Theoretically speaking，Academic research is the work of the facts of facts。However, the actual situation is，Agreement and influence by various factors，Any researcher may consciously unconsciously confuse value judgment with facts in the process of working。The result of this situation is，Facing the same material，Different researchers often come to conclusions that are not the same or even opposite，The so -called "one thousand people in the eyes of a thousand people"。In the discussion related to the issues related to the origin of civilization involving the origin of Chinese countries and civilizations,，historian、Archaeologists are also unable to outside。This excellently commented that Crozi's "All True History is Contemporary History"。

In the Internet era，Similar situations are even better than，Even folk public opinion will sometimes interfere with scholars' controversy in a irrational way。Recently surrounding Xu Hong、Professor Sun Qingwei and others two miles and summer history、Discussion caused by the study of summer culture，Is a typical case。Netizens who claim to be "civil science" actually call it，"You must adjust Xu Hong away from Erli，​​Otherwise，The Xia Dynasty will not get empirical "。This is not normal, but because the reasons mentioned earlier are also explained。

Simply confuse value judgment to fact fact judgment，This approach not only affects the conclusion of the trustees of the Xia Dynasty。In fact，The core of this research itself lies in the values ​​of the researcher，As Sun Qingwei told everyone straightforward: "(Summer cultural issues) The core of the debate has actually evolved into a philosophical problem of epistemology，related to the position and method of archeologists。"The so -called" method "，In Sun Qingwei, it is actually just a "position" and even embellishment: "The authenticity of the material、Escort the evidence，Still belonging to the surface layer of methodology，More importantly, through the view of the bet365 Play online games historical materials of archeological materials and the historical materials of literature, the context and context of the context，Connected to the ultimate purpose of questioning archeological research，can avoid archeology from being reduced to cold technical research，can avoid losing the humanistic care bottom color of Chinese archeology from ancient history to civilization interpretation。"(Sun Qingwei:" Summer Culture Exploration: Attitude、Method and Evidence，"Light Daily" March 4, 2019, 14th edition) The so -called "ultimate purpose"、The so -called "humanistic care bottom color"，Translation，In fact, it means，Whether Xia Dai is the conclusion of the history of Xinshi related to the question of whether the researchers have the feelings of the Chinese nation。or，One aspect of the meaning is: All scholars who do not treat Xia Dai as the history of believer，Lack of this feeling; without this feeling，It will make "archeology fall into cold technology research"。

I disagree with this statement。I know Honghong for many years，I know what I know with him，Do not doubt that Xu Hong’s feelings are not inferior to Sun Qingwei。I admit，In terms of "the ultimate purpose of archeological research" and methods，The two of them may be different。But I think even more，It is the issue of broad historical research methods and the ultimate purpose of archeology，holding a "cold" attitude，It can last for a long time to keep the "humanistic care bottom color" of Chinese scholars。In other words，Only "icy" that maintains scientific methods and purposes，Only to keep the Chinese self -confidence and pride。Although I have to emphasize it often，But this is actually a common sense problem。The self -confidence and pride of a nation，If it is not built on the solid conclusion of cold scientific research，but the building on the emotional "humanistic care bottom color"，That is to say，Building on the conclusion that the building is judged by the facts guided by value preferences，This self -confidence and pride will be smashed in the morning and evening。

Of course，In the work judgment work，Requires researchers to completely avoid the involvement of value preferences，It Bet365 lotto review is indeed a very difficult thing。but，A good researcher should indeed be strictly requested by this。Unfortunately，Many of our historians have never realized this。So，History should be regarded as science，There is still a long way to go。

This small article will not talk about this problem first。Let's take a step back first，Discussion: Is it only the Xia history as the Yin Ruins and the later history become a letter of history，"Forced" the international academic circles describing China's history must start from the Xia Dynasty，Can Chinese civilization be short -term with civilization in other parts of the world? indeed，Many Chinese scholars have a complex，That is the history of Chinese civilization that demonstrates and sit for 5,000 years。In their opinion，If Xia Dai is not a letter of history，The history of China can only start with the Shang Dynasty or even late Shang，Has the history of 5,000 years of civilization lacked for more than a thousand years? In fact, this is a misunderstanding。Because when we do the above reasoning，Often forgotten: Even if Xia Dai was proved to be a letter of letter，If you calculate from the two miles，The history of China is only 3,700 years。If the conclusion obtained by the research on the project of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties，That is, Xia Dynasty was founded in 2070 BC，This time period is less than 4300 years。

What I mean by saying is，It is just that the Central Plains Culture, which is represented by the two miles, is opened，It is possible to discover the real history of 5,000 years or even longer in China。Simply put，Only jump out of Qin and Han、Warring States、Spring and Autumn、Western Zhou (earlier but the mid -Western Zhou Dynasty) text materials have gradually established and influenced the early tradition of Chinese history to this day，We will discover，The area exploring the "Shin History" of Chinese civilization may also go back to Tao Temple、Shi Ji、Lushan 峁、Two towns、Baodun、Shijiahe and Liangzhu，even goes back to the ancient city of Chengtou Mountain, which is 6,000 years old。These places where Chinese people live in the early days，Among them, the huge ancient city，All are Sima Qian's unknown，Also Western Bet365 app download Zhou、Spring and Autumn、The Warring States Period and the Qin and Han dynasties did not know。Look at the progress of existing academic research, especially archaeological research，We can even assert，There will be more earlier sites outside Central Plains that can be used as the research object of Chinese civilization.。

Of course，Jumping out of the Central Plains Central Center's tradition represented by Sima Qian，First of all, it is necessary to clarify a question: what we say "China" for Chinese civilization，Is it "who China"? Where is Sima Qian，Of course, China is the China of the Huaxia people，That is to say that the center is in Central Plains，The owner is the Huaxia family that mainly lives in the Central Plains。Limited by historical vision，Even if you are outstanding as Sima Qian,，We can't demand it。but but，If today’s historian、Archaeologists are still holding the view of Sima Qian to look at the Chinese civilization tradition.。

Now China，It has 9.6 million square kilometers of land territory、4.7 million square kilometers of China。This China，It is a unified multi -ethnic country created by the people of all ethnic groups across the country。China's glorious culture includes Chinese civilization，It is created by the great people of all Chinese ethnic groups in the Chinese territory today。Clarified this，Values ​​of Chinese scholars，The "humanistic care" spirit and feelings of Chinese scholars，Only a solid foundation that can be sufficient。Only this，We will not be thin and thick，Forget the Chinese civilization you want to explore，Which space is the development。

Everyone may not have much controversy for this。but but，Easy to say，But to bring this value、The spirit and feelings of this "humanistic care" are implemented，Fall in the research work，I am afraid there are many jobs to do。

Researchers now，The concept of "National State" often uses the concept of "national country"。What is the core of the "National State"? Many people have major misunderstandings on this issue。They think，The so -called "national country" is a country built by a single nation。This is completely wrong，In fact, there is no real so -called "single nation country" in the world。The so -called bet365 Play online games "National State"，The concept of a modern country opposite the predecessor of the modern "monarchy god"，Its core is that the legitimate power of the predecessor of modern countries is based on the basis of "God -grade"，The basis of the legitimate power of "national country" is，The people living in this country，No matter what the nation of its origin，Can agree with this country。China，The country of the Chinese nation，It also needs to be consistent with the people who live on this land from different ethnic groups but belong to the people of the Chinese nation。In theory, everyone may agree with this。But in reality，To achieve this better，In addition to emphasizing that the people of various nations agree with China，It also needs the Chinese nation in China to recognize the people of their own ethnic groups。A Tibetan scholar said well，Chinese national identity，Must be a two -way identity，This，The final national identity can be better realized。Actually，The so -called ethnic or ethnic，Is not under the limitation conditions of early productivity, especially in transportation，Is there a long -term living in a special geographical environment? Represents their symbols，Isn't it the culture that they have gradually formed in this environment to adapt to characteristics in a certain local environment? After all，Different ethnic or ethnic groups，Their ancestors may eventually go back to the same great African mother。With the development of productivity，traffic、Exchange is inevitable and convenient，The communication of culture will inevitably become closer and closer，It is really not necessary to emphasize excessive emphasis on local cultural characteristics formed by historical reasons。The so -called Han nationality，The so -called Huaxia tribe，Isn't it all a large ethnic group that is slowly integrated by different ethnic groups in the long historical process? Emphasize national identity，Emphasize Chinese identity，Emphasize the Chinese nation's identity，instead of excessively emphasizing the identity of various ethnic groups or local ethnic groups，This is the current China、Currently the most fundamental interests of the Chinese bet365 live casino games nation。Every Chinese，Especially Chinese scholars，No matter what his ethnic groups，You should use this as your most basic values。"Human Care Broot" of Chinese Scholars，Including the "ultimate purpose" of Chinese archeologists，Basic foundations should be built here。

Therefore，Scholars who explore the source of civilization especially need to be clear: the source of Chinese civilization is not just the source of the Chinese civilization，and it is the source of different civilizations of different nationalities that have lived and now living in China.，They gather together，In the end, the big river of our common Chinese civilization was formed。Is the Xia Dynasty centered on the Central Plains as the history of faith? Is Erlitou the Xia people or a businessman city?。We only have to jump out of the "Central Plains Center theory"，Not only see the Central Plains，and look at the whole country，Look at the Hongshan Culture in the Northeast、Qijia culture in the northwest、The Ishi Site in the north、Two towns in the east、The Site of Baodun in the Southwest、Shijiahe site in Zhongnan、Liangzhu site in the southeast，etc.，can you find the complete source of Chinese civilization。The source of Chinese civilization，Not only in Central Plains，And the "full star fight" is scattered in many places in early China。Recent Liangzhu Ancient City Site was officially selected as "World Heritage List"，More and more Chinese and foreign scholars believe that China has entered the era of civilization during the Liangzhu culture period。This suddenly pushed the Chinese civilization to 5,000 years ago。If you continue to adhere to the Central Plains Center theory，How can it accept Liangzhu Civilization? How could it break the dilemma to prove that China's 5,000 -year -old civilization?

Last，The author emphasizes it again，During the research process，If it inevitably requires the involvement of values，Scholars' values ​​(that is, the spirit and feelings of "humanistic care") should be based on reality，It should help clarify your "ultimate purpose"，China that helps reality。Since the reality China is a unified multi -ethnic country created by the people of all ethnic groups in the country，bet365 best casino games and China's glorious culture，It is created by the people of all ethnic groups in China。So，Xia Shang, based on Central Plains Central Centers on Wednesday, Chinese early Chinese single -line historical tradition，In the values ​​of contemporary scholars，It should be changed to，Once living in 9.6 million square kilometers of land territory、4.7 million square kilometers of early multi -line historical tradition of different ethnic groups in China。Therefore，Chinese civilization exploration source project，Inquiry is not just the source of the Huaxia civilization，And also explore the source of other national civilizations that eventually gathered with the Huaxia civilization.。Based on the existing archeological excavation materials，We can even boldly think，Chinese civilization can pursue the earliest source of the end，It is likely not to be in the Central Plains，outside the Central Plains。

(Author Unit: Institute of World History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)