Ancient Chinese historical comments developed to the Song Dynasty，Began to pay more attention to the construction and development of your own system，One of the important performance is to pay attention to setting the necessary historical principles。These principles are mostly around the purpose of the history、process and influence and other stages。Principles of the historical principles proposed by historians of the Song Dynasty，Although it happened within the scope of historical reviews，But it is essentially a category of historic criticism，It is a historic activity under the influence of historical criticism。

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The influence of the consciousness of worrying and the prosperity of history，Some historians of the two Song Dynasty paid special attention to the practical significance of the compilation of historical books。For example，Sima Guang's purpose of compiling "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is "the rise and fall of the previous life，Test of the gains and losses today，Jiashan Evil，Take yes，enough to make the ancient virtue，End in the Governance "。(Sima Guang: "Zi Zhi Tong Jian"，China Book Company 2011 edition，Page 9740) Other "Tang Jian", such as Ishizhi,、Sun Fu's "Tang Shi Report"、Li Xinchuan's "The Year of the Year of the Formation since Jianyan", etc.，There are such similar writing purposes and purpose。

Not unique history writing this，Some historical reviews of the Song people are the same。Yitai、The Zhejiang East School represented by Chen Liang，When discussing the purpose and purpose of the history of the historian theory of history，Bet365 app download Pay special attention to the practical significance and function of historical reviews。Ye Shi said clearly: "Historian Liyi，Must keep up in the upward，庶 庶。down and down，Then Li Deyu is only compared to the Tai Pavilion、Class Travel Guidelines，and Mencius、The meaning of Uncle Xiang，He Qiyuan! "(Ye Shi:" Promotion of Xi Xue Ji "，Zhonghua Book Company 1977 edition，p. 576) The significance of this understanding of Ye Shi is，History history should have basic principles in terms of purpose theory，That is, only the historical and personnel of "replenishing the world"、Code system as the discussion，Only practical significance and value。This is not only the inheritance of Mencius "History"，Also with Ye Shi, it has always requested "cannot be taught for the text，Although it is not beneficial to work ...，Although it is not beneficial to "(Ye Shi:" Ye Shiji "，Zhonghua Book Company 1961 edition，Page 607-608)。

When Chen Liang explained the purpose of his history,，It also said clearly: "Make it lost，You can observe，can be method，You can quit，Daze Xing Wang，Small is the enemy。"(Chen Liang: Chen Liangji adds a book，Zhonghua Book Company 1987 edition，page 50) Among them, "Da is Xing Wang，Small is the enemy of the enemy "，Especially the word "to the enemy"，Very intuitive showing the purpose of Chen Liang's history is to pursue the value and meaning of the real level。

Comprehensive leaves、Chen Liang and other historians of the Zhejiang School of Zhejiang School of History and Social Function，We can see that this is actually "history is used，Its profit is very blog，Nai Shengren's urgency，It is the main way of the country "(written by Liu Zhiji，Pu Qilong Shi: "Shi Tong Interpretation"，Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1978 edition，Page 303) History Criticism Development in Historical Review Practice，Bet365 app download It reflects the presence of historians on the purpose and purpose of historical theory。

　　The process of history: Only the excitement is not right

The highest principle of the history of the historical family is "Donelism to the Heaven" (Zhang Xuecheng，Ye Ying School Note: "Cultural History and Tongyi School Note"，Zhonghua Book Company 1985 edition，p. 220)，Objective description as possible，Don't mix personal emotions too much during the writing process，Otherwise, "love and hate by yourself，Gao Xia is in your heart，Not afraid of public constitutional，Return to private room，Reception of desire，Isn't it difficult? "(" Shitong Tong Interpretation "，page 199)

The history of historians is also the case。If you talk about history, "use love and hate as thickness"，It is easy to "boil blood，Emotional excitement "，As a result, the conclusion "Not objective and unreal"。(Du Weiyun: "History Methodology"，Peking University Press 2006 edition，pp. 287) Therefore, Zhu Xi said in the two tax laws of Fan Zuyu on the two tax laws: "There is no killing。The cloud lies in people，Don't care about law，There is such a lingering place。Trial is like，Then the ancient sages of the ancient sage, Yuner。He also sees Xining Detailed to the System，Therefore, it is inspiring。I want，Only that is excited，Not right。"" (Edited by Li Jingde: "Zhu Ziyu"，Zhonghua Book Company in 2011 repulsion version，pp. 3208)

Fan Zuyu is an important follower of Sima Guang，The political views of the two are more consistent，A very intense opposition to Wang Anshi's reform。This kind of political fierce opposition，projected in historical reviews，It is the history of the earth "in terms of stress"。The so -called "excitement"，That is the exposure of personal emotions，The consequence of "excitement" is to "speak without killing" in the process Bet365 lotto review of history，and the conclusion "Equality"。

Zhu Xi also pointed out that Sima Guang's historical reviews also have a judgment of emotional colors，Its words: "Ruzi Fang、Drama Meng，All Wen Gong is good and evil。However, it is based on the things that can be based on the Ming Dynasty，Can it be a compliment? "(" Zhu Ziyu "，Page 3206) Zhu Xi believes that Zhang Liang and Drama Meng "All Wen Gong is good and evil"，So Sima Guang showed a different attitude when commenting on the two，The assertion in this way is naturally not fair enough。

All these，There are many more。For example，Li Xin asks the historian to "have a party"，He said: "Guo Fenyang is not regrettable in Li Linhuai，The discussion of the arrogant husband and the grandfather is also there。As for Zhang Baozheng's not killing Zheng Nian，And the non -publicity can be detained。Du Mu's discussion on it，To Fenyang is better than Baoying，Yu San Fu said，Zhimu Zhi also has a party。"(Li Xin:" Cross Ao Collection "，Siku complete book treasure，Business Press 1935 Edition) The "party" here is similar to the "excitement" and "good and evil" in the previous article，Both personal emotions are inside，seriously affects the objectivity of historical comments。

Visible，The objective required by the Song people in the process of history、A fair attitude，The spirit of the "Real Record Straight Book" emphasized in history，Although there are differences in the form of expression，But the essence of the pursuit of "straight" is the same as。

　　The influence of the history: No light theory

As far as the influence of historical reviews is concerned，Ji Bu Zhi took the lead in proposing the principle of "unsatisfactory"。The author of "Old Tang Book" believes，Liu Gongbang、Wimblestone fails to enter San Gong because of personal personality。晁 commented on this: "The ratio of the two master (Gongsun) Hong、(Room) Xuan Ling bet365 best casino games has a weight，It is also referred to as the purpose of its purpose，He Qiye? Zhang Yujing，Gentleman Elderly said that the amount is worthy of harmony，It is a major section of the lack of square，Therefore the court is not respect。as a history，No lightly! "(Bao Buzhi:" Mr. Jibei Mr. Chi Ribs Collection "，Four Series Journal，Shanghai Bookstore 1989 Edition) Regardless of whether it is reasonable to make a judgment, regardless of whether it is made up，What we need to pay attention to is，Tongbuzhi put forward a basic principle of the history of historians，That is "the history of the history，No Light Discussion "。This is to require historians to be cautious when discussing history，Do not send the argument at will。The so -called "no light theory" is cautious，It was a criticism of the style of galloping discussion at that time，and Liu Zhiji "Taxi of Pen，Be careful "(" Shi Tong Interpretation "，page 240) The history of writing is consistent。

The principle of "no light theory"，Ye Shi has a deeper understanding。He explicitly pointed out "Light Reminder，See you after mistakes，Most Harmic "(" The Preface to the Xi Xue Ji "，pp. 405)，I even thought "Historian Unconscious，So light -up ...，No Revitalization，This governance is so lost，Slightly interested，It is better to cry and think about it! "(" Preface to Xi Xue Ji "，page 621) He takes "New Tang Book" as an example，Further explained the harm of the historian's "light discussion": "New History today" with alien books，Destroyed so，I don't know how to see，There are three major harm to the post -study afterwards: whether the victory and defeat are the right of morality，One; below，No re -language，Two; welcoming the front virtual，What do you look at today? Three also。World Tao benefit and decline，bet365 best casino games No strange。""，pp. 595)

Ye Shi's criticism of "New Tang Book" related preface theory，mainly from the perspective of the impact of the improper comments of historians on the influence of future generations，Requires historians to be responsible for the characters they are on，It is also necessary to be responsible for historian's personal person，It is also responsible for influence on future generations。This is no longer a simple historical review.，It is no longer just the requirements of historic criticism on the moral literacy of historians，Instead, it has the meaning of conscious reflection on historical comments on its own value.。This conscious internal province and reflection，It can be regarded as an inherent requirements for the construction and development of historical comments。

To say，From Zuzhizhi to Li Xin，Then to Ye Shi、Zhu Xi and others，The historians of the two Song Dynasty requested what they talked about to have the practical significance of "replenishing the world"，It is also required that there must be a fair attitude of "not party" during the review process。At the same time，It is also required that there should be a cautious heart of "no light theory" in the next conclusion，Related to the purpose of history、Process and Impact，It contains the three main stages of the historian theory of history。This indicates the construction of the Song people for the principles of history，Is continuously developing、Reflection and perfect process，Begamed beyond the state of the historical principles from the Han, Wei to Sui and Tang dynasties, and sporadic dispersed expressions，Preliminary presence of a systematic trend。It can be said，Song people are interested in the establishment of the principles of historical principles，It is both self -adjusting and anyway of the style of "galloping Bet365 app download discussion"，It is also the gradual construction and development of the historical review of its own system。

　　(This article is the "Research on the Research on the Ancient History Review of the Ancient Chinese History" (19SKGC-QT03) in the Central University of Overseas Chinese University)

(Author Unit: Marxism and Contemporary Social Development Research Center)