Reading Mr. Wei Qingyuan (1928-2009) 's "Zhang Juzheng and the Middle and late Ming Dynasty Political Bureau" (Guangdong Higher Education Press 1999 edition; "Twilight Yaoguang: Zhang Juzheng and the Middle and late Political Bureau of the Ming Dynasty"，Jiangsu Phoenix Literature and Art Publishing House 2017 edition)，I have two very strong feelings，First, pay attention to the collection of data，Second, the whip in the analysis of people，The two are closely related。

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As Mr. Xu Hong said in this book，This book fully refers to the "common" historical materials such as "History of Ming Dynasty", "Mingshi Record", "The End of the Ming History Chronicle"，More quoted essay、Note、More than 150 letters，65 species of local history。Collection、Note、Most of the letters，The author is Zhang Juzheng's contemporary person;，43 species in the Ming Dynasty。This is not just a digital problem，Instead, it shows Mr. Wei’s attitude towards "Shi Yuan"。So，When reading this book，It seems to be the story of the people at that time。Not only that，Related works of modern and contemporary Chinese scholars，Japan、Related works of Korean scholars，Fundamental background。Through this book，Generally, you can know that Zhang Juzheng in the academic community research status and basic evaluation。

To explain that even during the "liquidation" period，There are still many officials who "speak for righteousness" for Zhang Juzheng，Mr. Wei listed the Zhao Shi Zhao Jin、Hanlin Academy Zuo Yide Yu Shenxing、The Ministry of Criminals Shangshu Pan Jijiu、Lu Guangzu, the waiter of the official department、Huguang Deputy envoy Luo Wenli and others played。If this is "common" information，So when discussing the relationship between Zhang Juzheng and the former governor of Huguang，The historical materials used in the main include: Zhang Jingxiu's "Taishi Zhang Wenzhong Public Business"、Li Xuan's "Mr. Li Yuan Xing Xing Xing Xing Xing Xing Xing Xing"、Xu Xuemo's "Xu's Sea Collection"、Fu Weilin "Mingshu"、Zhu Huaiwu "Zhao Dai Strategy"、Gu Yan's "Poetry of the Park Stocking Poems"、Xu Fuzhang's "Three Village Elderly Committee Talks"，and Zhang Juzheng's "Zhang Taiyue Collection" "Wu Chuquan, South Palm Hospital", "Selected Li Shitang", "Promise Governor of Bet365 lotto review the Heaven", "The Gong Gong of the South", "Zhao Linyang with the South Palm Hospital", "Fuck Jiang Wang Shaofang" Book of Zhou Shaolu "and other books。

Zhang Juzheng explained his conference as: "Children's Children，Theft is famous，Delivery flexion、Song、Class、Horse，Not a good person。Zone 1，Holding it at your fingertips，Abandoning the industry，And the classical。Comparison and three years，The new merit is not finished，Old business has been Wu。Remember what I did at the time，Suitable for laughing and self -point。Jiachen No. 1，Then I can measure my strength，Finding the previous way，Night and night thought，Fortunately, Yi Cheng，Fortunately, Yi Cheng，But only one to stop the ear。"" And Mr. Wei thinks，It's not exactly like Zhang Juzheng said，The important reason is that after the middle of the middle，Zhang Juzheng puts his main energy in the study of the world，Eight shares of the science field。After the imperial examination failed，He found that he still had to look back to attack the disdain of disdain，To get the name，This can enter the officialdom，Give full play to your talents。

For this，Mr. Wei emotioned: "How many intellectuals in China are in the front window of the front window，Time to take half a lifetime or even life -long energy to figure out this useless learning，It is nothing more than because it is closely linked with the rich and rich，It is nothing more than because this was the most important way out at that time.，Therefore, he is willing to devote himself to Emperor 彀。The consciousness network of autocratic rule is woven so thorough，The traditional lazy power is so powerful，Even if Zhang Juzheng, who became a generation of giants later, couldn't be from outside。He must also use this narrow road and knock on the door of the front of the front，can it be among the political stage，Playing your own role! "This explanation is in line with the real Zhang Juzheng and the reality of the Ming Dynasty。Not only this is Zhang Ju，Known as the Ming Dynasty Qi Festival、Article、Wang Yangming (Shouren), the first person in the industry, is also the same。

Wonderful everywhere

This book writes not only Zhang Juzheng's personal，I also hope to show the era at that time。So，Speaking from the style，Biography of character biography，Not a simple character biography。This is exactly the strength of Mr. Wei，So it can be seen everywhere。

The relationship between Xu Jie and Yan Song，Especially Zhang Ju is being thorough between the two，and Zhang Juzheng and Gao Gong from Bet365 lotto review the intersection of life and death to each other，Mr. Wei has a reasonable analysis，The description of the political situation during the Jialong period，Even more refined: "In the situation of special complex and difficulties at that time，Xu Jie is a person who is able to respond to and has talents and performance ... but，Time is developing，The nature of contradictions and their solutions also change。After entering the Longqing Dynasty，Those who have insight in the opponent are faced with a true virtue、The internal and external trapped internal and external trapped in Jiajing、Rotten stalls in the crisis，It is not just satisfied with the moderate omissions and disadvantages，Elected request for update，Various advocates sound waves，Just like the flood discharge，Po Tao goes straight。Xu Jie and Li Chunfang's voices for these voices，After being blank，After being blank，Even there is any disgusting，Unable to accept a sharp turn，Still holding the gods who are holding 'restore the ancestors' laws' to deal with ... while at the same time，Gao Gong and Zhang Ju regularly adopt a completely opposite attitude。Gao Gong is in its "Except Eight Disdible"，Zhang Ju is in his "Chen Liushu"，Can build a high house，Put forward a series of large (hit) breaks，Plan based on change，Persistence changes，Tong Zexing，Never hold the disability and lack of absence。”

The first generation manages the first generation，A new generation of politicians in an era。Mr. Wei starts from this perspective，I believe that I only understand the upper position of Gao Gong and Zhang Juzheng from the perspective of power competition、Xu Jie and Li Chunfang's exit，It does not fully reflect the substantial content of the struggle。Although it does not deny the power struggle factors among them，But it should not be limited to power struggle，There should be deeper political content。Mr. Wei pointed out，Longqing cabinet members are not only different from political concepts，There are also ideological and academic opposition，This is both a refraction of divergent political opinions，It is also an important reason for political division。To Xu Jie、Li Chunfang、Zhao Zhenji three as the main representative，"Yang Mingxue" developed on the basis of Lu Jiuyuan's "Heart Study"; the other side is the verbal respect for Confucius and Mencius、Actually, Gao Gong and Zhang Juzheng，Both of them respect and learn。"The relationship between Zhang Juzheng and Xu Jie is more subtle。On the bet365 live casino games one hand，get along with the two parties，No cracks have never appeared in public，Always express care of each other、Promoting and device emphasis; but on the other hand，In the political program and academic direction，Originally hidden a distinct difference "。After entering the Longqing Dynasty，Facing the new situation，or reform reform to open a new road，or repair the old system for cause and cause，The two began to part ways。

Showing the character's style、At the same time of the characteristics of the times，Mr. Wei shows human care everywhere，As he said: "Historian large end，In good, good and evil，‘Beauty and evil will not hide，Each from actually '。"" But to do this，How easy is it to talk about，So he said specially: "I am very willing to adhere to the principle of not being unharmed，Can discuss the book of this book from multi -level and multi -sides。But in the process of thinking and writing，When evaluating and judging some complex litigation issues，There is also a confusion that I am afraid of inaccurate，Deeply feels unable to catch。"On the other hand，The position of Mr. Wei's history is clear: "History is the most emotional，It is conducive to the livelihood of the country and the people's livelihood，People and things that help human society progress，All will be given affirmation and commendation; history is the most ruthless，It has all the disasters of the country and the people，Reverse trend development，All the dirty characters and words and deeds，All will be exposed and criticized for a clear attitude。”

It is precisely because of this attitude of "like a thin ice"，Injects your rich life experience and strong family feelings，This book not only gets praise from the academic community，and have a good social reflection。Mr. Xu Hong called it "Since the Biography of Zhang Juzheng，The deepest、Most justice、The most ‘beauty and evil，Each of the great works of each "。Evaluation of these，I feel the same deep。

Individual details need to be processed

Due to the huge volume、Various content，Although Mr. Wei tried to "discuss the book of the book from multi -level and multi -sides"，But on some details，I still haven't handled it clearly。

For example，Jiajing 19th year (1540)，Sixteen -year -old Zhang Ju is holding a trial in Huguang Township; 26 years of Jiajing，Zhang Juzheng at the age of 23。From libraous to Jinshi，There are two subjects in the middle，That is the twenty years of Jiajing、Twenty -three years，Various records only say that Bet365 lotto review the 23 years of Jiajing，Zhang Juzheng will try it No.，But the year after the 20th year of Jiajing，Zhang Juzheng participated in the test，Zhang Juzheng did not say，No explanation of various information，I hope to see the explanation in Mr. Wei's work，But there is no。

Especially the legend is the broadest、The most popular story about the governor, Gu Yan, deliberately refused to let Zhang Juzheng, a 13 -year -old Zhang Juzheng.，Mr. Wei has arranged many information，but did not really sort out clearly: a，Zhang Ju was for Xiucai, or the next year, did you go to Wuchang to see the governor and the governor. two，He came to Wuchang this year，Is it to see Gu Yan or participate in the township test? three，Has he participated in the township test? Four，Is he really admitting，But because of Gu Yan’s love，Stop him from the middle of the year?

The reason why these questions are raised，It is because of Mr. Zhu Dongrun's "Zhang Juzheng's Biography" (Kaiming Bookstore 1945 edition) specially rendered this。This incident is not only familiar with the history of the Ming Dynasty，And for the history of the Ming Dynasty、Care about Zhang Juzheng's friends outside the circle is familiar with。I think this is full of loopholes，I hope to see Mr. Wei’s explanation。Mr. Wei based on Zhang Jingxiu's "Zhang Wenzhong Public Delivery" based on the son of Zhang Juzheng Zhang Jingxiu.，I did not notice another sentence afterwards: "Next year，Save trial。"Because I ignored this sentence，So Mr. Wei wrote: "Fifteen years of Jiajing (1536)，Housing is being admitted as a student，That is, when I came to Wuchang, the provincial capital of the provincial capital to participate in the township test。"" But，Jiajing Fifteen Years is not the year of the trial，The Township Test is the 16th year of Jiajing in the second year。Materials listed by Mr. Wei，It can only explain that Gu Yan's emphasis on Zhang Juzheng and Zhang Juzheng's gratitude to Gu Yan，It cannot implement Zhang Juzheng's 16 -year township test in Jiajing and the examiner is ready to be admitted.。Just opposite，If Gu Yan really stops，It's unreasonable，Who can guarantee that Zhang Juzheng will be in time next time?

Another example，Zhang Jingxiu's "Taishi Zhang Wenzhong Public Delivery" and Li Xuan "Mr. Yuanyang Xingxing, Mr. Zhongxi, Jingzhou Prefecture"，There are contradictions in the records of Zhang Juzheng's official studies as members。At that time，Jingzhou Zhifu is Zhang Jingxiu's Li Shizheng，Or Li Yuanyang said by Li Xuan? Mr. Wei discovered this contradiction，but bet365 live casino games not implemented，Just add a attachment，"For reference"。If you look for "Jingzhou House"，This problem should be solved。

In a 800,000 -word book，There are these subtle questions，It is not strange to stand in theory。but，Because this is an event with legend in Zhang Juzheng's life，Following too high，So there are still conclusions or reasonable explanations.。

Collect and organize materials for day after day

Mr. Wei in the "post -book"，With such a paragraph as the end of the book: "On the date of the book of this book，It happens to be the seventy period of my year。Time is very valuable，I should work harder。”

When I first read this book many years ago，I don't feel it at all for this sentence，But this time read，But I can't help feeling，According to the traditional Chinese algorithm，I am also seventy year，But there is no time that Mr. Wei is very valuable、The idea of ​​working harder。This is probably our generation，To be precise，It should be the biggest difference between people like me and Mr. Wei，The sense of mission is not as strong as him。Of course，Even Mr. Wei's generation of scholars，I am as energetic and mission as he is，Not too much。

Mr. Wei has a lot of academic titles，and being well -known universities at home and abroad such as Harvard University、Oxford University、Hong Kong University of Science and Technology、Taiwan University of Political Science and others hired as guest professors or researchers。But in my impression，He does not seem to hold any "administrative position"，Therefore, there is no way or disdain to mobilize manpower and material resources to "get big projects", "out of the big results", "winning awards"。Even after becoming famous，He is still like an ordinary staff of a archives、General "front -line workers" in the factory，Gathering in the archives and libraries day after day、Set up materials，Then complete your own work。Cherish time、Work hard，So Mr. Wei after completing this work，"Macau History Draft" was published in 2005。Especially when he was 80 years old，Published a historical novel that is even larger than "Zhang Juzheng and the Mid -Ming Dynasty Political Bureau "-" Zhengde Fengyun: Dangzi Emperor Zhu Houzhao Biography "(Guangdong People's Publishing House 2008)。This spirit，It is admirable，It's impressive。

Qing people Liu Xianting said: "Only one emperor，Taizu Gao Emperor is also; only one phase，Zhang Ju is also。"This is probably the highest evaluation given by Zhang Juzheng for future generations。bet365 live casino games Zou Yuanbiao was impeached Zhang Juzheng and was stood by Tingzheng，Although the sequelae is dropped，But insist on Zhang Juzheng's vindication，His view of Zhang Juzheng's eight words: "Gong is in the society，Passing in the body "，Perhaps it can be said to be a relatively objective evaluation。Although there are many opinions，But the overall evaluation of Zhang Juzheng，When the state Chengping，The key lies in the times and positions。When the state Chengping，Emphasize social freedom and openness、Emphasize self -restraint and moral adherence time，Zhang Juzheng is generally criticized。and when the country is in danger，Need someone to righteousness、Put out of it，Wan Building will lean in the hits、Society is overwhelming，Zhang Juzheng is generally praised，Because society needs Zhang Juzheng like this、People who can do things。

Research on Zhang Juzheng、different evaluations of him，It will exist for a long time。No matter how the descendants are evaluated，Zhang Juzheng is still Zhang Juzheng，That only the prosperity of the country、Zhang Juzheng, who does not care about his former name and behind。

(Author is a senior professor at Jiangxi Normal University、Director of the Academic Committee of Jiangxi Normal University、Former Vice President of the Chinese Ming History Society)