the information, mainly bamboo slips, unearthed from the Western Han Dynasty Tomb No. 77 in Yunmengsuihudi。Volume 1 "Quality Day",Records all the qualitative and daily data for 14 consecutive years from the tenth year bet365 bonus code indiana Yuan Dynasty (170 BC) to the seventh year bet365 bonus code indiana Yuan Dynasty (157 BC) by Emperor Wen bet365 bonus code indiana Western Han Dynasty written by Yue Renji,Provides more information that is not recorded in handed down documents or is unknown。
Contents bet365 bonus code indiana Western Han Dynasty Slips in Sleeping Tiger Land,Including prime day、Document、Books、Law Code、Arithmetic、Books, Japanese books, etc.,To study the politics bet365 bonus code indiana early Western Han Dynasty、Economy、Law、Society、Culture and Science,Provided a wealth of first-hand information。In terms bet365 bonus code indiana number of bamboo slips,The highest quality day and legal code。850 Codex,When the prime day is complete,There should be about 900 pieces。
"Zhiri" is a document form that was popular during the Qin and Western Han Dynasties but was lost in later generations。Usually based on a one-bet365 bonus code indiana calendar,Write down public and private affairs,Similar to today’s log、Diary。
A total of 7 batches of 23 articles have been discovered so far.,That is: Emperor Wen’s "Seven Years of Quality" unearthed from Han Tomb No. 336 in Zhangjiashan, Jiangling in 1985;The thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang’s treason day unearthed from the Qin Tomb No. 30 Zhoujiatai, Shashi in 1993;The mass date bet365 bonus code indiana second year of Yuanyan unearthed from Han Tomb No. 6 in Yinwan, East China Sea in 1993;The "First Year of Quality Day" of Qin II unearthed from Tomb No. 576 in Huangshan, Jingzhou in 2004;The quality dates of 14 years during the period of Emperor Wen bet365 bonus code indiana Western Han Dynasty were unearthed from Tomb No. 77 in Yunmengsuihudi in 2006;The Qin bamboo slips collected by Yuelu Academy in 2007 are "the twenty-seventh year of pledge day", the "thirty-fourth year of pledge day" and the "thirty-fifth year of private pledge day";The 31st Qin Shihuang's pledge date and the 33rd Qin Shihuang's pledge date in the Qin bamboo slips collected by Peking University in 2009。Sleeping Tiger Earth Han Jianzhi Day continues for 14 years,The number exceeds the total of 9 articles in the other 6 batches。
The "Quality bet365 bonus code indiana" slip unearthed from Tomb No. 336 in Zhangjiashan with its own title,Because the content was not released in time,Academia’s reference to “quality bet365 bonus code indiana”,I didn’t understand it earlier。After Zhoujiatai Qin Jianzhi bet365 bonus code indiana and Yinwan Han Jianzhi bet365 bonus code indiana came out,Called "diary", "log" or "history"。Yuelu Qin Jianzhi Date、Sleeping Tiger, Earth and Han Jianzhi Ridu with chapter title,Thus it is confirmed that this kind of document was called "Quality bet365 bonus code indiana" at that time。
The name "Quality Day" also appears in documents and slips。Liye Qin Slips 8-138+8-174+8-522+8-523 requires the "Ling Shi" of Qianling County to take turns inspecting the temple,"Respectively sign the pledge day bet365 bonus code indiana temple"。"Qin Slips Collection in Yuelu Academy [4]" No. 232-236 stipulates when escorting prisoners,“As a pledge day,Date of execution,Sixty miles a day”。It can be seen that the government also used pledge days at that time,As the basis for assessment work。
"Quality" has an agreement、Verification and other meanings,The name "Quality bet365 bonus code indiana" may be related to this,Originally it was official supervision、Credentials for evaluating officials,Later, officials and ordinary people also followed suit (Chen Wei、Cai Dan: “Event Calendars” in the Early Imperial Era: A Re-Assessment,Bamboo and Silk,Issue 2, 2018)。
The Qin and Han Dynasties are similar in form。The Simplified Japanese form of Sleeping Tiger, Earth, Han Dynasty is relatively consistent,Generally, there are 61-62 bamboo slips in a year,The upper part bet365 bonus code indiana back bet365 bonus code indiana first bamboo slip has "A certain year of quality" written on it,The front is divided into six columns to write the even-numbered months starting from October (in the Qin Dynasty and the early Western Han Dynasty, October was the "beginning bet365 bonus code indiana year") and the size bet365 bonus code indiana month,Then use 30 simple slips divided into six columns to write the diary stems and branches for each month。Use 30-31 Janes later,Write odd-numbered months starting with November、The size and stems and branches of each month。In leap years, add 6 more coins at the end,The first one says "Later September" and the size,The next five slips are from right to left、Write the stems and branches bet365 bonus code indiana month in six columns from top to bottom。When used,Looking column by column from right to left (the ancients called it "sidewalking")。
The length bet365 bonus code indiana bamboo slips used,"Ten Years Quality Day" is 28 cm,About 30 cm in other years。
Annual Bamboo Slips,We use three ropes (commonly called "braiding") to form a volume from right to left。Quality log book preserved in volumes,All centered on the last slip,Rewind from left to right,The title "A Certain Year" written on the back bet365 bonus code indiana first slip is exposed,Easy to view。
Under some diary stems,Remember the season。La (also known as "Ke La")、Produce seeds、chufu、Zhongfu、Backward leaning is more common,Winter Solstice、The Beginning of Spring、Summer Solstice and Beginning of Autumn are only seen in 4 bet365 bonus code indiana。
The calendar part bet365 bonus code indiana Qin and Han Dynasty calendar,Generally it should be pre-made,Or purchased finished product。Under the diary stems,leave a blank space,Used to note things。
,bet365 bonus code indiana determined by eight aspects。
1st,Inferred from the shape bet365 bonus code indiana tomb and the characteristics bet365 bonus code indiana burial artifacts,The burial date of Tomb No. 77 is around the Wenjing Period bet365 bonus code indiana Western Han Dynasty (Xiong Beisheng、Cai Dan: "Excavation Briefing of M77 in Yunmengsuihudi, Hubei","Jianghan Archeology" 2008 Issue 4)。
Second,The Quality Day has started in October for more than ten years,In the first year of Taichu (104 BC), Emperor Wu bet365 bonus code indiana Han Dynasty switched to the Taichu calendar、Before starting to use the first month as the beginning bet365 bonus code indiana year。
Third,Early Western Han Dynasty,Only the 13th to 16th bet365 bonus code indiana Emperor Wen’s reign。
Fourth,The twilight day of Bingzi in the ninth month after "Sixteen Years of Quality Day" is connected with the tenth day of October in "The First bet365 bonus code indiana Quality Day" by Ding Chou,Consistent with the situation when Emperor Wen changed the Yuan Dynasty。
Fifth,"Hanshu Five Elements Chronicles" records Bingchenhui in April bet365 bonus code indiana fourth year bet365 bonus code indiana Yuan Dynasty after Emperor Wen、Xinweisuo, the first month bet365 bonus code indiana seventh year,Same as the two-month Shuohui stems and branches recorded in "Four Years of Quality Day" and "Seven Years of Quality Day"。
Sixth,The twelve-month lunar stems and branches of "Seven Years of Quality" in Houyuan Dynasty,It is exactly the same as the new moon stems and branches recorded in No. 684 bet365 bonus code indiana Han Slips "Li" in Hujiaochang, Jingzhou and presumed to be the seventh year of Emperor Wen's reign。
Seventh,The prime day bet365 bonus code indiana nine years that has been preserved intact、Partially preserved prime dates of two years,All big and small months and leap month arrangements、Stems and branches of each month and day,With Chen Jiujin、The calendar restored by Mr. Chen Meidong is completely consistent。
Eighth,In the remaining bamboo slips,Eleventh year BC、Sixteenth year and fourth year bet365 bonus code indiana Yuan Dynasty、The titles bet365 bonus code indiana five years are roughly preserved,There is also a fragment of a book with the words "Nian Zhi Day" which corresponds to the fifteenth year bet365 bonus code indiana Christian era,No other scraps of titles are found。Among the five broken slips that mark the solar terms,"Guimao Winter Solstice" and "Guihai Beginning of Autumn" with complete stems and branches, and "〖B〗Hai Winter Solstice" and "〖D〗Chou Summer Solstice" with stems and branches restored according to the next day,In the range of Emperor Wen’s fifth year BC (175 BC) to Emperor Jing’s fifth year BC (152 BC),Only corresponds to the fifteenth year bet365 bonus code indiana Yuan Dynasty (Winter Solstice of Guimao) and the fifth year bet365 bonus code indiana Yuan Dynasty (the other three slips) respectively。This means,In the remaining bamboo slips,You can find three dates that are not well preserved (11 BC、Evidence bet365 bonus code indiana existence bet365 bonus code indiana fifteenth year and the fifth year bet365 bonus code indiana Yuan Dynasty,But there is no sign of overflowing the period from the 10th year of Emperor Wen’s reign to the seventh year of his reign。
Due to damage due to railway construction,A total of 718 pieces with serial numbers during cleaning,Most of them are better saved;There are more than 1,700 unnumbered fragments。The bamboo slips unearthed in roll form,Contains nine basically intact years (the 10th year of Emperor Wen’s reign、Twelve years、Thirteen years、Fourteen years,The first year of Houyuan、Two years、Three years、Six years、Seven Years) and two more broken but recoverable years (Sixteenth Year BC、"Quality Day" in the fourth year bet365 bonus code indiana Yuan Dynasty。
Conjugation and positioning of fragments,Is the hardest part of organizing。According to calendar、Position and height of each column、Stems and branches writing style and related records,After repeated consideration,Fragments and spliced fragments,Part of it is related to "Sixteen Years of Quality Day" in BC Yuan Dynasty、The splicing of broken bamboo slips in Houyuan's "Four Years of Quality",Reduced the degree of damage to these two volumes;Part of it is located,Constitutes the eleventh year BC、The fragments bet365 bonus code indiana three years of quality in the fifteenth year and the fifth year bet365 bonus code indiana Yuan Dynasty;The remaining parts are described in scraps。
Correct conjugation and positioning of fragments,Get richer、Valid message,Promote text restoration and interpretation。But it’s very difficult to do,We need to try many ways,Thinking over and over again。Sometimes you are lucky,How many groups can be found in a day。Sometimes,Sitting all day long,At a loss。We encourage each other with "every inch of simplicity and every inch of heart",Striving for it,Progress little by little。Research team members usually write their findings into short papers,Posted in WeChat group discussion。Slip No. 2 of "Eleven Years of Quality" was assembled and located from 8 fragments,is an example bet365 bonus code indiana research team’s collaborative work from February to September 2022:
(1-1)0216,Huang Haobo: 238-04-13+258-14-14。Chen Wei: seems credible。By example,The following should be followed by the word "来"。
(1-2)0414,Lei Hailong: ①238-03-13+238-15-01+258-03-08+261-02-23;② 4 tablets including 238-03-134 can be further conjugated with 2 tablets including 238-04-13。Chen Wei: 238-03-13 and bet365 bonus code indiana 4 pieces can be called close;The conjugation of 4 tablets with 2 tablets including 238-04-13 needs to be verified。
(2-1)0331,Lei Hailong questioned the first remaining character of "Chao" bet365 bonus code indiana preliminary interpretation of 048-02。
(2-2)0420,Cai Dan pointed out that this word should be interpreted as "国"。Unanimously approved。Chen Wei: interpreted as "Ji",bet365 bonus code indiana a very important discovery。
(3-1)0921,With Cai Dan、After consultation with Huang Haobo,Lei Hailong proposed: (1-2) The conjugation group can be conjugated through 238-03-14 and 048-02,forms the lower half bet365 bonus code indiana bamboo slips with the fourth to sixth columns (Jiyou, Wushen Dao Zhangtian Laizhi Ji, Ding Wei will be Sikong)。Unanimously approved。
(4-1)0218,Huang Haobo proposed that the (1-1) conjugation group (Wushen Dao Zhang Tian) is related to the "Ding You (May 19) Yue Ren Zhang Tian" positioned as the 51st day bet365 bonus code indiana 11th year of quality.,"Wushen" is June 1, the eleventh year。
(4-2)0921,Based on the work of (3-1),"Wushen Dao Zhang Tian came to govern" is more consistent with what was written by Ding You on the 51st day bet365 bonus code indiana 11th year bet365 bonus code indiana Qing Dynasty,At the same time, it is also related to 207-09-03 "Yimao (June 8) Zhiji Already" which can be positioned as the 9th slip bet365 bonus code indiana 11th year bet365 bonus code indiana Qing Dynasty。Contact font style、Related factors such as the height of each column,The research team identified the concatenated group formed by 8 fragments as Jane No. 2 bet365 bonus code indiana 11th year bet365 bonus code indiana zodiac。
Before the finalization bet365 bonus code indiana volume of "Quality Day",We also carefully considered the positioning bet365 bonus code indiana fragments one by one,Remove short films with insufficient evidence,Try to make the results of sorting and restoration stand the test of time。
(This article is a phased result bet365 bonus code indiana National Social Science Fund’s major project “Compilation and Research bet365 bonus code indiana Slips Unearthed from the Western Han Dynasty Tomb No. 77 in Yunmengsuihudi” (16ZDA115)
(The author is a senior professor of humanities and social sciences at Wuhan University、Member bet365 bonus code indiana National “Ancient Characters Project” Expert Committee)
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