Read "bet365 games and the Political Situation in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty" by Mr. Wei Qingyuan (1928-2009) (Guangdong Higher Education Press, 1999 edition；"Glory in the Evening Sun: bet365 games and the Political Situation in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty"，Jiangsu Phoenix Literature and Art Publishing House 2017 Edition)，I have two very strong feelings，First, attach great importance to data collection，The second is a thorough analysis of people and things，The two are closely related。

Make full use of a variety of historical bet365 games

As Mr. Xu Hong said in the preface of this book，This work fully refers to "common" historical materials such as "History of the Ming Dynasty", "Records of the Ming Dynasty", and "Ming Dynasty Chronicles"，More cited collections、Notes、More than 150 kinds of letters，Also quoted 65 kinds of local chronicles。Collected Works、Notes、Most of the letters，The author is a contemporary of bet365 games；In local chronicles，There are 43 species in Ming Dynasty。It’s not just about numbers，But it expresses Mr. Wei’s attitude towards “Shiyuan”。So，While reading this work，It seems that people at that time told stories about that era。Not only that，Related works by modern and contemporary Chinese scholars，Japan、Related works by Korean scholars，Also have a panoramic view。Through this book，You can generally know the research status and basic evaluation of bet365 games in the academic community。

To illustrate that even during the "liquidation" period，There are still many officials who "speak up for bet365 games"，Mr. Wei listed Zhao Jin, the censor of Zuodu、Hanlin Academy Zuo Yude Yu Shenxing、Pan Jixun, Minister of the Ministry of Punishment、Lu Guangzu, the Minister of Official Affairs、Memorial from Huguang Deputy Envoy Luo Wenli and others。If this is considered "common" information，So when discussing the relationship between bet365 games and Gu Lin, the former governor of Huguang，The historical materials used mainly include: Zhang Jingxiu's "The Practice of Grand Master Zhang Wenzhonggong"、Li Xuan's "The Journey of Mr. Li Zhongxi, the Magistrate of Jingzhou Prefecture" in Yuanyang、Xu Xuemo's "Xu Family's Haiyu Collection"、Fu Weilin's "Mingshu"、Zhu Huaiwu's "Chronicles of the Zhao Dynasty"、Gu Lin's "Xiyuan Preserved Poems"、Xu Fuzuo's "Talks of the Elders of Sanjia Village"，As well as "With Wu Chuquan of Nanzhangyuan", "With Wenxuan Li Shitang", "Governor of Yingtian", "With Prince Nan Lieqing", "With Zhao Linyang of Nanzhangyuan", "With Cao Jiangwang Shaofang" and "With Nanzhang" in bet365 games's "Collection of Zhang Taiyue" "Zhou Shaolu, the head of the hospital" and other writings。

bet365 games explained his second grade in the examination as: "Children passed the exam，Reputation for counterfeiting，Pretending to be submissive、Song、Class、Horse，No different people。A mere first place，Easy to get，I gave up my career，Striving for the Classics。Wait three years，New work not yet completed，The old business is gone。Recalling what I did then，Suitable enough to laugh and nod。Jiachen Xiadi，Then try your best，Rediscovering past mistakes，Thinking day and night，effort，Fortunately, the art is successful，However, I only got the first stop。"Mr. Wei thinks，The truth is not exactly as bet365 games said，The most important reason is after winning the election，bet365 games focused mainly on the study of managing the world and applying it，Disdain for the stereotyped writing in the examination room。After failing the imperial examination，He found that he still had to go back and study the meaning of Disdain again，To gain fame，This is how you can enter the officialdom，Use your talents。

　For this reason，Mr. Wei sighed: "How many intellectuals in China are reading the classics under the lamp in front of the window，Spend half a lifetime or even a lifetime trying to figure out and study this useless knowledge，It is simply because it is closely related to fame and wealth，It’s just because this was the most important way to show off one’s family and make one’s name at that time，Therefore, he willingly threw himself into the emperor's cave。The web of consciousness of autocratic rule is so carefully woven，The inertia of tradition is so powerful，Even if bet365 games later became a giant, he could not escape from the outside。He must also pass through this narrow road and knock hard on the door in front，Only in order to enter the political stage，Play your own role！”This explanation is consistent with the real bet365 games and the reality of the Ming Dynasty。Not only bet365 games is like this，Known as having Ming Dynasty integrity、Article、The same is true for Wang Yangming (Shouren), the most accomplished person。

Wonderful bet365 games can be seen everywhere

This work is not only about bet365 games himself，I also hope to show that era。Therefore，In terms of style，It is also a biography，It’s not just a biography。This is also Mr. Wei’s strength，So wonderful things can be seen everywhere。

Regarding the relationship between Xu Jie and Yan Song，Especially the dealings between bet365 games and bet365 games，And bet365 games and Gao Gong went from life and death to conflict with each other，Mr. Wei has reasonable analysis，Description of the political situation during the Jialong period，It is even more accurate: "Under the particularly complex and difficult situation at that time，Xu Jie is a man who can adapt to situations and is very talented and accomplished...but，The times are developing，The nature of conflicts and their solutions have also changed。After entering the Longqing Dynasty，The wise people in the government and the public face self-righteousness、The internal and external difficulties left over since Jiajing、A dangerous mess，No longer satisfied with just fixing the loopholes and correcting the disadvantages，And urgently require updates，Various voices advocating reform，Just like opening the floodgates to release floods，The waves are falling。Xu Jie and Li Chunfang responded to these calls，Startled at first，Bewildered afterwards，Even disgusting，Unable to accept a sharp turn，Still holding up the sacred banner of "restoring the ancestral law" to deal with... and at the same time，Gao Gong and bet365 games adopt completely opposite attitudes。Gao Gong in his "Abolition of Eight Disadvantages"，bet365 games's "Chen Liu Shi Shu"，Everyone can be in a good position，Propose a series of big (break) rules，A plan based on change，Adhere to change and rule，Tong Zexing，We should never be conservative anymore。”

One generation manages one generation’s affairs，An era needs a new generation of politicians。Mr. Wei starts from this perspective，Think that the rise of Gao Gong and bet365 games can only be understood from the perspective of power competition、The elimination of Xu Jie and Li Chunfang，Does not fully reflect the essence of the struggle。Although we do not deny the power struggle factor，But it should not be limited to power struggle，There should be more profound political content。Mr. Wei pointed out，The members of Longqing’s cabinet not only have different political philosophies，There are also ideological and academic conflicts，This is a reflection of differences in political opinions，It is also an important reason for political divisions。With Xu Jie、Li Chunfang、Zhao Zhenji and three people are the main representatives，Respect the "Yangming School" developed on the basis of Lu Jiuyuan's "Xinxue"；The other party pays lip service to the teachings of Confucius and Mencius、Gao Gong and bet365 games who actually follow Legalist doctrine，Both of them respect practical learning。And "The relationship between bet365 games and Xu Jie is more subtle。On the one hand，Both parties get along，No rift has ever appeared publicly，Always show care for each other、Praise and respect；But on the other hand，In terms of political program and academic direction，There are originally hidden differences between Jingwei and Jingwei”。After entering the Longqing Dynasty，Facing the new situation，Or implement reforms to find a new path，Or repair the old system to keep in line，The two began to part ways。

Showing the character、At the same time, the characteristics of the times，Mr. Wei shows humanistic care in every aspect，As he himself said: "Historian Daduan"，In good and evil，‘Don’t hide the good and the evil，According to the truth’。”But do it，Easier said than done，So he said specifically: "The author is very willing to uphold the principle of not making false accusations or flattery，Be able to discuss the biography of bet365 games book from multiple levels and aspects。But in the process of thinking and writing，When evaluating and judging some complex litigation issues，There is also a fear of confusion，Feeling deeply incompetent。”On the other hand，Mr. Wei’s stance on history is clear: “History is the most sentimental，It is beneficial to the national economy and people’s livelihood，People and things that are conducive to the progress of human society，We will all give due recognition and praise；History is the most ruthless，It is responsible for all harm to the country and the people，Developing against the trend，All treacherous and filthy characters and words and deeds，Everyone will be exposed and criticized with a clear attitude。”

It is precisely because of this "walking on thin ice" attitude，Injecting his rich life experience and strong feelings for his family and country，This work has not only been well received by the academic community，And it has good social reflection。Mr. Xu Hong called it "since the biography of the famous bet365 games"，The deepest、The most just、The best person who can't hide the good and the evil，According to the truth’s masterpiece”。For these reviews，I feel the same。

Individual details need bet365 games processed

Due to the huge size、Lots of content，Although Mr. Wei tried to "discuss the biography of bet365 games book from multiple levels and aspects"，But on some details，Still not handled clearly。

For example，Nineteenth year of Jiajing (1540)，Sixteen-year-old bet365 games passed the Huguang Provincial Examination；Twenty-sixth year of Jiajing，bet365 games became a Jinshi when he was twenty-three years old。From Juren to Jinshi，There are two examinations in the middle，That is, the 20th year of Jiajing、Twenty-three years，Various records only mention that one time in the 23rd year of Jiajing period，bet365 games will try the next one，But the 20th year of Jiajing was the year after the imperial examination，Did bet365 games participate in the examination，bet365 games didn’t say it himself，No information has been provided，I hope to see an explanation in Mr. Wei’s work，But no。

Especially the legend is the most widespread、The most talked about story is about the governor Gu Lin deliberately preventing 13-year-old bet365 games from being elected，Mr. Wei arranged a lot of information，But it’s not really sorted out: 1，bet365 games went to Wuchang to meet Governor Gu Lin in the second year when he was a scholar？二，He came to Wuchang this year，Is it to meet Gu Lin or to participate in the provincial examination？三，Whether he participated in that provincial examination？Four，Whether he really should have been admitted，But because of Gu Lin’s love，Prevented him from winning the election？

The reason for raising these questions，Because Mr. Zhu Dongrun's "The Biography of bet365 games" (1945 edition of Kaiming Bookstore) particularly exaggerated this incident。This matter is not only well known in the Ming history circle，And because I like Ming Dynasty history、Well known to friends outside the circle who care about bet365 games。I think this thing is full of loopholes，Hope to see Mr. Wei’s explanation。Mr. Wei said that bet365 games was a scholar in the 15th year of Jiajing's reign, according to the "Grand Master Zhang Wenzhonggong Xingshi" written by Zhang Jingxiu, the son of bet365 games，But did not notice that there was another sentence after it: "Next year，Just save the test。”Due to ignoring this sentence，So Mr. Wei wrote: "The fifteenth year of Jiajing (1536)，After being admitted as a student，I came to Wuchang, the provincial capital, to take part in the provincial examination in the autumn of that year。”But，The fifteenth year of Jiajing was not the year of the rural examination，The provincial examination was held in the second year, that is, the 16th year of Jiajing。The materials listed by Mr. Wei，This can only explain Gu Lin’s respect for bet365 games and bet365 games’s gratitude to Gu Lin，It cannot be confirmed that bet365 games participated in the rural examination in the 16th year of Jiajing and the examiner was about to admit him but was stopped by Gu Lin。Quite the opposite，If Gu Lin really stops it，It’s unreasonable，Who can guarantee that bet365 games will win next time？

Again，Zhang Jingxiu's "Grand Master Zhang Wenzhonggong's Travels" and Li Xuan's "Jingzhou Prefecture Magistrate Mr. Zhongxi's Yuanyang Travels"，There are contradictions in the records when bet365 games entered the official school as a student member。At that time，Is the prefect of Jingzhou the Li Shigao Zhang Jingxiu said，Still the Li Yuanyang Li Xuan mentioned？Mr. Wei discovered this contradiction，But not implemented，Just added a postscript，"For reference"。If you check "Jingzhou Prefecture Chronicles"，This problem should be solved。

In a big book of 800,000 words，There are these subtle problems，Logically speaking, it’s not surprising。But，Because this is a legendary event in bet365 games’s life，Too much attention，So it is better to have a conclusion or a reasonable explanation。

Collecting and organizing materials bet365 games

Mr. Wei in "Postscript"，Conclude the book with bet365 games paragraph: "The day bet365 games book was finalized，It happens to be that I am turning seventy。Time is very precious，I should work harder。”

When I first read bet365 games book many years ago，I don’t feel bet365 games sentence at all，But reread bet365 games time，But I can’t help but sigh，According to traditional Chinese algorithm，I am also over seventy years old，But time is not as precious as Mr. Wei’s、Thoughts to work harder。bet365 games is probably our generation，Precisely，Probably the biggest difference between people like me and Mr. Wei，The sense of mission is not as strong as his。Of course，Even scholars of Mr. Wei’s generation，As energetic and mission-driven as he is，Not too much。

Mr. Wei has many academic titles，Recruited by many well-known universities at home and abroad such as Harvard University、Oxford University、Hong Kong University of Science and Technology、Employed as a visiting professor or researcher by National Chengchi University, etc.。But in my impression，He does not seem to hold any "administrative position"，So there is no way or even the disdain to mobilize manpower and material resources to "get big projects", "produce big results" and "win big awards"。Even after becoming famous，He still looks like an ordinary worker in the archives、Ordinary "frontline workers" in the factory，Collecting in archives and libraries day after day、Organizing materials，Then complete your own work by yourself。Because of cherishing time、Work hard，So after Mr. Wei completed this work，In 2005, "Macao History Essay" was published。Especially when he is 80 years old，Published another historical novel that is larger than "bet365 games and the Political Situation in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty" - "The Storm of Zhengde: A Farewell Biography of the Prodigal Emperor Zhu Houzhao" (Guangdong People's Publishing House, 2008 edition)。This spirit，Also admirable，It’s embarrassing。

Liu Xianting of the Qing Dynasty said: "There is only one emperor in the Ming Dynasty，Emperor Taizu Gao is also；Ming only one phase，bet365 games also。"This is probably the highest praise given to bet365 games by later generations。Zou Yuanbiao was impeached by the court for impeaching bet365 games，Although there are sequelae of falling behind，But insisted on rehabilitating bet365 games，He has eight words of opinion about bet365 games: “The merit lies in the country，It’s all about the wealth”，Perhaps it can be said to be a relatively objective evaluation。Although there are different opinions，But overall evaluation of bet365 games，It’s actually not difficult，The key lies in the era and position。When the country is at peace，Emphasize social freedom and openness、Emphasis on self-discipline and moral punctuality，Generally critical of bet365 games。When the country is in danger，I need someone who will never look back、Come forward，Save the building from falling、Save the country from destruction，Generally praise bet365 games，Because society needs bet365 games’s desire to do things、A person who can get things done。

Research on bet365 games、Different evaluations of him，Will exist for a long time。No matter what future generations say，bet365 games is still the same bet365 games，That one only benefits the country and civil society、bet365 games regardless of his past and present life。

(The author is a senior professor at Jiangxi Normal University、Director bet365 games Academic Committee of Jiangxi Normal University、Former Vice President of China Ming History Society)