According to "Hanshu · Geography" record，1 Century BC，The Central Plains dynasty has begun to communicate with the road through the sea。but，As a self -sufficient agricultural country，Maritime activities before the Song Dynasty are not important in national affairs。Song Dynasty，Due to the long -term war in the north，The court began to pay attention to business，Encourage overseas trade，Maritime event enters the unprecedented prosperity period，The importance of the Maritime Silk Road gradually increases。The Yuan Dynasty was the most frequent in the ancient maritime activities of my country、The most developed period of overseas trade，The importance of the Maritime Silk Road exceeds the land Silk Road。The Yuan Dynasty sea ship far from the Bay and the Red Sea Coast，European and African travelers also traveled to and from the East and West World through the Sea Road，Overseas trade and foreign exchanges at sea reaches the peak in ancient Chinese history，The foundation lays the foundation for Zheng He's lower part of the west。In the middle and late Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty，Implementation of sea ban policy，Ancient Maritime Silk Road gradually decline。

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The reason why the Maritime Silk Road is increasingly prosperous in the Yuan Dynasty，originated from multiple factors。First，The Yuan Dynasty increased the understanding of the overseas world during the conquest。After the Mongolian nation conquer Eurasia，The border will soon reach the coastline，and further expand overseas conquest。Kublai Khan's early rule，continuously dispatched to surrender overseas countries。Feuwu people also lost to the sea for five times，Go bet365 live casino games to India、Sri Lanka、Occupy City、Sumatra and other places recruit。Yang Tingzheng went to the Lan Blue Kingdom on the West Coast of India four times，Recruiting all the way，Let it be in the tribute。While recruiting，The Yuan Dynasty Army East Expedition to Japan，South Attack Annan、Occupy City，Until the end of the Yuan Dynasty, expedition Java。In these wars，The understanding of the overseas world in the Yuan Dynasty greatly increased。

Second，The Yuan Dynasty exercised navigation and shipbuilding technology in the process of fighting and shipping food with the Southern Song Dynasty。In the process of conquering the Southern Song Dynasty，A powerful water division was established in the Yuan Dynasty，There are more than 8,000 ships before and after shipbuilding。After the death of the Southern Song Dynasty，The Yuan Dynasty received the Southern Water Army and Ship，The strength of the water army is greatly enhanced。Establishment of Maritime Palace in the Central Committee of the Yuan Dynasty，Use sea boats to transport a large number of grains in the south of Jiangnan every year to the metropolis，Sea transportation becomes one of the regular transportation methods，In this process, the technology and experience of sailing。

third，Encouragement of overseas trade in the Yuan Dynasty，and the royal family's demand for luxury and rare birds，promoted the development of the Maritime Silk Road。The Yuan Dynasty government set up a city shipping department at various ports，Manage overseas trade。other，Also invested in setting up a "official ship"，Relying on national capital to go to sea to operate。These vessels except for business except for business，Also shoulders looking for treasures、Drugs and the task of transport messenger。Under the background of the government's encouragement of overseas trade，Businessmen from the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean flocked bet365 Play online games to，Marco Polo described in Quanzhou Port, "If there is a boat carrying pepper to Alexander Port or to the port of the country of Fengji,，So according to the proportion，There must be a hundred ships to this Assassin (that is, Quanzhou) Port。”

other，The expansion of the scope of Mongolia's ruling increases the demand of east and west exchange。The Yuan Dynasty has always maintained a friendly relationship with Yili Khanate，Mutual messenger。During the war period with the Khanate in the Yuan Dynasty，Land security cannot be guaranteed，Most of the two parties contact the Sea Road，It is also an important reason for the rise of the sea traffic channel。

　Sea Silk Road exchanges tends to flourish

From the late 13th century to the middle of the 14th century，The trend of China as the leading force at sea begins to appear。Before the Song Dynasty，There is no clear archeological evidence and literature evidence that Chinese sea ships have entered the Indian Ocean。And to the Yuan Dynasty，National influence extended to the Persian Gulf area for the first time，and Southeast Asia、A close contact with the Indian subcontinent and the surrounding countries of the Indian Ocean。China's sea ship and Japan、Philippines、Keep frequently exchanges in Indonesia，Established a regular round -trip business travel point on the coast of India，Reach closely with the Hill Model Port in southern Iran for a long time，There is also a record of Chinese ships on the east coast of Africa。Visible，The scope of the Yuan Dynasty Maritime Silk Road is unprecedented。

Long -term overseas trade，Eastern and Western material civilization communication is extremely prosperous，Porcelain in China、lacquerware、Silk and various daily necessities spread throughout Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean，Affects the living habits of the locals。According to "True La Wind" records，Zhenla people originally used the leaves to give up rice，Grabbing bet365 best casino games with your hand，After a large amount of Chinese goods enter，Local people switch to Chinese porcelain plates or copper plates，The straw mats in Mingzhou on the ground，The umbrella cover in the predicate of the dignitaries is made of Chinese red silk。Persian historians also mentioned many times，The goods from China include silk、Porcelain、paper、Ink、Peacock、Horse、felt、Cinnamon and Rhubarb, etc.，and emphasize that silk and porcelain are the best things in China。

Under the background of unprecedented frequent activities at sea，Shipbuilding technology of the Yuan Dynasty is developing rapidly。Countless maritime travelers are shocked for Chinese sailboats，Marco Polo mentioned，The Chinese sea ship in the early Yuan Dynasty need 300 sailors，It can be loaded on the boat 5000-6000 baskets of pepper，There is a single -layer deck、60 cabins、4-6 Face Sail。Ibn · Bai Tutai arrived in China at the end of the Yuan Dynasty，Each Chinese sea ship he described has 600 sailors and 400 samurai，12 -faced sails and 4 -layer deck，There is a guest room on the boat、Set room、Business number，Each suite includes the guest room and the bathroom。

Due to the convenient transportation at sea，A large businessman、Messenger、Missionary and travelers travel through the sea，Leave a precious record。European traveler Marco Polo、Edorke，Moroccan traveler Ibn · Bai Tutai，All have taken a sea boat，Passing through Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean，between East and West，and left famous travel notes，Record the grand situation of the Yuan Dynasty Maritime Silk Road。Wang Dayuan of China went to sea twice during his youth，Go to the east and western waters for travel trade，Leave an important marine party "Island Yizhi"，recorded more than 200 national names and place names，Many of them are the first time in China，The geographical range involved eastward bet365 live casino games to the Philippine Islands，West to Africa。The development of the traffic of Hai Road also makes the overseas messenger come from the stream，Only Kublai Khan's rule，About 40 countries and regions reached 110 times。

Due to the development of the Maritime Silk Road，Map compilation of the Yuan Dynasty also reached a new peak。Zamatin was ordered to compile the Geographical Geography of the Yuan Dynasty，Once comprehensively collecting information，Among them, various Persian sea charts。These sea maps are called "Needa Return to Wenxiana"，Backwin is Persian，剌 Naya is the transliteration of the Persian "Road Book"。These materials have been incorporated into the Yuan Dynasty "The Unification of the Great"，Among them, a complete painting full picture "Geographical Map of the World"，From the "sunrise place", that is, the Pacific seaside to "no place", that is, the west of the Western Regions。The Ming Dynasty's "Damn Mixed One" and "Mix of the Mixed Plan"，It is also written based on the Yuan Dynasty's Geographic Map。

　　Construction of traffic networks on the Sea Silk Road

Archaeological data indicates，5,000 years ago，Alternative traces of human voyage of human beings。With the development of society and economy，Sailors are constantly on the sea、Businessman、Missionary and travelers sailing，Looking for new goods、New land or all unknown things。The exchanges of these navigators，Communicate the land on both sides of the ocean，Communication through the ocean，Especially long -distance trade，Make the ocean a common space。

From the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty，The central government begins to implement the "exchanges and mutual market、Overseas Trade Policy of Each Desire。Under this policy encouragement，Long -distance trade is getting more and more frequent，Not only products are exchanged between regions，and have knowledge、bet365 live casino games Belief、Concept，The connection between the country becomes closely。The Meane of the Yuan Dynasty Yang Tingzheng led the envoy to the Malaysia Kingdom in southeast India，​​Prime Minister Marin and Both Ali received them enthusiastically，The reason is "the lawsuit also tasted comfort when the country’ s ship arrived in Quanzhou，No means report "。Halhat, a ancestral home of Ali on the coastal city on the east bank of the Arabian Peninsula，11-12 centuries，Alman region is in chaos，Local residents are constantly migrating through the sea road to Persian Gulf and other parts of the Indian Ocean，The ancestors of non -Ali migrate to Malaysia。His father is commensurate with the brother Ma Baer as a brother，But after the death of my father，No Ali is suspected by the king。Therefore，He sent messengers and merchant ships to deal with the Yuan Dynasty many times，Finally escaped from Ma Baer Kingdom，From Sea Road to the Yuan Dynasty，And as an official in China，Official to Zhongshu Province right，Kublai Kubili gave him a wife with a Goryeo woman Cai。The experience of not Ali is one of the side shadows of the prosperity of the maritime transportation at the Yuan Dynasty。This kind of connection between various regions established through long -distance trade，Begamed beyond the traditional national border concept。

With the prosperity of the maritime Silk Road on the Yuan Dynasty，China、Southeast Asia、Indian secondary continent、West Asia、East Africa and even the Mediterranean are connected。Each sea area is no longer a separate geography, political and economic unit，Instead, a traffic network that has been closely affected，Its range is unprecedented in the Yuan Dynasty。Not only that，Dean to communicate with each other through the sea roads、strength and speed，Tightly combined in different areas that were isolated from each other in the past，Frequent bet365 best casino games activities through the Maritime Silk Road，A maritime exchange network formed between East and West。This network is both a complex overall，It also includes the relationship between multiple parts and between them。Formation of the Maritime Exchange Network，originated from the continuous accumulated mutual influence，Therefore, it seems both orderly and disorder，Unification and discrete coexistence at the same time。This maritime exchange network is far from reaching the extent today，But the unprecedented openness is shocking。

　　(Author Unit: Institute of Ancient History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)