In recent years，Outside -school training institutions industry's accurate entry threshold is too low、Identity positioning is blurred、Dance of training content at low end、Teacher Management Chaos、Recruitment false publicity、Ignore education law、Materials such as lack of quality and other issues have damaged the good ecological environment of educational development。The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly requires the construction of a high -quality education system，Standardize off -campus training institutions。The country has issued a number of policy documents，Initially achieved significant governance results in rectifying off -campus training institutions。To further deepen the strength of governance，It is necessary to speed up the construction of government departments、Industry Association、Training Institution、Family and School's "Cooperative Good Governance" diversified governance mode。

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Early management stage。As early as March 2013，​​"Notice on the Development of the School of Compulsory Education" (notice of the school's "burden of thousands of miles" activity "(Taoji One Hall letter [2013] No. 13) requires encouragement and advocating more training institutions to join the" Convention on Self -discipline of Extra -School Training Institutions for Primary and Secondary School Students School 》，Standardize the qualifications of the training institution、Service、Quality and charge，Performing social responsibility，Carry out green training。June 2015，The Ministry of Education issued the "Regulations on the Forbidden Primary and Middle Schools and on -the -job Elementary and Middle School Teachers for Compensation Course" (Teacher [2015] No. 5)，Requires to carry out solid and orderly development of special governance activities with compensation courses，Resolutely stop random charges such as compensation lessons。

Special governance starting stage。February 2018，"Notice on effectively reducing the special governance operation of extra -school training institutions to carry out extra -school training institutions" (Maoji Hall [2018] No. 3)，Proposed the six major governance tasks and rectification Bet365 app download requirements of off -school training institutions，Therefore, the special governance activities of about one -year off -school training institutions nationwide in the country。March of the same year，To ensure the smooth implementation of the special governance work of off -campus training institutions，"Notice on Accelerating the Special Governance of Outside School Training Institutions"。August，The General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Regulating the Development of Outside School Training Institutions" (National Office [2018] No. 80)，The normative development of outside school training institutions must adhere to the "specifications in accordance with the law、Classification Management、Comprehensive policy、Coordinated Governance "principle，Standards from clear setting、Approval registration in accordance with the law、Standardized training behavior、Strengthen supervision and management、Methods such as improving the ability to educate people in primary and secondary schools have been put forward。September，"Notice on the Rectification of Special Governance and Rectification of Outside School Training Institutions" (Taoji Hall [2018] No. 8)，Proposed the special governance work of off -campus training institutions has entered a comprehensive rectification stage。December，"Notice on Printing and Distribution Primary and Middle and Middle School Students' Burns Measures" (Taoji [2018] No. 26) issued，Further clarify and strengthen the government、School、Outside school training institutions、House and other parties responsibility，Promoting the reform of the way of education，Development quality education，Standardize the development of school running behavior and development of off -school training institutions。until January 2019，Special governance rectification work of off -school training institutions is basically completed，Under the strong supervision and guidance of national policy documents，The governance of the education and training market in my country has achieved significant phased effects。May 2019，To consolidate the special governance results of off -school training institutions，The "Notice on the" Prospects of the Special Governance of Outside School Training Institutions "(Taoji Hallhan [2019] No. 33) decided to carry out the special governance of off -school training institutions" Looking back "activity，The content includes the overall effect of special governance、Training institutions regulate business situation、Establishment of long -term mechanisms, etc.。

Online governance stage。Bet365 app download With the development of Internet information technology，Exids training activities quickly transferred from offline platforms to online platforms，Online training has now become the main way for off -school training activities。Due to the current network regulatory system, there is still a certain shortage，Lack of normative constraints in the development of some off -school training activities。July 2019，In order to further regulate the healthy and orderly development of off -school training activities，"Implementation Opinions on Regulating Outside School Training" (Education Jihan [2019] No. 8) Release，Requires the completion of the nationwide training and institutional filing investigation before the end of December 2019; the national unity of the country will be basically established before the end of December 2020、Department Cooperation、Supervision system linkage up and down。

The consolidation phase of the governance results。To further consolidate the governance results of off -school training institutions，2020，The state continues to introduce a series of policies，Carry out governance work from both aspects of strengthening supervision and standardized school running behavior。In terms of strengthening supervision: In order to prevent illegal and illegal training rebound，Reduce students' over -curricular burden，The General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Strengthening the Management of Extra -School Training Institutions during the winter vacation during the winter vacation" (Teaching Bisai [2020] No. 1)，Require localities to strengthen inspection and supervision、Strict prevention of rolling money running、Strengthen policy propaganda guidance、Changtong Complaint Report Channel。March，The General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Affairs of Education and Teaching in Primary and Middle School Education in Spring 2020"，Requires strict control of training behavior of off -school training institutions，Not approved by the provincial education department，Outside -school training institutions shall not carry out offline training activities without authorization。To urge all places to strengthen governance，The Office of the Education Supervision Committee of the State Council issued the "Evaluation Plan for Performing Education Responsibilities of the Provincial People's Government in 2020" in June (National Education Supervision Office [2020] No. 3)，The governance of off -campus training institutions as one of the evaluation contents of local governments performing educational bet365 best casino games duties。In terms of standardized school running behavior: May，In order to prevent the premium training behavior of exceeding the standard，The Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Printing and Distributing Compulsory Education Phase Sixth Division Six subjects exceeding the standard for advance training (trial) (Trial)" (Tutoring Hall [2020] No. 1)，Provide a basis for the overall training behavior of overseas training institutions for primary and secondary school students in various places。June，To resolve the dispute between out -of -school training and refund fees，Protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to the contract，The Ministry of Education and the State Administration of Market Supervision jointly formulated the "Election Training Service Contracts (Demonstration Text)" (Demonstration Text [2020] No. 2)，The content reflects the primary and secondary school students in the training process of participating in off -campus training institutions，Each link must be clearly responsible for the parties、Right、Li Relations，Especially for training charges、Training refund and liability for breach of contract has made detailed regulations。October，The General Office of the Ministry of Education、The General Office of the State Administration of Market Supervision issued the "Notice on the Rangeing of Rights for Rights of the Using unfair formats of out -of -school training institutions to use the clauses of unfair formats to conduct centralized rectification" (Tao Ji Hall letter [2020] No. 28)，This centralized rectification mainly targets various types of primary and secondary school training service agencies to use contract unfair format clauses to violate consumers' rights and interests。

Comprehensive deepening phase。July 2021，To effectively improve the level of school education，Continuous standardized off -campus training (including online training and offline training)，Effectively reduce the burden of overweight operation and off -school training during the compulsory education stage (hereinafter referred to as "double reduction")，The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China、The General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Further Reduce the burden of student homework and off -school training in the compulsory education stage"，Proposal adherence to strict governance，Comprehensively regulate off -campus training behavior。The introduction of the policy of "dual reduction" marks the beginning of the comprehensive deepening Bet365 app download stage of my country's education and training market governance。July，The General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on the Special Rectification of Gifts and Gifts for Elementary and Middle Schools and Teachers' illegal Gift Gifts" (Teacher Hall letter [2021] No. 17)，​​Decided from July 2021 to March 2022，Carry -up classes for primary and secondary schools and teachers across the country and teachers for illegal receipt of gifts and gifts。The same month，The General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Further Clarifying the Academic and Non -disciplinary Scope of Outside School Training Discipline and Non -disciplinary Scope" (letter and supervision hall [2021] No. 3)，Clarified the discipline and non -disciplinary scope of the compulsory education stage。

　　Path selection of education and training market governance

Use the power list and other methods to clarify the regulatory scope and power boundary of government departments，Optimize the industry market access system。The phenomenon of imbalance in the configuration of administrative power in the education and training market supervision process，Concentrated manifestations of multi -managing power and responsibility。The management department of the education and training institution includes the education administrative department、Industry and Commerce Department、Human Resources and Social Security Department、Multiple departments such as the financial department，The scope of responsibility is unclear、Industry access standards are unknown、Insufficient regulatory manpower、Selective law enforcement and other problems。It should be further improved legislation，Use laws, regulations and policy content to clarify the supervision responsibilities and power boundary of government departments; on the basis of clarifying the scope and power boundary of the government departments，Equipment of full -time personnel is responsible for the establishment and schooling of online and offline education and training institutions，Establish a solid backing of human resources for the management of the education training market; combined with the supporting mechanism to fully mobilize the supervision enthusiasm of the central and local government departments，Prevention from the occurrence of inaction，Avoid the problem of selective law enforcement due to policy lease。

Develop education third -party intervention in education and training market governance，Give full play to the coordinated governance role of the industry association。United States、Japan and other foreign governance experience indicates，Relax market Bet365 lotto review access control and provides admission evaluation services by the National Industry Association，Give full play to the standardized role of local industry associations，Can effectively promote the standard development of education and training institutions。You can try to cultivate third -party organizations to intervene in education and training market governance，Formulate industry standards by the National Industry Association，The establishment and running of the training institution by the local industry association is responsible for reviewing the training institution;，Continue to maintain a third -party characteristic of the industry association。

Encourage education and training institutions to actively carry out autonomy，Promote the formation of a benign competitive mechanism for schools and education and training institutions。Dual incentive mechanism inside and outside promotes the active autonomy of education and training institutions，Improve the ability of self -improvement and standard development of online and offline training institutions，Make it clear that its rights and responsibilities in education development，Really realize self -management、Self -constraint、Self -development，Promoting the formation of a benign competition interactive mechanism for the formation of quality education and off -school training activities，Make off -school training activities really a useful supplement to school education。

Guide the family to establish the correct and reasonable educational investment consciousness，Avoid blindness and from public psychology。Education and training needs are an important factor for the formation of the education and training market and rapidly growing。Blind consumption and unreasonable education investment is one of the reasons that lead to many chaos in the current education and training market。This will aggravate children's academic burden，Then it affects the normal development of school education，also increased family economic pressure。So，It is particularly important to promote the education and training market governance from the demand side。Can be lectured through knowledge、Campus preaching and other methods to carry out family education guidance，Help parents establish the correct and reasonable concept of education investment，Avoid blindness and from public psychology，Chaos of the development of education and training market from rational demand port，Compared with the effective governance of the education and training market。

(This article is the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan" of the National Social Science Foundation bet365 Play online games "Education Training Market Governance Path and Monitoring Index Study" (AFA190018) phased results)

(Author: School of Economics, Shandong Normal University; Education Policy Research and Management Center of Shandong Normal University)