Since the 1990s，Research theory of environmental history、Methods and objects introduced from the West (mainly the United States) to my country，Become an emerging research field of history。Modern History Geography in China originated from the Yugong School in the 1930s and the Geographical Geography that it advocated in the 1930s，Geography along the Democracy originated from "Hanshu · Geography"。Environmental History is studying people interaction，History Geography focuses on studying human relations，Both in many ways，different is the same。Clarify the relationship between the two，On the one hand, you can use Chinese historical geography, especially historical and natural geography to deepen environmental history research，Realize the localization of environmental history in China; on the other hand，Apply some theories of environmental history to Chinese historical geography research，Some problems raised by environmental history from the perspective of Chinese history，All are beneficial to expand the research perspective of Chinese historical geography。How to build the connotation of my country's ecological civilization from the historical dimension，Promoting the awareness of environmental protection deeply rooted in people's hearts，It is where environmental history is in China。Chinese historical geography can learn from the history of environmental history，It will help it exert an important force in the process of building an ecological civilization in my country，Continuing the discipline characteristics used in the world。

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The 1960s and 1970s，Research on environmental history is the first to rise in the United States，Directly promoted by the Environmental Campaign after World War II。Post -war，Extreme environmental pollution incidents in the United States，The degree of intensity and destruction of the changes in the natural environment also far exceeds Europe，This has aroused the public's attention to environmental issues。

Birth of the History of China Environment，Similar processes with the origin bet365 best casino games of the history of the United States and Europe。With the development of the economy、Social progress、improvement of people's material living conditions，The government and the public's expectations for a better life，Pollution with industrialization、Excessive development and utilization resource exhaustion、Environmental degradation、Climate change、The reality of the rapid growth of garbage constitutes contradictions，This causes concerns about sustainable development，Therefore, some scholars' attention to environmental issues。1990s，Hou Wenyi、Zeng Huazi and others began to introduce the history of environmental history and the history of environmental thoughts。1993，The Institute of Economics of the "Chinese Academy of Sciences" and the Australian University of Pacific Research on the Australian University of Pacific held the "Chinese Ecological and Environment History Symposium"。2005，Nankai University hosts "Environment and Society in Chinese History"。2014，Yunnan University held an academic seminar for "changes in the environmental changes in the southwestern border of China under the field of globalization"。2018，"Historical Interactive Interaction of the Environment and Social and Economic" academic seminar by Xiamen University，The first annual meeting of the Environmental History Committee of the Chinese Environmental Science Society。

Except for the paper，So far，Chinese environmental history works published in the word "environment history"，At least the British scholar Mark Elvin's "The Retreat of the Elephant: History of China Environment"、"China's Environment and History"、Zhang Ling's "River、Plain、Regime: An Environmental Drama in the Northern Song Dynasty "and other translations，Regional research conducted by the author from a historical geographical perspective- "Desert、Water system、Delta -Regional Studies in the History of China Environment "。

As far as the paper is concerned，2000-201 2013 environmental history papers include，Whether it is the amount of post、Gao Yin author is still a papers，Scholars from the background of world history are topped the list。Visible，World Historian scholars played a leading role in promoting the research of foreign environmental history，But it also reflects bet365 best casino games the current research of the history of environmental environment in China is still in the learning reference stage。

　　Study the history of the environment from a historical and geographical perspective

Although people generally believe that the birth of environmental history has been born for more than 40 years，But because it has thousands of contacts with many disciplines，So it is difficult to accurately tell when it originated from when it originated。In all disciplines，The connection between environmental history and historical geography is the most closely。British geography scholar Michael Williams thinks，Many concepts and terms used by environmental history scholars are well known for historical geography scholars，Many topics and important issues that historians are or have paid attention to are considered to be the "theme of environmental history"。Yizheng Cores thinks，In principle，There is no obvious dividing line between historical geography and environmental history，The only distinction is the boundary generated by different academic culture。Hou Yijian is analyzing the origin of the two、Research focus、Research methods and the views of human status in the environment，I also think that the two of the two borrow from each other。I think，History of environmental history is committed to finding the cause of today's environmental problems，These problems except some environmental problems existing in the historical period，Such as water and drought disaster、Loss of Soil and Water、In addition to problems such as abnormal cold events，There are also pollution problems that are rare or not in the historical period、Trash problem, etc.，Therefore, the history of Chinese environment can be described from a very distant era，It can also be described after industrialization decades ago。So far，Chinese historical geography research mostly stopped in 1949。Therefore，The attention time period of the two has its own focus。

As far as the definition and research content of the two，Environment history has greater uncertainty。American scholar Donald Vost, think，"The history of the environment is the role and status of nature in human life"，There are three issues: First, understand the natural structure in history、How does it operate and how humans enter the natural food chain; the second is the tools and labor that represents the production Bet365 app download method，Understand social economy、The relationship between the political system and nature; the third is the thought or knowledge expression formed by a person in the process of dialogue with nature。From the eyes of Wostter，The relationship between environmental history and ecological history is particularly close。

Pu Depei thinks，environment history is a historical discipline that pays attention to the interaction between human society and nature，Including food、Minerals、Various resources such as energy and climate，and the relationship between them and the well -being of human beings，It also includes all kinds of production methods to maintain human life through human labor to maintain human life。Research topics of environmental history include the history of agricultural production、Analysis of diseases and human health、Humans transform the activities of nature through technology、The environmental protection movement in the historical period、Environmental thought、Philosophy、Our ethical concept of responsibility for nature and the impact of nature on social behavior。American scholar Donald Hughes believes，"How can humans pass the study of environmental history change over time，Live in the process of interacting with the rest of nature、Work and thinking，to promote the understanding of human beings "。The theme of environmental history research is divided into three categories: the impact of environmental factors on human history; environmental changes caused by human behavior，and these changes in turn in turn caused many ways to echo and affect the changes in human society; the history of human environmental thought，and the various attitudes of human beings to stimulate the way of affecting the environment。

The definition of environmental history of Hughes，It is similar to the definition of historical geography with Hou Renzhi, a modern historical geography scholar in my country。The difference is，Hughes’s foothold is to understand human society，It is a historian's view; and Hou Renzhi believes，Understand the evolution of the environment，It aims to better serve it for human society，It is the perspective of geography scholars。Li Genji uses "human return to nature，Nature Entering History "highly summarizes the theme of environmental history research。Definition of environmental history above，Explain that people's understanding of the history of environmental bet365 live casino games history，It also explains that there are more in the entry point of environmental history。

Relatively speaking，Branch discipline as geography，The development of Chinese historical geography has so far，Completion of the subject system，With clear research objects and goals。History Geography is divided into historical natural geography and historical humanities geography，It can be subdivided into several research objects under it。For example，History and natural geography can be divided into a historical period of climate、Vegetable、Water system、Change of coastline or desert，History Human Geography can be divided into the territory of the historical period、Administrative Division、Population、Agriculture、Industry and mining、Traffic route、Regional differences and changes in historical and cultural landscapes。History, Social and Cultural Geography，is the research direction that has emerged in recent years。

Due to the unclear boundary of the environmental history，Many disciplines can study environment history from the perspective of their own disciplines。but，Relatively speaking，Study environment history from a historical and geographical perspective is more foundation。and，Study environment history from the perspective of Chinese historical geography，It will make environmental history research more Chinese characteristics。Historical geography scholars laid the foundation for the study of contemporary Chinese environmental history，helps to analyze different geographical standards，The tradition of the geographical geography of the revolution makes Chinese history and geography self -containing，Therefore, from the perspective of historical geography, it is expected to build a long duration、History of Chinese Environment with a large range。

　　helps to discover new topics

In view of the origin and the object of the two disciplines, the objects that are not the same，When we introduce the problems raised by environmental history in historical geography，I will find many new topics that were previously ignored by historical geography。For example，Ma Libo in the book "China's Environment and History"，Compare the history of 3,000 years of environmental evolution with the environmental mutations in decades，helps to evoke our sense of worry。With the acceleration bet365 best casino games of my country's industrialization,，Few air pollution in history、Water pollution and soil pollution，It has become an environmental problem that is not easy to solve in our life today。Comparison with the historical period，It can be found that the current environmental changes are huge and rapid，The impact of human activities increases day by day，Production、Life and consumption methods have also occurred obvious breaks and mutations。Change of the means of transportation、Popularization of the Internet，While facilitating our lives，It also makes us have a different time and space point of view from previous generations，Time is no longer slow，The distance is no longer far away，We live on an increasingly crowded planet。These make us have to have the current production、Reflection of life and consumption methods，This is the educational significance of environmental history。

，Economic History emphasizes the interactive research of people in the historical period，It also prompted us to think about the traditional research methods of history and geography that most of the past focus on nature or humanities。Even if some scholars consider natural factors in the process of researching human geography，But naturally is often regarded as a background and restrictions。This is in line with the practice of the French New Year's Academic School。When we absorb the environment of the environment, it is an integral part of people、Naturally, there is also the understanding of life，Research History Geography，New discoveries will be available。We already have a thick academic accumulation in the research of historical natural geography or historical humanities and geography，Many excellent works have been produced。What we need to do now is，How to choose different spatial scale，Based on the study of predecessors，Comprehensive research on strengthening regional historical geography，Analyze the interactive relationship between people and earth in the historical period of this area。

The last question worthy of our attention，It is a way to write environment history from a historical geographical perspective。The rise of environmental history is related to environmental protection movements around the world，Preset readers include every citizen on the planet，regardless of national boundaries、skin color、bet365 live casino games Occupation and age。If these objects are the reader group，We have to change the narrative method full of academic tones in the past，Try to avoid writing the theory and preaching methods，Instead of specific cases，Take it easy to understand、Delivery way，Tell the story of each place，Enhance readers' understanding of the interaction of people's territories of these areas，so as to consciously participate in the love environment、In the action of protecting the environment。

(The author is a professor at History and Geography Research Center of Fudan University)