Chinese medicine presented in traditional classics，If the East Han Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatment of Febrile" is the boundary，Before and after Weiwei。"Treatise on Treatment of Treatment" and its later times，Clear medical history，The age of the doctor's life and their deeds are mostly recorded，The author of the classics and the time of the book can also be roughly determined。The medical history record before the book of "Treatment of Treatise" is very vague，Medical houses and their deeds are very small，Dianjia Authors and their books have no conclusion。For example，"The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic" is the earliest existing Chinese medicine theory in my country，But such an important medical classic，The author is unknown，It is also difficult to judge for the time of writing.。Vague records of early medicine，Bring huge difficulties for the pre -Qin Qin Han medical research。Since the 20th century，With the development of archeological excavations in various places，A large number of pre -Qin Qin and Han Documents have been unearthed one after another，Among them, there are many medical content and even medical albums，opened a new world for the research of the pre -Qin and Han medicine。

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Differences and content differences between the unearthed medical literature between the Qin and Han dynasties，Provides the basis for the time installment of medical development，It can be roughly divided into three periods。The first period is the Wu Zhu period，That is the Xia Dynasty and the past，There is almost no medicine during this period。Current，There is no unearthed text material for evidence during this period，Its medical manifestations are as described as the "Yellow Emperor's Canon": "Ancient treatment of disease，However, it is bet365 live casino games moving and turning，You wish you only。”

The second period is the symbiotic period for the blending of witch doctors，The Shang Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty。During this period of drugs and their usage, a large number of pre -Qin classics such as "Shangshu", "Zuo Zhuan" and "Shan Hai Jing" appeared，Unearthed medical materials are mostly divined with diseases、The form of Ningzhi's festival appears，This is the choice after the pills are incompetent。Specifically，The unearthed Shang Dynasty literature is mainly based on Yinxu and Jinwen，Disease materials mainly appear in Oracle divination; the unearthed Warring States documents are based on bamboo slips and wood，Southern Chu Chu Di the most。Guo shop、Baoshan、Wangshan、Zeng Houyi and other Chu Tomb all have a large number of text brief out，But there is no medical album in these rich unearthed documents，Only Xin Cai Guling、The prayer of the Prayer unearthed from the Chu Tomb and other Chu Tomb involves some scattered knowledge。According to this, we speculate，During this period, witch and medicine blended with each other，Medicine does not really be separated from the witch，Therefore, there is no medical monograph。

The third period of the independent development period for medical separation of witchcraft，That is the Qin and Han dynasties。Qin Shihuang burned "Poetry" and "Book"、Baijiayu and non -Qin State Book，But retain "Medicine、Buyu、Book of Trees "。Earlier Qin Dynasty Medicine Documents，and law、Religious recipes are relatively small，But Malanian Qin Jian、Liye Qin Jian has more disease records and even medical albums appear，Ru Matan Qin Jian's "Japanese Book" records 33 human illnesses; Zhou Jiatai Qin Jian's "Prescription and Other" records the use of disease treatment methods and drugs。In the unearthed Han Dynasty literature，Medical albums start to appear in large quantities，As Zhangjiashan Han Jian、Ma Wangdui Han Tomb Books, all contain a large number of medical works，Content Bet365 lotto review covers medical scriptures、Medicine、Fangzhong、Fairy Art, etc.。Many medical books in Western Han Dynasty are the earliest medical books that are seen in this category，Although these medical books are simple and original，A few and witchcraft residues，But the trend of independent development of medicine has already appeared。such as，Ma Wangdui Han Tomb Book "Fifty -two Disease Recipes"，Sanwei medicine、The prescriptions of Wuwei Pharmaceuticals and even Qiwei medicine have appeared。These achievements are formation of mature drug compatibility in Zhang Zhongjing's "Golden Essentials"，It plays a preparation role。These all reflect the independent development period of ancient Chinese medicine during the Qin and Han dynasties。

　　Provide conditions to explore the medical level

The unearthed literature is to explore human cognition、The level of medical development and the time of medical books provides conditions。Although there are very few medical information about the pre -Qin Dynasty，However, it can provide space for medical research in early medicine, especially the period of witch medicine。Yinxu Ci and Chu Bao Ji Jian Jian is not a medical album，But the content of the disease involved provides possible the study of the type of disease。

The emergence of many disease names and symptoms，Not only showing people's cognitive level of the disease at that time，It also reflects the degree of cognition of people at that time。In terms of viscera disease，In Yin Ruins，Only "heart" and "abdomen" and other viscera diseases appear.，and Chu Bohuan's sacrifice brief appears with back、Shoulder back、Scapular、Symptoms of pain and other parts of the visceral disease。Symptom description gradually enrich，It reflects that the Warring States Medicine has made a certain progress in Yin Shang Medicine。But this progress is still limited，upper abdomen and chest diseases are still difficult to distinguish，Many organs lungs in the heart and abdomen、Stomach、Liver bet365 live casino games and other names did not appear in the pre -Qin Dynasty，The names of these organs are mostly found in the unearthed in the Western Han Dynasty，This difference is undoubtedly a reflection of the awareness of the awareness of the pre -Qin medical viscera。From the perspective of existing unearthed materials and handed down literature，During the pre -Qin period, "heart" and "abdomen" represent the entire internal organs，The concept of "Heart" even covers the entire upper abdomen and thoracic organs，It can be seen that the people's perception of the organs at the time only stayed on the basis of the dual distinction of the "heart" and "abdomen"。From this meaning,，Description of related diseases such as "heart", "abdomen", and "膺" with Chu Buyu Ji Jian，Infer what the tomb owner is suffering from the viscera disease，Must be more cautious。

"The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon" was widely questioned when the view of the pre -Qin or Qin and Han dynasties，The reason is，There is an obvious inheritance relationship between it and some unearthed medical books unearthed in the Western Han Dynasty，As Zhangjiashan Hanjian's "Book of Pulse" and "The Meridian" of "Yellow Emperor's Canon · Lingshu" is closely close，is one of the ancestors of "Meridian"。Twelve meridians，There are only 11 species in "Book of the Pulse"。Unearthed new materials and its research results indicate，Medicine in the Western Han Dynasty was still in the early prosperity period，The overall level is still very backward。The overall review of the abundant unearthed pre -Qin and Qin and Han literature，Medical albums appear in the Western Han Dynasty but not found in the Warring States Period，Only a small amount of disease -related materials are scattered in Chu Bao's sacrifice and prayer。This contradiction may only explain，Witch Doctors' symbiosis is the original face of the Warring States Medicine，Chinese Medicine is separated from the witch and the independent development should be bet365 live casino games after the Qin Dynasty，Medical classics such as the Yellow Emperor's Canon can only be written in the middle and late Han Dynasty。

　　Create a possibility of comparative research for disease

The unearthed medical literature on the inter -regional disease or the comparative research of diseases in different periods in a region created possible。Comparison of diseases, especially internal organs,，can be expanded between the north and the south，It can also be carried out between Chengdu and the middle reaches of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River，This comparison can see the differences in common diseases in the area。Disease Studies in different periods in a region，It can be examples of Jiangling and its surroundings，As a brief exhibition of the Chu Bubu sacrifice, the case of individual diseases of the Warring States Period，Qin and Han Medical Recipes and Medical Classics showed the type of overall diseases in the Jiangling area during this period。Therefore, the disease that they value together，such as "Heart" and "Abdomen" disease，It should be an important type of disease that people paid attention to at that time。This kind of disease is difficult to get rid of vine grass，In the late period, it will not be healed for several years，until death。The pre -Qin Chu people can only use the Budi to pray to comfort the mind，In the Western Han Dynasty, most of the symptoms of diligence and painfulness were used to guide the symptoms of fullness and pain。

Find the understanding of these diseases in related materials，and compare it with the type of disease obtained from the ancient corpse modern scientific anatomy，will further enhance the judgment of the type of viscera disease in this area。Based on this，If you compare it with modern local diseases，Or it will become a breakthrough in the research of early medical history。Ancient Corpse Science Examination，Jiangling and the surroundings thousands of years ago were blood -sucking insects、Liver suction worm、Human Powder and other parasitic Bet365 lotto review diseases areas。In modern times，Jiangling and its surroundings are still one of the most serious hemorrhage disease areas in China。The clinical manifestations of the advanced types of chronic parasitic diseases above are not only very similar to the diseases in the Chu Baozheng sacrifice，Most of the internal organs and diseases seen by Qin and Hanjian are "heart" and "abdomen" dark combination。

　　Re -examine the ancient medical perspective

Use new materials、New concepts and new methods，Review the medical viewpoint in the handed down literature，Then there is another room for interpretation or play。For example, a large number of disease names are recorded in "Zuo Zhuan"，Specific diseases involve internal medicine、Surgery、Psychiatry and other types，Some of them can use unearthed documents to comment。In the context of zero in the era of people's organs and the viscera of the human body and the knowledge of microbiology and parasitics，Those based on life experience、Disease prevention theory based on geographical climate and philosophy，For example, the "Six Qi Causes" of Chinese Qin Yizhi and the "Six qi" of "Zuo Zhuan" said that it was regarded as a classic，and have been used by future generations，It is not surprising。

Pre -Qin period，People have no preliminary awareness and distinction on the human five internal organs，Witch doctors to separate and produce the theory or Tibetan theory of yin and yang five elements are also impossible。This inference is consistent with the view of the "Yellow Emperor's Canon" in the pre -Qin Dynasty。Another，Support for the research of unearthed materials，Ru Shan、Geling、Tiantuan View and other Chu Tomb unearthed in the Buye Festival prayer brief，More "heart" and "abdomen" disease appeared，And the grave owner's checked age is more than 40 years old。Combined with Zhangjiashan Hanjian's "Introduction Book" and "Pulse Book", the viscera disease with the most digestive tract diseases，On the other hand, "Jiangnan Hebei in" Historical Records bet365 Play online games "，Husband Early Dynamic "and" Huainanzi "in" Huainanzi "and other traditional medicine -related judgments，It can be seen that ancient environmental medicine judgments were not imagined out of thin air，It is indeed based on actual life experience。

　(This article is the general project of the National Social Science Foundation "Chu Baozhu Festival Prayer Simplified disease、Research on Medical and Customs and Customs "(19BZS054) staged results)

(Author Unit: Chu Cultural Institute of Hubei Academy of Social Sciences; School of History and Culture, Hubei University)