In recent years，Research on disaster history continues to deepen、Getting better day by day，But its bottleneck is becoming more and more obvious，The trend of modeling is becoming increasingly prominent。Academic circles focus mostly on natural disasters，Ignoring man-made disasters and major disasters caused by their linkage with natural disasters、Great trouble and chaos；The research perspective is mostly disaster response research from the perspective of "famine management" and "disaster relief"，But a holistic research orientation that integrates multiple disciplines has not truly been formed。This academic approach ignores the spread of disasters、Variability and Complexity Characteristics，Also ignores the public nature bet365 bonus code pa、Political and comprehensive characteristics。In view of this，With the help of the grand theoretical perspective of “national governance”，Attempt to carry out research on "History bet365 bonus code pa"，Perhaps it is a feasible way to innovate the research on China’s disaster history，It is also a reliable basis for conducting research on the history of national governance。

　With academic bet365 bonus code pa

Once a bet365 bonus code pa occurs，Its huge destructive power、Influence can trigger strong political reactions。From the affected area to the entire country、From emergency relief to recovery and reconstruction，During the entire process of bet365 bonus code pa occurrence and development，Both countries、Joint participation of society and individuals，There is a national governance mechanism、The joint operation of social governance forces，Reflecting strong political color and distinct national image。It can be said，bet365 bonus code pa governance is a complex political process，It is the concentrated expression of national governance，It is also a concentrated test of the country’s governance capabilities。

Research on the history bet365 bonus code pa in China must be based on natural disasters、Man-made disasters and their "hybrid disaster chain"，By analyzing the degree of disaster、Disaster damage losses、Disaster risk level、Disaster management capability and other indicator systems，Clarify the generation mechanism and evolution trajectory bet365 bonus code pa in the past，Examining the concepts and cognitions bet365 bonus code pa in the past、Economic Basics、Political Ecology、Institutional system、Ecological protection and other comprehensive management elements，Summary of the path models bet365 bonus code pa in the past、Competence level and lessons learned。

Research on the history bet365 bonus code pa in China must focus on disaster political governance、Social Governance、Economic Governance、Ecological governance、Cultural governance and other aspects，Long time period、Large space、In-depth study bet365 bonus code pa systems of past dynasties from multiple angles，Overall understanding of disaster prevention and preparedness in disaster management、Social Relief、System control、Information communication、Legal protection、Resource configuration、Official Management、Popular Mobilization、Post-disaster reconstruction and other capabilities，Observe the overall performance and actual effects of national disaster management capabilities in different historical periods as a whole，Profound revelation of "great disaster followed by great chaos"、The complex and ever-changing concept of "great chaos followed by great rule"、The historical phenomenon of reciprocating cycles，Dynamic inspection of the increasing progress of China’s national governance capabilities in past dynasties、General trend of gradual improvement。

Research on the history bet365 bonus code pa in China must break through the "famine policy" and disaster environment、Disaster Society、Traditional research paths such as disaster response，Change “response” to be more systemic、Holistic “governance”，Expand “government” to be more integrated、Coordinating “state”，Let the government、Multiple subjects such as society and individuals are the constituent elements of the "country"，Participate in the grand scene bet365 bonus code pa。So，Only in this way can we present the true historical picture bet365 bonus code pa。

　　bet365 bonus code pa three issues

Research on the history of disaster governance in China aims to re-examine the complex interactive relationship between disasters and national governance in the past，Building a bet365 bonus code pa mechanism and system with traditional Chinese characteristics，The key needs to clarify three issues。

First, the development history bet365 bonus code pa in the past。In other words, the historicist research approach，Comprehensively depict the dynamic picture and stages bet365 bonus code pa in the past、Regional characteristics，Full display of the country、Government、The different roles and functions of the public in disaster management，And with the help of a series of national disaster control behaviors and indicator systems，Objective evaluation of the ability level bet365 bonus code pa in past dynasties。In the meantime，It is necessary to independently examine the important measures and effectiveness bet365 bonus code pa in each period，It is also necessary to comparatively analyze the inheritance, development and historical connections bet365 bonus code pa in various periods，We also need to comprehensively summarize the emergency response bet365 bonus code pa in various historical periods、State authoritarianism、Experience dependence and other characteristics of the times。

The second is the comprehensive system bet365 bonus code pa in the past dynasties。Disaster management has been the focus of attention of governments and the general public in the past，Methods and paths bet365 bonus code pa、Strategy modes vary from time to time，Adapt measures to local conditions，And in time、Effective national policies are a powerful guarantee for disaster management。Chinese dynasties relied on a centralized political system，Utilize the forms and advantages of social and political organizations，Response to various natural disasters through political power、Preventive intervention in man-made disasters、Disaster relief，Gradually forming political governance、Social Governance、Economic Governance、Ecological governance、Comprehensive governance system of cultural governance。This disaster management system is essential for consolidating political rule、Maintain social stability、It is of great significance to ensure the safety of people’s livelihood，But sometimes the national disaster prevention capabilities in historical periods are exposed、Mobilization ability、Emergency capability、Relief ability、Limitations of the times such as limited construction capacity。

The third is the relationship between disaster management and national governance in the past dynasties。Research on the history bet365 bonus code pa in China is to highlight the country’s actions、Government Power、The role and effectiveness of social forces in disaster management，Reflecting organizational arrangements in disaster management、System Design、Legal protection and policy response。That’s the only way，Through the systematic study of the history bet365 bonus code pa，Only in this way can we gain a comprehensive insight into the complex interactive relationship between major disasters and national governance，Objective understanding of the linkage effects and huge destructive power of natural disasters and man-made disasters，Full explanation of the rise and fall of disasters in the world、The almost regular and even decisive influence in the succession of dynasties。

　　Has a complete and unique knowledge bet365 bonus code pa

"History bet365 bonus code pa" is a collection of disasters、Comprehensive knowledge integrating disaster management and national governance，Have its own complete and unique knowledge system，Generally includes the following three points。

First, build a comprehensive system for disaster management in the past dynasties。Putting disaster management under the perspective of national governance，Summary of the constituent elements bet365 bonus code pa systems in past dynasties，Including: disaster management structure system，That is, the government、Official、Society、Division of labor and cooperation among the people，Diverse subjects constituting disaster governance；Disaster management functional system，That is, the state exerts social mobilization、Organization、Supervision、Service、Configuration and other disaster management functions；Disaster management system，That is, forming a legal system、Supervision system、Collaboration system、Incentive system、Bureaucracy、Tax system and other disaster management systems；Disaster management method system，That is, applying the law、Administration、Economy、Morality、Education and other means，Top-down and bottom-up collaborative disaster management model。

The second is to summarize the overall achievements bet365 bonus code pa in the past。Place disaster management in real-life historical scenarios，Explaining the unification of the world、Politically prosperous、Social stability、Economic Development、National unity、People’s hearts are stable、Officials govern Qingming，Or war and separatism、Partisan strife、Economic Recession、Technologically backward、Ethnic conflict、Different historical periods such as when the world becomes weak，National Disaster Management Concept、Measures、Space-time differences and different effects of abilities。By reasonably setting a series of indicator systems、Literature basis、Typical historical facts, etc.，Comprehensive summary of the overall achievements and historical status bet365 bonus code pa in past dynasties，And with the help of political power integration in modern disaster governance、Systematic linkage mechanism、Emergency response automation、New trends such as popularization of social participation，Profound reflection on the experience and lessons bet365 bonus code pa in China in the past。

The third is to study and judge the overall ability bet365 bonus code pa in the past。Putting disaster management into complex disaster systems，Exploring the types of disasters in Chinese history、Causing factors、Disaster-pregnant environment、Bearer、Disaster and other important information and its temporal and spatial differences and historical impact，Focus on exploring the historical basis bet365 bonus code pa in past dynasties、State governance strategy、Internal and external motivation、Institutional system、Financial Security、Social resources、Ecological environment、Social force、Capacity system and other disaster management paths，In order to elaborate on the proactive actions and passive responses of national disaster management in past dynasties、Effective role and limited capabilities，Summary of the process bet365 bonus code pa in the past、means、Achievement and significance。

　　Adhere to four bet365 bonus code pa paths

"History bet365 bonus code pa" is a paradigm shift and perspective change in the study of disaster history in China，The research path is represented by the following four points。

First, adhere to the research perspective of overall history。Combining “disaster” and “governance”，Longitudinal clarification of the development trend of disasters and disaster management in the past，Reveal the changing patterns of disasters and disaster-causing factors，Analysis of social and economic development and response to disasters in past dynasties、Potential impacts bet365 bonus code pa，Elucidate resource allocation in disaster management in past dynasties、Power Game、Complex mechanisms such as private power，Combining the improvement process bet365 bonus code pa level in past dynasties、The accumulation process bet365 bonus code pa experience and its temporal and spatial differences。And through in-depth analysis of a series of major disaster management cases，Form an overall thinking and overall understanding of the national disaster management system under the leadership of large political entities。

The second is to adhere to an interdisciplinary research perspective。From a historical perspective，Study the historical process and basic trends bet365 bonus code pa in China in the past dynasties；From a political science perspective，Study the political practices and institutional guarantees in disaster management in past dynasties；From a sociological perspective，Research on social forces in disaster management in past dynasties、Social organizations and their roles、Behavior and function；From an economic perspective，Study the economic basis bet365 bonus code pa in past dynasties、Economic measures and economic benefits；From a geographical perspective，Study on temporal changes and regional differences in disaster management over the past dynasties；From an ecological perspective，Study the impact of disasters in the past on the ecology and the significance of ecological governance；From a cultural perspective，Study the ideological concepts and cultural behaviors bet365 bonus code pa in past dynasties。

The third is to adhere to the academic path from empirical evidence to speculation。Study the degree indicators of disaster occurrence and development through analysis、Risk Indicator、Indicators of damage and the politics of national disaster management、Economy、Society、Ecology、Cultural and other comprehensive capability indicators，Microscopic exploration of the system structure bet365 bonus code pa in China over the past dynasties、Evaluation methods and spatio-temporal differences；Comprehensive application bet365 bonus code pa、National governance and other theoretical methods，The theoretical basis for macroscopic understanding bet365 bonus code pa in China in past dynasties、Strategic points and difficulties of the times，Form an analytical framework of “history, society, environment, country”。

The fourth is to adhere to the thinking path from disaster management to country governance。Since ancient times, China has had the concept that “curing disasters is like governing a country” and “curing disasters is like governing a country”，Disaster governance research, governance history research, that is, looking at disaster governance through disasters，Looking at national governance through disaster management；Research on disaster management is the starting point for examining national governance in China’s past dynasties、Entry point，National governance is the foothold bet365 bonus code pa research、Basic point。This kind of thinking will lead to natural disasters in the past dynasties、Man-made disasters are included in the scope of national governance，Provides an important basis for re-understanding the relationship between disasters and national governance in the past。

In short，The particularity of disasters determines the particularity bet365 bonus code pa。The study of the history bet365 bonus code pa must be based on disasters、Disaster Management、In the progressive relationship of national governance，Systematic examination bet365 bonus code pa capabilities of past generations，Concentrated evaluation of the governance capabilities of past dynasties；Around disaster systems and governance systems，In-depth exploration of the academic and rational connection between disaster management and national governance，Refining disaster management theory with Chinese characteristics；Exploring the value orientation and humanistic care of the Chinese nation in disaster management，Summary of the practical paths and national actions bet365 bonus code pa in past dynasties，Provides valuable lessons for today’s disaster management。

　(The author is a professor at the School of History and Culture of Henan University and the Yellow River Civilization bet365 bonus code pa Center)