From the perspective of value orientation，Education evaluation can be divided into educational evaluation of scientific orientation、Education evaluation of managementist orientation、Education evaluation of humanistic orientation and educational evaluation of governance orientation。Four value orientation has been essentially the four leaps of education evaluation theory，It is the course of education evaluation that is "constructed -deconstruction -reconstruction"，It is a negative dialectical cycle of the negation of "individual -organization -society -individual"，is the progressive progressive，Dialectical unity of this body theory and value theory，Reflects the trend and characteristics of education evaluation with the times。

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Education evaluation of scientific orientation。The late 19th century and early 20th century，With the development of science and technology，Systematic、Standardized、The scientific management movement pursuing efficiency，Objective、The quantitative evaluation mode and system will be established。The idea of ​​"running the school like an efficient study factory" has begun to prevail in the field of education，Education evaluation begins to present scientificist orientation。Its main features include: first, scientific rationality。Pursue scientific and objective，Most possibilities and restore objective facts。The second is standardized measurement。Strive for truth、Objective、Standardly measure the student's academic power，Prepare choice、Reference for certified students or schools。Third, standardized procedures。Have a clear goal、Standard evaluation procedures and strict operation steps，Evaluation program logic is tight、Holdings，Irline、Irline。

This evaluation idea and model laid the basic ideas and theoretical framework for educational evaluation，Especially the core concept proposed Bet365 lotto review by Taylor，It still has important significance and value。But it emphasizes science and objective、expectations of value without value、Expectation of certainty、Expectation of linear，Ignoring the subjective initiative and real educational situation of people。Expansion with the educational function，Education's "Quality Standards" becomes more and more complicated，Social demand for education has also increasingly showing a diverse characteristic，Conflicions of various value gradually appear。These are all challenged to ignore the standardized evaluation method of "value"。

Education evaluation of managementist orientation。After the 1960s，Education evaluation of managementist orientation gradually forms。Its basic characteristics include: First, pay attention to the connection between education and society，Emphasize efficiency。Second is to emphasize value judgment attributes，It is believed that education evaluation is not just an objective reflection and restoration of the real situation，More importantly, it is necessary to obtain decision -making judgments。Third, "the purpose of evaluation is not proof (prove)，and improvement (improve) "。

Education evaluation of managementist orientation is maintaining the operation of the school，Guarantee normal teaching、Play an important role in scientific research order，It is still a global paradigm，For example, "college certification" in the United States、The British "Quality Assurance and Quality Review" and my country's "university and discipline assessment" have been injected into modern management theory and technology to a certain extent。But，The practice in the field of management education in accordance with the concept of the industrial and commercial department also attracted a lot of criticism and questioning，Because there are many differences between the two。For example，The industrial and commercial community emphasizes customer orientation、Product consciousness，The field of education emphasizes knowledge orientation、Elite consciousness; the industrial and commercial community emphasizes unification、bet365 best casino games Order，The field of education must pay attention to differences and symbiosis; the industrial and commercial community values ​​hard indicators、Reasonable thinking、Scientific calculation、Linear logic，The field of education is even more important to soft indicators、Sensitive thinking、Intuition judgment、Vague logic; the industrial and commercial community focuses on external forms，The field of education focuses on connotation development。

Education evaluation of humanistic orientation。Education evaluation has been emphasized since the date of birth、Objective、Normative，It did not gradually move closer to humanism until the 1970s。The basic feature of educational evaluation of humanistic orientation is: First, pay attention to people's needs and value，Pay attention to "human thought、The role of concepts and experience in evaluation "。Second is those who are concerned about interests，The evaluation process is through negotiation、Dialogue、The process of mutual understanding and cooperation to construct educational significance。Third is to oppose presetism，Persist in relativism，Promoting qualitative evaluation，Preset of Education targets，Follow the evaluation process and practical situation，Follow the non -expected effect。

The basic assumption of educational evaluation of humanistic orientation is "existence consensus"，Evaluation is to seek consensus，When reaching a consensus，or when the time and energy are exhausted，The evaluation process is over。But the reality is not that，The end of many evaluation processes may not be based on a consensus，Instead of depletion of resources。There is still inequality in power status in the evaluation、Undefended Questions，It is impossible to guarantee that all stakeholders' voices are heard。Another，Education evaluation of humanistic orientation negative。But the certainty does exist，Because there is no certainty, there is no science。This evaluation depicts an ideal country of evaluation，But due to the lack of specific evaluation standards and systems，It is difficult to achieve in reality。

Education evaluation of governance orientation。In recent years，Affected Bet365 app download by global governance theory and practice，The value orientation of educational evaluation has shifted to governance。Although it cannot be accurately summarized by all its features，But you can give some descriptive judgments。One is problem -oriented。The purpose of the evaluation is to solve the real problems in the field of education，"Evaluation = Fact Description+Value Judgment+Results Use"，and focus on the use of results。The second is quality -centered。The core and purpose of educational governance lies in improving quality。​​The quality here is the quality side by side，Not only the teaching quality of the teaching of the teaching of scientificist value，It is not to emphasize efficiency under the value of managementist values ​​and ignore quality。The quality here is comprehensive quality，requires high -quality education results，It also requires high -quality education process，It also includes a high -quality educational environment。Third, based on benefits for negotiation。The core task of educational evaluations is to classify different demands、Integrated，Formulate an evaluation plan that meets the demands of different interests，VIA to make the right educational decision in a complex and changeable world。

　　Education evaluation value orientationevolution law and trend

Value is the main line of education evaluation。Education evaluation is essentially a value judgment activity，Value issue is always the main line of education evaluation。Although scientists have been emphasizing "value is not involved"，But the position of this expected value neutrality is exactly the manifestation of value。From the perspective of value，Human understanding and transformation of the world has experienced this body theory、Value Theory、Value one yuan、Value dual、Diversified value to the process of unified value。Corresponding to it，Education evaluation also experienced two major turns，That is, the activity from the activity that does not involve the value (educational goals)，Then to the existence of diversified bet365 best casino games value。From the initial measurement description facts，Value of the person who follows the evaluation，Then pay attention to the value of the evaluator and the appraiser，The value of those who follow the stakeholders。Logic of value development，People's understanding and value orientation of value always deepen in constant criticism and self -denial。Although the contradictions and conflicts of diversified value in the field of education evaluation are constantly，Future education evaluation will definitely go to the unified value of diversified value。

People are the core of education evaluation。The development of education evaluation reflects the continuous deepening of human understanding of human beings，Reflected human subjective initiative。Take down in scientificist value，People are used as tools for promoting social development，The main purpose of educational evaluation is to select and select qualified tools -educational products。Humanity assumptions that are taken downward by managementist value are "economic man"，is the maximization of pursuit of its own interests，Education evaluation begins to pay attention to the value and needs of people。Human people start to call for human liberation，Education evaluation reflects the meaning of the service individual，Catalytic development of personal free will。People in the governance era are natural people、People in society、People of the spirit。The level of the target of education evaluation is also getting higher and higher，From the needs of the person who follows the critics to the quality improvement of the person who follows the evaluation，It is a negative dialectical cycle process of "individual -organization -society -individual" negative。

Demand is the guide for education evaluation。The development and change of education evaluation reflect the characteristics of demand -oriented。The initial educational evaluation was mainly to meet the needs of the evaluation subject。As the society attaches great importance to education，Education measurement mode with value -oriented value of evaluations、Educational bet365 Play online games evaluation model that needs to be used as a value -oriented educational evaluation model to become the mainstream，The main orientation of judging the value of educational value with social needs and social utility。Adapt to it，Different evaluation modes also appear with this，If the target mode of value orientation with social needs、CIPP mode with social utility as the value、Constructionist model and negotiated democratic mode with the needs of stakeholders and demand。

Multi -subject is the development trend of education evaluation。The main body of educational evaluation has experienced three stages: "single pole", "double pole" and "multi -pole"。"Single Polar" mode，Completely evaluate education work in accordance with the objective measurement conclusion，The evaluated person has no right to speak on the evaluation plan and results。"Double Polar" refers，The demand of the evaluated person is respected，Its enthusiasm、A initiative is exerted。In the "multi -pole" era，Evaluation、Evaluation objects and all the stakeholders are widely contacted，Jointly determine the evaluation content、Formulate an evaluation plan，Make education evaluation meet the needs of different subjects。In the progress of the "single pole" - "double pole" - "multi -pole"，Education and Evaluation Democracy、The trend of popularization is continuously strengthened，The evaluation subject is becoming more and more diversified，The energy of each subject can be publicized，The relationship between subjects has also developed from the opposition between the main and guests to the negotiation dialogue、The relationship between equal communication。

Look at it historically，Education evaluation always revolves around the debate of "facts" and "value"。Scientificism、Managementist、Four value orientation of humanism and governanceism reflects the trend and characteristics of education evaluation with the development of the same social development。Although there are time in time，But they are not the discarding process of mutual replacement。In a long period of historical bet365 Play online games period，They intertwined each other、tolerance of each other，and continuously innovate and improve the educational evaluation theoretical system and practical mode in the contention of each other。

(This article is the Study of the State Social Politics Lesson Focus Teaching Model based on the theory of Education Education "(19VSZ067)

(Author Unit: School of Political and Public Management of Zhengzhou University; School of Marxism at Zhengzhou University)