Thousands of foreigners have come to China in modern times，They often give themselves one or more Chinese names，Usually we call it kanji (because Japanese names are basically kanji)，Therefore，The Chinese nj bet365 we call do not include Japanese names)。There are many channels for forming Chinese nj bet365，First，The Chinese helped them name；Second，Foreigners who have come to China before help new foreigners choose names；Third，Some foreigners who come to China have never had a Chinese name，The Chinese name comes from the translation used in various documents in the process of Sino-foreign exchanges。Learn the Chinese names of these foreigners coming to China、Translated name，Compare with the original Spanish name，It is extremely important in the study of modern Chinese history, especially in the study of the history of Sino-foreign relations，It can prevent people from confusing people’s names during the research process。

　　There are many confusions in academic nj bet365

The Chinese nj bet365 who came to China in modern times are complex and complex，Brings a lot of confusion to academic research。For example，The Chinese nj bet365 in China have different translations with the same name and different names with the same translation。This makes it easy for scholars to regard the same person with the same name and different translations as several people in their research。The opposite，It is also easy for scholars to regard different people with the same name and the same translation as the same person。Incorrect use of foreigners’ Chinese names and original names，As a result, serious historical errors often appear in relevant research。

For example，Li Xiande, an American who served as consul in Xiamen in 1866 (C. W. Le Gendre) has five other different nj bet365: Li Rangli、Li Zhende Chali、Lee Sundeok、Li Shengde、Li Zanda。Portuguese Jesuit Zeng Dezhao (A. de Semedo），The original Chinese name is Xie Wulu，Due to sinking in 1616Teaching difficult people to jail，Later was escorted out of Macau，Renamed Zeng Dezhao in 1620，Unable to return to the mainland to preach。This phenomenon has also resulted in different translations of the same name for foreigners coming to China。Therefore，This requires us to pay attention to the comparison between nj bet365 and original names in historical research，Avoid treating the same person as different people。

Same，The phenomenon of foreigners’ nj bet365 being translated with the same names also requires our attention in our research。For example, in modern Chinese history, there were three foreign missionaries who came to China with the Chinese name "Nan Huairen"。The first Nan Huairen was a Belgian Catholic missionary。His original name is Ferdinand Verbiest，Zi Xunqing，Come to China in 1685，Former mathematics teacher of Emperor Kangxi，And presided over the work of the Qin Tianjian of the Qing Dynasty at that time，Made a great contribution to the development of Chinese astronomy。The second Nan Huairen is an Austrian missionary。His original name is Godefroid Xavier de Laimbeckhoven，Zi Ode，Coming to China as a missionary in 1738，Served as Bishop of Nanjing Diocese in 1775。The third Nan Huairen is the founder of the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Mary in Belgium。His original name is Theophile Verbist，In 1865, he was appointed by the Pope as vicar general of Mongolia, China，Come to China in the same year，Presided over academic affairs in Xiwanzi (now Chongli County, Hebei Province)。The above three missionaries，Same Chinese name，Both have been preaching in China for a long time，All buried in China。Therefore，We were a little careless，It is possible to confuse the three people。

　Existing nj bet365 is not yet complete

In the future, the comparison between the Chinese nj bet365 in China and their original names will be clarified，You can avoid some common sense mistakes，Avoid mistaking Chinese people for foreigners or foreigners for Chinese。In actual research，These errors are inevitable，Even the "Dictionary of nj bet365 Coming to China in Modern Times" published in 1981 also made mistakes.。For example，Page 241 of the dictionary "Mei Baoshan (A".D.Johansson)” and page 507 “Otte F. Wikholm）"The translation is confused。

Preacher Mei Baoshan and Le are both missionaries from Sweden，July 1893，They insist on missionary work in Macheng, Hubei，Being beaten to death by the common people in Haojiapu, Songbu, Macheng。Due to the records in Chinese documents and English materials, the order of the two people is reversed，So in the "Dictionary of nj bet365 in China in Modern Times"，Mei Baoshan’s original name was marked as Le Chuan Dao’s name，Le Chuan Dao’s original name is actually Mei Baoshan，This can only be proven from the directory of church missionaries。Compare the correct Chinese name with the original name，It should be Mei Baoshan (Otte F. Wikholm) Hele Preaching (A. D.Johansson）。

Again，"Huangming Festival" on page 314 of "Dictionary of nj bet365 in China in Modern Times"，Actually, he is a Chinese Christian。Although he took a Spanish name "Francois Martinez"，And the name "Francois Martinez" appears in both the "Roster of Jesuits" and "Biographies of Jesuits in China"，But he is Chinese。Maybe due to material limitations，The "Dictionary of the nj bet365 in China in Modern Times" mistakenly includes "Huangmingji" as a foreigner。Similar error，It also appears in endlessly in some academic works and modern history dictionaries。

The Chinese nj bet365 coming to China in modern times have many characteristics，In addition to the phenomenon of different translations of the same name and different translations of the same name，Some Chinese names are transliterated from the original names，Some Chinese names are translated from the original names，There are also those who give up the transliteration of the original name and take another Chinese name。Many foreigners who come to China not only have Chinese names，There are also words。His Chinese name and character，Or from the classics，or name、Word relative，Complicated，The academic community needs a complete dictionary of nj bet365 in China。A reference book on the nj bet365 who came to China in modern times，The most authoritative one currently is the "Dictionary of nj bet365 in China in Modern Times"。It’s a pity that this dictionary contains only more than 2,000 names，There are also many Japanese among them。Visible，There is still much room for expansion in the study of the nj bet365 who came to China in modern times。

　Continuous nj bet365

About the compilation of a dictionary of nj bet365 who came to China in modern times，Chen Zenghui, who studied at Yenching University, came up with this idea very early，Started in action in 1938。He is from Songkou, Yongtai, Fujian，Graduated from a church primary school in his early years、Middle School。He was admitted to Fujian Union University in 1928，Entered Yenching University in 1936，Studying the history of religion under Hong Ye，Later obtained a master’s degree in theology。Due to the influence of Hong Ye’s “Yin De Xue”，Chen Zenghui is determined to compile a directory of Han foreigners who came to China in modern times。Currently collected in Fujian Normal University’s historical data card with tens of thousands of nj bet365 who came to China in modern times，I saved the first card with Chinese nj bet365 who came to China that he made in 1938。

Chen Zenghui really carries out nj bet365 work on a large scale，After Fujian Normal University was reestablished in 1972。With the support of school leaders，He led many teachers and students into nj bet365 work，Compiled a lot of information。1975，nj bet365 work is included in the publication plan of The Commercial Press，Edited by Zhao Qi，Responsible for coordinating compilation and publishing work。For nj bet365，The Commercial Press also solicited opinions from many famous scholars on the compilation of nj bet365 dictionary。including Dai Yi、Sun Yutang、Zhu Shijia、Weng Dujian、Wang Zhonghan、Ding Mingnan、Gong Shuduo and others。They all agreed that nj bet365 was a meaningful job，Should give the strongest support。

Dai Yi wrote to Chen Zenghui saying，“This is a very important reference book，A rich collection of authors，You can imagine how hard he works，This book is of great reference value for the study of modern history and Sino-foreign relations。I really hope the author can continue to work hard，Compile the whole book，It can be said to be a very important basic task of the project”。Sun Yutang wrote to Chen Zenghui and also said，"For the study of modern Chinese history、History of Sino-foreign relations、Translation work，It is necessary to edit this thing。Over the years，Translation is something that everyone feels distressed about，With this thing，It can be easily solved”。Ding Mingnan wrote a letter，"This book is extremely useful for studying modern history"。Zhu Shijia wrote to Chen Zenghui saying，“Respect for historical researchers，A useful reference book for international relations researchers and other researchers。I am going to add an index of nj bet365 people and places to "Selected Archives of the U.S. Invasion of China in the Nineteenth Century" and "Historical Materials of the U.S. Persecution of Chinese Workers"；For me，It has more reference value。Just looking at the ‘B sample’, there are 146 pages，How rich the content of the book is，As you can imagine。Sincerely hope that the teachers and students of your department will work under the leadership of the party branch，Continue to work hard to complete this glorious editorial task with the support of The Commercial Press，Contribute to the readers”。Weng Dujian、Wang Zhonghan wrote to Chen Zenghui saying，"Studying modern Chinese history in the current context、History of Sino-foreign relations、Working on translation and other work，There is a lack of reference books of this type，It is necessary to publish this book”。Chen Hanbo also said in his letter，“This thing is very useful。I heard someone wanted to compile it 40 years ago，But it has never been compiled。But partially made up，Possibly。Before liberation，Business Press has a directory of missionaries who came to China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties or it is contained in a book，is an appendix。I hope the editors will use collective strength this time，It will definitely succeed”。

Despite the support of many scholars，But we need to compile a complete "Famous Dictionary of Foreigners in China in Modern Times"，Easier said than done。This dictionary edited by Chen Zenghui plans to include about 10,000 foreign nj bet365，Time span from 1524 to 1949，Mainly diplomats、Customs clerk，At the bank、Taxation、Post、Foreigners working in foreign companies，Catholic Missionaries、Jesusian missionaries、Doctor、Teacher、Sinologist、Explorer、Military、Government Advisor、Newspaper publishers, etc.。

The research on the Chinese nj bet365 who came to China in modern times is rich in content，There are rules to follow。Get this straight，Very important for compiling a large dictionary。Fujian Normal University has invested a lot of manpower、Material resources to carry out this work，This work was basically completed in 1991。But unfortunately，In 1991, dictionary editor-in-chief Chen Zenghui suffered from terminal illness，As a result, the compilation and review work was temporarily shelved。February 24, 1994，Chen Zenghui passed away。The dictionary compilation work has been put on hold until now，No one cares。so far，It has been 26 years since Chen Zenghui passed away，More than 80 years have passed since the idea was conceived。In recent years，Scholars from Fujian Normal University have restarted this work，Dictionary compilation working conditions and various social resources have also been fundamentally improved。Believe in the near future，With the efforts of the editor、With the care and support of scholars from all walks of life，The "Famous Dictionary of Foreigners Who Came to China in Modern Times" will be successfully completed，presented in front of readers。

(The author is a professor at the Fujian and Taiwan Regional Research Center of Fujian Normal University，Formerly served as the president of the nj bet365 Overseas Transportation History Research Association)