In recent years,bet365 bonus bets technologies such as artificial intelligence shape new forms of bet365 bonus bets labor。People enjoy the freedom and convenience brought by bet365 bonus bets labor at the same time,Also facing the crisis of being obscured by bet365 bonus bets platforms and intelligent algorithms。Then,The body of bet365 bonus bets labor subject、Consciousness and the living world,How to present a bet365 bonus bets abstract picture?Social factoryization and labor play,How to lead to the dissolution of the boundaries between work and entertainment?bet365 bonus bets platform as an “intelligent machine”,How to complete the general intellectual absorption of professional bet365 bonus bets workers and prosumer bet365 bonus bets workers?This article is based on the perspective of philosophical criticism,Reflect and explore some issues in bet365 bonus bets labor。
Theories and Controversies
The concept of bet365 bonus bets labor can be traced back to the theory of “audience commodity”。Dallas Smythe pointed out,The commodity form produced by mass media technology is "audience",That is, most people’s non-sleeping time is working time,These working hours are used for the production of general goods and the production and reproduction of labor force。Once the audience commodity theory was proposed,This has triggered controversy among many scholars、Criticism or support,The formation of three theoretical paradigms about bet365 bonus bets labor: the political economy of communication、Immaterial labor theory and labor theory of value。
Emphasis on the paradigm of communication political economy,Mass media is an integral part of the economic system,bet365 bonus bets technology transforms audience commodity labor into an “attention economy”,That is, attention is a scarce and quantifiable commodity。Due to the “information overload” of bet365 bonus bets technology and mass media,Causing people’s attention to become the driving force for economic development。Compared to the political economy of communication,Immaterial labor theory puts more emphasis on the transformation of labor forms。Facing Cognition、The increasingly prominent role of information and communication in value creation,Immaterial labor has become the dominant form of society。On the one hand,The skills involved in labor are increasingly transformed into automation and computer control skills。On the other hand,Immaterial labor transcends work in the general sense,Constitute a kind of universal intelligence。Based on Marx’s labor theory of value,Scholars represented by Christian Fuchs constructed the bet365 bonus bets prosumer labor theory。In bet365 bonus bets platforms,The production of surplus value is not limited to the programming employed by bet365 bonus bets platforms、Update、Maintain software and hardware、Marketing and other personnel,Also extends to bet365 bonus bets platform users who are content producers。The productive labor time of the former is the labor time of salaried employees,The latter is the time users spend on bet365 bonus bets platforms。bet365 bonus bets labor can be roughly divided into three forms: bet365 bonus bets platform professionals and technicians with an employment relationship;There is an employment relationship、Paid bet365 bonus bets platform gig workers;Unpaid and non-employed bet365 bonus bets platform users。
Although there are certain controversies and multiple interpretation paradigms in the manifestations of bet365 bonus bets labor,But there is always a core issue at the practical and theoretical levels: the relationship between people as subjects and bet365 bonus bets platforms。Accurately grasp and fully control the working status of bet365 bonus bets users、Pace of life、Emotional needs、Based on political expression,bet365 bonus bets platforms have become the “existence of the big other” that obscures the “laboring subject”。Therefore,bet365 bonus bets labor criticism also concerns the alienation of bet365 bonus bets labor、The dissolution of leisure and labor、Issues such as platform control and self-discipline。
Social ethical risks
First,bet365 bonus bets labor alienation。bet365 bonus bets labor takes bet365 bonus bets platforms as its field,With the purpose of creating value,The relationship between “data” and “bet365 bonus bets subject” is constructed as masked existence and alienation,Thus leading to the collapse of workers’ subjectivity。First, bet365 bonus bets control of the subject’s body。In bet365 bonus bets labor,The subject’s body is digitalized like never before。Updated from status、Image upload、Video production to the behavior trajectory continuously generated by sensor equipment,The geographical location of body practice、Sports、Appearances generate large amounts of data,Cyber body transformed into business、Management and economic value of bet365 bonus bets bodies。Therefore,bet365 bonus bets body transformed into bet365 bonus bets identity,Constructed a "code creature" jointly shaped by intelligent algorithms and big data。As a measurable thing,bet365 bonus bets identity continuously tracks newly generated data,It may even produce a kind of data hegemony over real body practices,Thus influencing and controlling people’s behavior。The second is the bet365 bonus bets deprivation of subject consciousness。bet365 bonus bets platforms expand people’s social practice space,It also potentially places the subject’s consciousness in a sheltered state。bet365 bonus bets labor subjects share online、Like、Post、Forwarding and other behaviors,Implied emotional tendency、Ethical and moral principles and consumption concepts, etc.。The bet365 bonus bets platform digitally categorizes and codes these behaviors,Infer from this、Forecasting and publishing related information,And provide it to more bet365 bonus bets users in a tailor-made way。This kind of treating bet365 bonus bets users as audiences,And the behavior of large-scale commercial application of its attention and awareness to obtain value,Also regarded as labor that creates value。and,The emotional participation and influence of bet365 bonus bets labor subjects are often transferred to bet365 bonus bets platforms without the control of the subjects,bet365 bonus bets platforms will constantly monitor user interests、Usage behavior、Browsing behavior、User content and social relations, etc.。In the process,bet365 bonus bets platform users become prosumers,bet365 bonus bets labor is alienated。
Second,Laborization of leisure time。The bet365 bonus bets labor field has changed,The workplace expands from “factory” to “life world”,Society becomes a function of the factory,That is, the factoryization of society。Pointed out by Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt,The factory is no longer a centralized place of labor and production,The labor process has gone beyond the factory walls and faced the entire society,Labor is at the center of the living world and becomes a ubiquitous presence。bet365 bonus bets labor is no longer limited to creating value within a specific time and space。The formation of social factory,As a result, bet365 bonus bets labor has the dual dimensions of entertainment and productivity。The relationship between work and play is changing,A hybrid form of “bet365 bonus bets work” emerges。“bet365 bonus bets work” is not only a leisure activity,Also brings things like stable customer loyalty、Technological innovation and economic value such as reducing developers’ R&D and marketing costs。In this sense,bet365 bonus bets labor actually reconstructs the boundaries between entertainment and work。bet365 bonus bets labor has eroded and plundered the time of the living world,That is, working time extends to leisure time,Leisure time transformed into work time。Fox pointed out,Daily life is divided into typical working time and free time,The corresponding places are also divided into workplaces and home places。To obtain more profits,Enterprises will try their best to increase surplus labor time or improve social labor productivity。Therefore,bet365 bonus bets accelerationism is being born,It no longer simply extends the remaining labor time,But turn leisure time into working time。
Third,bet365 bonus bets Platform Discipline。As a technological intermediary between people and the living world,bet365 bonus bets platform systems have transcended the tool dimension,Has an "abstract power"。bet365 bonus bets platform through quantification、Extract,Simplify life into data that can be recorded and exchanged,All the data produced by individuals is aggregated into an abstraction - a bet365 bonus bets commodity that can be continuously bought and sold。bet365 bonus bets labor has changed the traditional use of material means of production,Instead, use intelligent algorithms and bet365 bonus bets platforms as much as possible to capture information exchange in non-material productive labor、Emotion、Cognitive ability、General intelligence factors such as cooperation,Then the bet365 bonus bets labor subject continues to be digitally generated、Value increases with copying and repeated use。In the control of bet365 bonus bets labor process by intelligent bet365 bonus bets platform,A remarkable phenomenon is,Important decision-making rights are gradually delegated to intelligent algorithms,Thus constructing a bet365 bonus bets control based on algorithmic power。Algorithm is not only a logical operation based on big data,And carry out more and more important decisions in our lives,Becoming a new social power middleman driven by big data,Promote the automation of social management and control,And improve the efficiency of capital accumulation。So,bet365 bonus bets platforms are not objective and neutral tools,It is an automated control mechanism with social power and driven by bet365 bonus bets capital。It identifies various types of people through classification、bet365 bonus bets labor behavior and structural preferences,Reshaping the way we work in social and economic systems。What’s worse,bet365 bonus bets platform collects and integrates information、Judgment and decision-making、Execution and feedback shape a strong bet365 bonus bets labor order。
Countermeasures
Facing the social and ethical risks of bet365 bonus bets labor,We are not unrealistically giving up the convenience of bet365 bonus bets platforms。But the ethical risks inherent in bet365 bonus bets labor,We need to give critical examination and thinking。What the bet365 bonus bets platform shows seems to be a pure relationship between numbers,But it essentially involves the confrontation between intelligent machines and bet365 bonus bets workers,The underlying reason is the new social relationship model co-constructed by the logic of intelligent technology and the logic of bet365 bonus bets capital。Facing the formation of intelligent production methods of bet365 bonus bets labor and bet365 bonus bets labor slavery、bet365 bonus bets poor、bet365 bonus bets divide and other issues,How to build a bet365 bonus bets platform for responsible innovation,Building bet365 bonus bets ethics and promoting data sharing,Becoming a realistic choice to avoid social risks of bet365 bonus bets labor。
First,Building a responsible bet365 bonus bets labor platform,Clear the boundaries of bet365 bonus bets enterprise behavior,Improving the bet365 bonus bets labor legal system。Constructing well-ordered bet365 bonus bets labor,Effectively protect the rights of bet365 bonus bets workers,Inseparable from the responsible innovation of bet365 bonus bets platform companies and the supervision of the legal system。bet365 bonus bets platform companies should transcend pure capital logic,Based on stakeholder feedback and public good,Construct effective mechanisms and governance framework。Also,Ethical constraints are only a soft social governance method,A rigid legal system is still needed。Facing multiple forms of bet365 bonus bets labor and the opposition and conflict between platforms and labor,How to ensure that labor protection laws can better adapt to changes in intelligent labor methods at the legal level,And better protect the personal safety of bet365 bonus bets workers、Data Privacy、Social Welfare、Income distribution、bet365 bonus bets product intellectual property rights, etc.,Become an urgent problem to be solved。
Second,Building bet365 bonus bets commons,Promote data sharing。In data capital can be continuously captured、Reproduction and recycling of surplus value creation,Capital accumulation in turn constructs a world composed of data。Data is the result of bet365 bonus bets workers interacting with society,Cannot be possessed solely as private property,A bet365 bonus bets commons that is collectively owned to a certain extent and in a certain amount should be built,Let bet365 bonus bets workers equally participate in bet365 bonus bets production、In all aspects of allocation and decision-making,Thus realizing the public ownership and bet365 bonus bets sharing of bet365 bonus bets capital,Dissolving the inherent contradictions and social risks of bet365 bonus bets capital。
Third,bet365 bonus bets labor subjects should construct their own ethics,Cultivation of bet365 bonus bets literacy and awareness of bet365 bonus bets labor rights protection。Facing the immersive life scenes shaped by bet365 bonus bets technology,The increasing autonomy of intelligent technology,Causing human subjectivity to be obscured。bet365 bonus bets labor subjects should have independent data awareness,Data literacy for participating in the construction of bet365 bonus bets platforms and interacting with data,So as to effectively avoid the potential data inequality of bet365 bonus bets labor、The black box and non-transparency of algorithmic decision-making、Discrimination and liability issues on bet365 bonus bets platforms。
(This article is part of the National Social Science Fund’s major project “Research on the Prevention of Ethical Risks in Artificial Intelligence” (20&ZD041) phased results)
(Author’s affiliation: School of Marxism, China University of Mining and Technology)
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