1949，The second -generation leader of the French Year of the Yearbook, "The Mediterranean World in the Mediterranean and Philip II" written by Fernan Brodele, French New Year School.。Although it has passed 70 years，But this book is still a must -read for the history of the Mediterranean history。The second part of the book "Collective Destiny and General Trends" studied the economic and social status of the Mediterranean in the 16th century。For the main purpose of this part，Brlo Eya is interpreted like this: "The second part is designed to meet the two contradictory purposes。It cares about social structure，Caring for the slow structure that changes slowly in the long historical process;，It also cares about the development of those structures。Therefore，It puts ... structure and situation，Put the static and movement、Slowly and fast things are combined ... These two aspects have always existed in daily life，Daily life is a mix of changes and continuity.。"This part from the economic system、Empire、Society、Civilization、War and other issues to analyze these two dialectical relations，Among the 6th chapter entitled "Various civilizations"，Explained the author's understanding of the Mediterranean civilization。，Brlo Eyau published "History of Civilization: Use the Past Explanation present" in 1959，Published the book "History of Civilization" in 1963，Its "civilized view" is fully expressed。

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bet365 best casino games Brlo Eya thinks，A civilization is a space first、A cultural area、A place。There are all kinds of "property" in this venue，From the style of the house and architectural material，to dialect、Diet and beliefs，Then to the compass、Cultural characteristics such as papermaking and printing，"It is these regular combinations、The repeated emergence of cultural characteristics and its first marks that generally form cultural consistency in a clear area "。If you can add some time sustainability to this space consistency，The sum of various characteristics and phenomena within such a space -time range，is "civilization"。For this concept，Brlo velramine emphasizes its two basic attributes。

First，Civilization is a border。For example，The Rhine and the Danube is the ancient boundary line of the Roman Empire in Europe。After a thousand years，Generally along this border，The Christian Church has split，On the one hand, it is a new way formed by religious reforms，On the other side, adhere to Catholicism due to the accumulation of Roman culture。"There is always a Northern Europe and a Mediterranean region。This is two tied up together with ropes，But because of their own sky、Your own center，and religious perspective，each has their own soul，Therefore, there is another world。”

Next，Civilization has a single and plural divisions。The term "civilization" first appeared in a printed material in 1766，refers to a kind of thought、Technology、The secular ideal of progressive and society's progress。Civilization is "Enlightenment"，Compared with "barbaric"，Civilization is popular on the earth，The more people can see war、Conquest、bet365 live casino games Disappear of slavery and difficulty。Around 1850，Civilization changes from single to plural，It means giving up the ideal "civilization"，thus tend to treat human experience in Europe and Africa equally。Brlo Eya thinks，This is a major progress。The 1950s，Continuous progress of science and technology，Single civilization is increasingly expanded，But he pointed out，"If we think it will eliminate plural civilization once it wins，The real role that always stays in place and continues for several centuries，That's too naive "。Under this concept guidance，He believes that research should pay attention to the study of multiple civilizations，Decompired those main civilizations into civilization，Break down the second civilization into smaller factor。The so -called "Western Civilization" is an overly simple saying，In fact, it contains French civilization、German civilization、Italian civilization、British civilization, etc.，Each civilization has its own characteristics and internal contradictions，The important thing is to understand how they overlap and staggered。

　　Civilization needs to learn from each other

Brlo Eya thinks，All cultural property、The micro factors of civilization are always flowing。"In addition to being able to output your goods to a distance、Beyond the light civilization，No other civilization。A non -exporter、Civilization that does not output thoughts or lifestyles，Is an unimaginable。"" "For a civilization，Alive can be given both, which can be given, can be accepted and borrowed。"Western civilization has learned about the Islamic world regardless bet365 Play online games of far away、China、Indian civilization。He emphasized to point out，Can't be unique because civilization is，It is determined that it is a closed independent world，It seems that all civilizations are the islands in the ocean ocean; civilization intersection、Civilized dialogue is necessary。

Specific to the Mediterranean Civilization，Brlo Eyle borrowed the words and phrases of Lucian Favor to explain this flow: if Heroode reappears today，How surprised to the Mediterranean Botanical Group, which is commonplace in our opinion! This kind of plant group has orange trees entered from the Far East、Lemon Tree，Fairy Palm from the Americas，Eucalyptus from Australia ... Cydasus from Persia，Tomatoes that may be transplanted from Peru，Chili from Guyana，corn from Mexico，rice brought by Arabs，From Iran, the source is Chinese peach tree、Vegetable Bean，The Figs of the Berbir people ... The flow of people is the normal state in the history of the Mediterranean history。People travel，Cultural and property also travel，1492，Jews who were driven out of Spain to open hardware shops in Salonica and Constantinople，Install the first batch of Latin letters、Greek letters or Hebrew letter printing machine。They have established a woolen spinning and brocade weaving manufacturer，They have established a woolen spinning and brocade weaving manufacturer。In short，blending、Mixing is the phenomenon of being used to the Mediterranean Division，In Venice、Alexander Dalia、This is especially the case for world ports such as Constantinople。

but，Brlo Eya also admits，Transfer to cultural property，It is actually difficult to identify。"If you can bet365 best casino games recognize one piece in these luggage，There will be a thousand unrecognizable "，When involving thought、Emotional、Especially in technology。"Let us beware of those who recognize their luggage too clearly ... but also beware of those confrontation ... imitate the interoperability between one culture and another culture、All the things that have been denyed。”

　Civilization has deep -rooted solids

While paying attention to the mutual learning of civilization，Brlo Eya also realized，Whether it is the way of thought、Belief method、Lifetime，Still only the tools of tools，There are resistance。"A civilization sometimes refuses to borrow ... It can also be identified from these phenomena that this is a great civilization。"" Some resistance is obviously intentional，Some are blind，It seems to be the natural result of the portal closed。In the element of constituent civilization，Religion is the most confrontational thing。Mix various religious parts together，Transplanted from one religion to another religion，Plant a religion or ritual when necessary to another religion，These are possible。but，This is a two -code thing that combines them into one。

Brlo Eya also noticed "the slow speed of communication and transfer"。Although civilization has obvious variants，But after a long period of time，After an unknown development and evolution process，The change will slowly display，"Who can say Indian numbers，The so -called Arabic numerals，From its motherland through the Syrian and Arab world's relay station，That is North Africa or Spain，How much time did it take to reach the western region of the Mediterranean? bet365 live casino games Who can say，These Indian numbers have defeated ... How much time did the Roman numest take? ... It was not until the end of the 16th century that it used it in Antup "。This slow rhythm is precisely an important manifestation of "resistance of civilization"。

This involves development and changes and static constant、The relationship between changing and stable，"We will encounter structure and opportunities here、Between the situation，Dialogue between instant and long periods and even with a long period of time。From the root，Some form of things、A certain pattern is always determined in advance "。As far as civilization is concerned，The foundation of civilization is not indestructible，But they are much more firm than people think，"Live，is changing、Outside of those changes to all kinds of civilizations，It also shows some amazing eternal things。As an individual, people can betray civilization，But civilization still hooks to hang in several fixed、Almost long -lasting points，Exist according to your own way "。

Text until this，In fact, I returned to Brlo Eya's understanding of the essence of civilization。Speaking from space，"The most fundamental reality of a civilization，It is to force this civilization to grow like plants，Given it to the geographical space of restrictions (sometimes even strict restrictions)。Except for this，Can you draw any conclusions? Various civilizations are some geographical spaces、Some areas ... This is a geographical space that forced people and endlessly affected by people "。Speaking from time，"Civilization is the reality of long periods"，constantly allows yourself to adapt to changes in destiny，"Civilization bet365 live casino games has gone through politics、Society、Economic and even ideological changes extended，And they actually quietly，But sometimes it is very strong to dominate this kind of great change "。

(The author is the School of History of the Capital Normal University、Professor of Global History Research Center)