July 2021，The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China、The General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Further Reduce the burden of student homework and off -campus training in the compulsory education stage"，It aims to reduce the burden of student homework and off -school training during the compulsory education stage (hereinafter referred to as "double reduction")。About the implementation of "double reduction"，It has always received much attention，It seems that this is not just a "hot spot" for a while，but a long -term event，Therefore, we need to start with the reform of the education examination system，Realize the long -term "double reduction"，and make it return to normal education and teaching activities。What should be reduced in the "double reduction" process?，From the perspective of the reform of the education examination system，The consistent suggestion is "reduction of the entrance examination"，But the "reduction of high school entrance examination" must not be a general way and method reform，It should be focused on the root cause -the 12 -year compulsory education should be popularized as soon as possible to achieve the long -term and normalization of "double reduction"。

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Education and examination is a pair of twin brothers，From the day of the school，With education, there are many ways to test。On the one hand，The test is used to detect the degree of mastery of students' learning，At the same time, it is also taught for inspecting teachers' teaching content; on the other hand,，With the increasingly prominent status of school education，The exam is also used to evaluate the implementation of school education goals and the quality of education。For this，The impact of the examination system on education from ancient times to the present，Whether it is positive or negative，All are very important and profound。For the imperial examination system，It has no direct relationship with education，Just a test system for the selection of officials in ancient China。However, due to school education and students' reading and social talents, closely connected with Bet365 lotto review scholars，Therefore, in ancient society，The imperial examinations are seriously controlled by school education and social atmosphere，Affecting school education content、Quality of talent training、Education and teaching atmosphere and the enthusiasm of the reader。

As long as there is an examination system，It is very easy to cause students to be overweight，In particular, the influence of the examination system with diversion and selection on student studies is greater，The middle school entrance examination is such an examination system。The role of the high school entrance examination system has actually played two: one is to evaluate the quality of the nine -year compulsory education school in the province and city as a unit; the other is to guide junior high school students to divert at ordinary high schools and middle vocational schools。but，With the popular development of the popularization of higher education，Students accept higher levels of education needs gradually rising，The role of the middle school entrance examination system is more prominent，Junior high school students to Pu Gao and Vocational Heights，The dividing line that is generally highly valued by parents and students，This triggers the irrational competition of "inner rolls" in the society，Caused the schoolwork burden of compulsory education sections。Now，The implementation of the implementation of the middle school entrance examination system on the 9 -year -old compulsory education section of students and their parents，far exceeding the original intention of the establishment of this test system，Simply diverted through the single wooden bridge through the middle school entrance examination, some students on ordinary high schools，and the other part of the students entering secondary vocational schools。This kind of diversion label the child prematurely，Makes them thrown on the other side of society when they are ignorant at the age of 14，To a certain extent, the child's creativity and adaptability，Principles of fairness in basic education。Compared with the high school entrance examination and college entrance examination，The diversion of the middle school entrance examination is only two types of general high and job high，The channels are more single; and there are more universities bet365 best casino games after the college entrance examination，Diversion and layered channels are also diverse。According to the principle of nearby effects，The closer the thing is，The more influenced on the person who is in the situation。For this，Student parents are most concerned about whether their children can pass the middle school entrance examination line，The most anxious thing for students is that they are not in the middle school entrance examination line and are looked down on by students，The inner roll of the inner volume of primary and secondary school education in the society is from this，Students' curriculum burdens are like Dominopile effects，From kindergarten、Chain reaction occurred in junior high school in elementary school。So，It is necessary to promote the Popularity of Popularization of Compulsory Education for Twelve and Middle School Compulsory Education，Institutional guarantee "double reduction" effective implementation，Promoting basic education towards normal development。

　　Popularity of 12 -year compulsory education is an active measure to achieve long -term "dual reduction"

Zi Kang Youwei、Liang Qichao and others proposed the implementation of primary school compulsory education in the renovation reform in the late Qing Dynasty，China's popularization of compulsory education has a history of more than 100 years; during this time, it has experienced extension from junior elementary school to senior elementary school to junior high school，The current status of compulsory education for nine -year compulsory education in primary and secondary schools is achieved。The regular characteristics of the history of the development of century compulsory education are，Popularized education and compulsory education complement each other，It is based on the popularity and development of primary education，After having a certain condition, start implementing compulsory education in a certain paragraph; in order to ensure the effective implementation of popular education，Gradually determine its obligation in the form of laws and regulations、Free、Compulsive、Content requirements such as fairness and equilibrium。At the same time，History of Centennial Compulsory Education Development also proves，The profound changes in modern Chinese society have caused the effectiveness of compulsory bet365 live casino games education.，Established with the People's Republic of China as the watershed: more than 50 years in the first 50 years，The people are in the hot water，The implementation of compulsory education, whether the discussion or the policy is mostly a piece of paper; the last 50 years，Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China，National long -term rule，Social politics、Economy、Cultural and educational environment provides strong guarantee conditions for popularization of compulsory education，Fully completed the strategic goal of popularizing nine -year compulsory education in 2011，Realized a phased dream of the Chinese people's popularization of compulsory education in the past 100 years。but，Compulsory education The uneven and high -quality balanced development of the development of compulsory education between counties and urban and rural areas，It is still a key issue that improves the quality of compulsory education and fully realizes the fairness of compulsory education。For this，The State Council Supervisor Committee launched the county -based compulsory education balance development evaluation and actual promotion work in early 2013，By December 2020，All counties in the country (city、Area) The overall completed and passed the basic equilibrium assessment and determined。October 2019，The Ministry of Education decided to complete the assessment and identification of the balanced development assessment of the national county regional compulsory education，Carry out a new county compulsory education high -quality balanced development supervision evaluation and identification work。From this perspective，my country's compulsory education has basically formed the objective situation from nine -year to twelve -year system，It is manifested in: First, after 2021, the year of the "14th Five -Year Plan" starts the new journey of a comprehensive construction of a socialist modernization country，Provincial province (district、Municipality directly under the Central Government) belonging to the county (city、District) On the basis of consolidating the balanced development of compulsory education in the county，It will gradually realize the high -quality and balanced development of county compulsory education，From then on, the great project of the twelve -year compulsory education will be opened，Bet365 app download The development of high -quality basic education supports the construction of human resources and comprehensive power.。The second is the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan" (2016-2020) period，All provinces and regions and municipalities across the country have begun to implement three -year free education in high schools，Some economically developed cities and counties implement earlier，Therefore, it provides necessary conditions for most students to receive high school education。According to the Ministry of Education's "Main Results of the National Educational Division of 2020", the Ministry of Education shows，2020，High school stage hair enrollment rate reaches 91.2%。This indicates that the popularization of high school education has achieved expected goals，It also laid a solid foundation for the popularization of compulsory education for 12 years。

but the existing objective status quo is，Municipal and counties shall hold ordinary high schools and vocational middle schools in high school in accordance with the policy and regulations，and there is a hard rule of learning indicators，Students who are willing to receive high school education，Diversion is two parts: ordinary high school and secondary vocational schools。This has caused discussions on the following two issues: First, do China have to speed up compulsory education in recent years from nine -year system to 12 -year system extension? Second, is it necessary for secondary vocational education to transform into higher vocational education?，The objective situation and basic conditions of compulsory education in my country's twelve -year compulsory education have been formed，Popularity of 12 -year compulsory education is an inevitable trend of the basic education of developed countries in the world，Building our country into a rich and strong、Democratic、Civilization、Harmony、The objective requirements of the beautiful socialist modern power country。Economics and education in various provinces and regions in my country，Each city and county can gradually popularize the twelve -year compulsory education through segments (the total years can be appropriately reduced by 1 year)，And promoted secondary vocational schools into higher vocational and technical colleges。For this，We surveyed some counties、District Education Director Leader，They think，School buildings and teachers that have popularized bet365 best casino games high school compulsory education are basically available，And running ordinary high schools to save money than to run a vocational middle school，Parents and students are happy。The second question also has a clear answer: First of all，Educational systems that develop in parallel development of ordinary high schools and vocational middle schools cannot remain static，It should make great reform and innovation in the actual needs of social development。2002，The State Council issued the "Decision on Vigorously Promoting the Reform and Development of Vocational Education"，It is proposed to focus on secondary vocational education，The proportion of maintaining vocational education to ordinary high school education is roughly equivalent。Implementation of this policy，In a certain period of time, a large number of ordinary industry workers have been cultivated for my country。but 20 years of time，With the rise of my country's industrial level and the promotion of intelligent manufacturing technology，The training model of students entering secondary vocational schools after graduating from junior high school can no longer meet the needs of technical workers in high -end industry development。Next，From the perspective of the education needs of students and parents，"Labor Law of the People's Republic of China" stipulates that "workers who have reached the age of sixteen at the age of 18" are "minors"，These people enter the labor market prematurely，It is easy to adversely affect their physical and mental health and personal future development; at the same time，This age group is a critical period for students to grow and mature from teenagers from teenagers to young people，It is their basic knowledge、The best time to shape ideas and morals，It is also an important academic period for receiving ordinary high school education; and，Most students parents also want their children to enter ordinary high schools，Accept the complete basic scientific and cultural knowledge education。So，After the balance of the balanced development of county compulsory education in my country，The compulsory education of primary and secondary schools in the twelve -year system should be gradually promoted as soon as possible，Terminate at the end of the middle school stage、High two -level segments，Popularized compulsory education in ordinary high schools，Bet365 app download Improve secondary vocational education into higher vocational and technical education。From this，my country's primary and secondary schools can implement "five、six "" six、Five "or" six、Six "full primary school and the 11 -year or 12 -year consistent system of 11 or 12 years of middle school。This is one of the important contents of improving the construction of the academic system with Chinese characteristics，It is also a system guarantee that effectively realizes the long -term "dual reduction" and long -term effect。

(Author Unit: Department of Education, Shaanxi Normal University)