About the origin of Chinese characters，Seeing wisdom in modern academic circles，The saying is not the same，The terms used are also different。Guo Moruo、Mr. Yu Wu and others with Banpo、The Yangshao cultural pottery of the Jiangzhai site is the main material，It is believed that Chinese characters originated between 6500-6000 years away，Some scholars unearthed from the Bengbu Shuangdun site, Tao Fu believes that Chinese characters originated from about 7000 years away，Some scholars even believe that the oracle symbols of the Jiahu site of Pei Li Gang Culture believe that Chinese characters originated from about 8000 years away。Other scholars' inferences of this time are relatively late，It is believed that the original Chinese characters originated from the late period of Dawenkou，Chinese characters are officially originally originally originally originally originally originally originally originally originally originally originally originally born，About 3600 years away，Some scholars believe that Chinese characters are born in the middle and late stages of the Shang Dynasty after Pan Geng Qian Yin。As for the Tao Rune unearthed from Liangzhu Culture and Oriental Longshan Culture in the late Neolithic period，Although most scholars think it is the original text，But some scholars believe that it may have nothing to do with ancient Chinese characters。

Look at the terms used in the current academic circles，Also messy。Some are called "pottery symbols" or "engraving symbol"，Also known as "Chu Wen", "Original Text" or "bet365 best casino games Simple Text", etc.。But the author does not agree to simply call the pottery engraving symbol as "symbol"，​​This basically has nothing to do with the later text。But it is called "first text", "original text", "simple text", etc.，Because no matter how "original", "simple"，Once "text" is located in the central word location，It should be a formal text。

Look at these different sayings，I thought it was because scholars did not make in -depth analysis from the basic concept of the origin of the text，I did not find a standard that can effectively determine the origin of Chinese characters，So the method is different，Even the opinions of the public。The author analyzes the relationship between text and language，The theoretical and conceptual distinguished text and painting、Text symbol、Non -text symbols and the concept of the name of the formal text。We believe that the nature of "text and painting" is a notes and text -based picture instead of text。Some of the pure geometric symbols in pottery engraving symbols are non -text symbols。Extreme symbol，Saying that they are "text"，Because they can correspond to the later Oracle golden body structure。Say they are still "symbols"，instead of formal text，Because they are generally just single graphics or symbols，It is not clear that they are a word，Still a phrase、One sentence or even a story。Therefore, the text symbols of the single class are not formal text。Look at it for this，In the past, some scholars have regarded the Turtle Lanson symbols unearthed Bet365 app download from the site of Pei Li Gang Jiahu in the past 8,000 years.，Tao Ru, the late Lingyang River site of Dawenkou, Shandong Province, as early text，No theoretical basis。

We have once unearthed in various archeological sites in the middle and late stages of the Neolithic era、Stoneware、Turtle Armor、The symbol of the beast bone carving symbol has been comprehensively organized and studied，Among them, there are sites such as Dongfang Dawenkou Culture and other sites such as Shandong Longshan Culture and other sites; Songze Culture in the Southeast、Hemudu Culture、Liangzhu Culture and later Maqiao Culture，Shuangdun Culture in Bengbu, Anhui; Chengshi Culture, Hubei area in the south、Daxi Culture and later Shijiahe Culture and other sites;、Ma Jiayao Culture、Zongri Culture、Caiyuan Culture，and later Qijia culture、Siba Culture and other sites; especially in the middle and late Banpo sites in the middle and late stages of Yangshao culture in the Central Plains and its northwest region、Jiangzhai Site、Spring Guard Site、Henan Sanmenxia Site、Lingbao Site、Zhengzhou Dahe Village site、Linru Yan Village and other sites。Pottery unearthed through systematically organizing and analyzing these sites、Stone、Turtle、Bone and other utensils engraved on the artifacts、graphics and scribal symbols，It can be seen that during this period, in addition to Southeast Liangzhu Culture and Shandong Longshan Culture，No formal appearing in Chinese characters in most regions。

We believe that the standards and methods of determining Bet365 app download the formal origin of Chinese characters，It should be observed whether they are partially forming words or sentences。It is precisely because we have proposed the standard and method of the origin of the origin of Chinese characters，provides rules and paradigms for observing the formal origin of Chinese characters。According to this rule，The era of the formal origin of Chinese characters determined that between 5500-5000 years today。

We think，The judgment standard formed by Chinese characters should be the word group or sentence。This is expressed by linear arrangement and combination，is the formal formation of text and standards of informal text。Even if there is only a very simple two -three words，You can record the simplest form combination form，Represents the main predicate、Main -pre -predicate guest or partial relationship，This is the phrase or sentence of the initial arrangement of the early texts of the ancestors' early text。Obviously，This linear connection word formation or sentence cannot be pattern or picture symbol，It's not a simple engraving symbol。

According to the above principles，We can judge the era of formal formation of Chinese characters。The text symbols that appear as phrases or sentence clauses are Liangzhu Culture Age，According to this, it can be known，official Chinese characters have appeared between 5300 and 4300 years.。Jiangsu Wu County, Chenghu Gujing Back site unearthed in Liangzhu Culture Black Pottery Tank abdomen with four words (Figure 1)，The words "戌" and "five" in these four words are clear，Packed into a column bet365 best casino games and combined into a complex word group，Most scholars do not read differently，But be sure these four words are the original text。The author thinks it can be set as "戉 (Yue) five clusters (clan). ""Song Ze Culture、Liangzhu Culture、Lingjia Beach and other cultural sites often appear in pottery runes in pottery，It may be a totem or ethnic emblem; although Wu Yuezhi's "Yue" appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period，But its source may be very early。Therefore, these four characters form a partial words。

Another，Liangzhu Culture Layer Culture, Liangzhu Culture, Liangzhu Culture, Black Counsey on the lower level of Shanghai Maqiao site，Among them, there are three words that can be seen clearly: "Enter the field ... 戉 (Yue)" (Figure 2)。These three words are similar to Yinxu Oracle Wing，It should be a verbal group，or omittime sentence。This group of words that appeared in the era of Liangzhu Culture are phrases or clauses text symbols，indicates that the Chinese characters have been formally formed at this time。

Comparison of the Oracle of Yin Ruins and the unearthed archeological utensils，It can be found that there is a text caused by prehistoric archeological relics or physical (such as the pointed bottle of the Yangshao Culture Times)，This provides us with more reliable evidence for us to determine the era of Chinese characters。Through the Oracle "酉" and "C" and the characters of the form or the soundtrack, the tip of the newite Yangshao culture period have a reliable use of the pointed bottle、Comparison of Copyware，Comparison of the shape characteristics Bet365 app download of the hole and half of the hole and the comparative study of the Oracle body structure，We can find that Oracle "酉" and "C" classmates depicted by the lines of pointed bottle depicted，No more appeared after 5000-4800 years away，This provides us with a more clear basis for us to determine the era of large number of Chinese characters。

Compared with the glyphs of the Oracle Bone Jinwen and archaeological materials and ruins of the Shang Dynasty,，It can be seen，It has appeared before Xia Shang，and reflect the shape of objective objects。The word "酉" and the text symbols that are used as a component part of the component appear in the late stage of Yangshao; The second phase of the temple legged to the Longshan culture period; "Gong、Lu、(Yong) "should be in the cultural period of Longshan, Shaanxi。Especially the large number of "酉" in Oracle (Figure 3)、"畐" characters、"C" font structure reflects the shape of the wide shoulder bundle waist -type pointed bottle，The era of appearing should be between 5500-5000 years away。Coupled with the appearance of a classified pottery in the Liangzhu Cultural Period,，It can be seen that the formal formation of Chinese characters should be between 5500 and 5000 years away from today。

(Author is a senior professor at the Liberal Arts at the School of History and Culture of Shaanxi Normal University、Vice President of the Chinese Society of Pioneers of China)