The so -called "three forms" of the academic community，refers to a discussion in the "Currency Charter" in Marx's "1857-1858 Economics Manuscript"。"Complete Works of Marx and Engels" translated as "form"，The new version is translated into "form"。Explanations of the academic community are different，No sincerity is，But the problem is how the social form should be divided。I think，The key is to figure out the relationship between the "three forms" and the theory of Marx's social forms。For this，Not only a comprehensive analysis of related texts，It is necessary to put it in the process of formation of Marx's social form theory for inspection。

Look from related texts，Marx is a characteristic of analyzing the currency generation and its essence.，That is how the bourgeoisie rule and exploitation are covered by the form of objects。For this，He compared the capitalist society and its previous social forms and the future communist society，Therefore, the theory of "three forms" (or three stages) of human society。"Three Forms" is the development of the relationship between people in production。The so -called "human dependence relationship"，refers to the power of some people who directly dominate others，It is a fixed rule and obedience relationship between people，This social form includes the parent system、Ancient (slavery) and feudal society。In the form of "independence of people based on people dependence"，The relationship between people and people is the illusion of the relationship between the relationship between the dissident and the matter。"The dependence of things" is opposite to "people'bet365 best casino games s dependence"。People get rid of a fixed and direct rule and obedience relationship，Become a "independent" individual of personal freedom，But this kind of freedom and independence is just "illusion"，People not only form a comprehensive interdependence in "exchanging value"，and "Every individual occupies social power in the form of objects"。"Social Power" includes "the power to dominate others or the power to dominate social wealth"，It is possessed in the name of "the form of things" (that is, the name "exchanged value or the owner of the currency")。This means，Rule and obedience between people、The relationship between exploitation and being exploited is the implementation of the form of objects。So，"Dependence of things" is not so excluded by "people's dependence"，It is rather to "cause a universal foundation for people's dependence"。Here refers to a bourgeois society。Future Communist Society，The relationship between people will eliminate the unrealized materialization form of dissidents，To achieve personal comprehensive development and free personality。

Marx Social Form Theory，The prototype is seen in "German Ideology" from 1845-1846 (hereinafter referred to as "form")，In 1859 "Political Economics Criticism" "Preface" (hereinafter referred to as "Preface")，Marx made a systematic and concluded classic instructions。"Three Forms" discussion after "Form"，"Preface" before。"Three Forms" discusses retain the obvious mark of "Form"。The parent system mentioned in the form of "human dependence"、Ancient (slavery) and the form of feudal system，The ownership of the tribe mentioned in the "Form"、Ancient ownership and feudal ownership correspondence，All belong to the former capitalist production method based on private bet365 Play online games ownership。"Form" In addition to proposing the above three types of ownership, replace it in turn，It also discussed the different "ownership forms" during the use of "naturally generated tools" and "tools created by civilization"，The former property (real estate) is manifested directly、Natural rule，The owner relies on personal relationship，Relying on this or that form of community to rule the non -owners; the latter manifests as the rule of labor，Especially the accumulated labor is the rule of capital，The rule of people is implemented under the form of things。and the future development of human society must be "the personal possession of all the combined individuals on all productive forces，Destroy private ownership "。This distinction is not a tribe、Ancient and feudal ownership is replaced by the negation，Instead of exploring human history from another perspective from it。The "Three Forms" in the Economics of 1857-1858 Obviously, it is obviously distinguished from the historical stage of "Form".，But the stage division standard is more unified，The theme is more prominent，The discussion is more deeper。

"Revelation of Human" includes the parent -made、Ancient and feudal society，Explain that "three forms" did not deny the "form" of "ownership form" (equivalent to the "social form" later)，Explain that the form of "human dependence" is not a single social form，"Three Forms" is not a division of various social forms that are delivered in turn，Instead of exploring the process of human history from another angle。"Form", although trying to trace the initial state of human history，But there is no scientific concept of primitive communism。Regardless of the tribe or ancient、The ownership of the feudal ownership is the social form after the private bet365 Play online games ownership。Corresponding to this，The various society contained in the form of "human dependence" also refers to private social society。"Three Forms" related expositions do not see the original communist nature of the "Asian production method" in the "Propago"。"Three Forms" includes this view that the primitive communist society lacks reliable basis，At least it is inaccurate。"Preface" proposes the practical basis of the society composed of "the sum of production relations"，Different social forms are distinguished from production relations。Production relationship includes ownership、The relationship between people and the distribution of people in production。The expression form of the relationship between people in the center of the "three forms" and dividing standards，It is a side in the sum of production relations。

To further explain this problem，May wish to read the relevant discussion in Chapter 4 of "Capital Theory" Section 4。Marx pointed out，Exchange value of labor products，Originally, "It's just that people have a certain social relationship，But it adopts the illusion form of the relationship between things and things in front of people ";，The form of things covers the social nature of private labor and the social relationship of private workers，instead of revealing them "，etc.。This is quite consistent with the theme of the "Three Form" discussions。where，Marx summarized the two situations of people in history in history，or "Express the direct social relationship in their own labor"，or "Express the relationship between people and the social relationship between things"。It is worth noting that，Marx did not generalize the relationship between people and people of the former capitalist society in general as "human dependence"。He pointed out，Middle bet365 best casino games Ages in Europe，"We see，No longer an independent person，Everyone depends on each other: serfs and lords，companion and princes，Volkswagen and pastor。The social relationship of material production and the life field based on this production，It is characterized by personal attachment "。He mentioned it again，"、Ancient Greek Rome and other production methods，Products into goods、So the phenomenon existed as a product producer，In the subordinate status ... they may not be mature with their own personal，Based on the umbilical cord connected to the natural blood relationship with others，or based on the relationship between direct rule and obedience "。Very obvious，The "Guya Minor" here refers to the Asian production method of primitive communist nature，The relationship between people and ancient Greece in this production method、The "direct rule and obedient relationship" of the Roman slave society and the European medieval feudal society is different。"Three Forms" did not make a difference for this，Because Marx ’s concept of the Asian production method of primitive communism at that time did not finally form，Examination of the process of formation of Marx's social form theory，It may lead to some kind of deviation and lack of understanding of the "three forms"。

The following points can be obtained from the above discussion.

1. The center of the theory of "three forms" is in comparison with previous capitalism and future communist society，Analysis of the characteristics of the characteristics of the bourgeois society: the relationship between people and people in production is the relationship between the same dissident and material，Under the cover of things, the rule and exploitation of some people to others。"Three Forms" is not like "Preface"，System explanation of social morphological theory Bet365 lotto review and evolutionary sequence。

2. The division of "three forms" is obviously influenced by the form。The form of "people's dependence" includes the three "ownership forms" divided into the divided into "form" (can be regarded as the prototype of "social form")，All are the social post -generated society。"Three Forms" and the concept of a scientific primitive communist society like "Form"。"Preface" system explains the theory of social form，The sum of production relations as a standard for distinguishing social forms，and clearly propose the concept of the "Asian production method" as a primitive communist society。"Three Forms" uses a part of the production relationship — the expression form of the relationship between people in production as a distinguished symbol，It involves only a side of the social form。This can be seen，Three Forms on Social Forms，Still in the process of formation of Marx's complete mature social formal theory。

3. The word "social form" appears in the works of Marx and Engels.，Although it seems close to the "social form" in some occasions，But its meaning is actually much broader than "social form"。The new translation of "The Complete Works of Marx and Engels" changed the "form" of the old translation "three forms" to "form"，That is to distinguish it from social form，It should be reasonable。

4. Visible，Social theory theory and evolutionary sequence of "Preface" with "three forms (three forms)" and its evolutionary sequence，or list the two，All are inappropriate。The relevant discussion of the preface is a classic description of Marx's social form theory，Its status cannot shake、Can't shake。

(The author was a researcher at the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Professor of Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Doctoral supervisor，Director of the Editorial Department bet365 Play online games of "Research on Economic History of China"、Original editor，Former Vice President of the Chinese Agricultural History Society、Former Vice President of the Ancient Professional Committee of the Chinese Economic History Society)