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1976，With the outbreak of the Congo (Gold) and Sudan，Ebola virus enters the world's vision。Human scholar observes this phenomenon keenly，Especially medical anthropology has opened up Ebola's special research。Due to most of the outbreak periods short，His wave sex is also less，Human scholars rarely participate directly in the prevention and control of the epidemic，Live in "Behind the scenes"，But after decades of academic accumulation，Many unique understanding and insights have been formed。From December 2013，Ebola epidemic spreads in West Africa，Live until 2016，The three countries with the most affected are Sierra Leone、Liberia and Guinea。August 2014，The World Health Organization has characterized this epidemic as "PHEIC" (PHEIC)，The focus of the world's attention，The international community has organized forces to provide emergency response measures。In this background，Anthropology ascended the "front desk" of the Ebola epidemic prevention and control。

　　A variety of forms participate in prevention and control

Human learning to participate in Ebola's prevention and control operation is diverse，Roughly classified as three aspects: Constructing the network platform、Promoting academic development、Deeple to the epidemic area。

Anthropologists have built three network platforms globally。The first network platform is "Copy Ebola Anthropology Platform" bet365 best casino games (ERAP)，September 2014，It is jointly built by institutions such as Sussex University and Exter University in London Health and Tropical Medical College，It is positioned as a consulting unit for WHO and the British International Development Agency。The platform releases the epidemic prevention and control briefing，Evaluate ADC; encourage human scholars to carry out original academic research; build the largest existing existing surviving anthropological research results on the Ebola epidemic in West Africa (including thesis、Report, Image Information, etc.) Online file library。other，Platform members also participated in the discussion of clinical trial ethical issues held by the WHO; provided information for the British Health Science Consultation Group; provided local social and cultural training for the staff of the British National Health Bureau of Sierra Leine; Request，Evaluate the impact of external intervention on the country's Ebola epidemic。2016，The platform has won the International Influence Award of the British Economic and Social Research Council。

The second platform is the "response to Ebola Humanities and Social Science Network" (EB-SHS Network)，September 2014 at the French Development Research Institute、French Microbial and Infectious Disease Research Institute and Western African National Economic Community and other institutions were established。The platform's feature is to rely on West Africa's local forces，It aims to mobilize Western African French countries (such as Maria、Niger、Ghana、Benin、Kotda、Burkina Faso and other countries) Humanities and Social Sciences (mainly bet365 live casino games anthropology) scholars，Commonly deal with the Ebola epidemic。The platform is funding for research plans and results publishing，Especially incorporating many scholars into the community -based Ebola prevention and control。

November 2014，The American Anthropology Association held the annual meeting，35 well -known anthropologists set up a workshop，Based on this, the third network platform is formed，"EEAI)。This platform formulates guiding documents (including five principles) for human scientific scholars (including five principles)，Anthropologists in at least 15 countries gathered，Contributing a large number of anthropological opinions on Ebola's prevention and control。The platform is also the main provider of the United Nations Anthropology Briefing of the United Nations。other，World Anthropology Federation、International Anthropology and Ethnic Federation and other international top -level anthropology organizations have spent voice encouraging human scholars to participate in the prevention and control of Ebola epidemic。

From the perspective of academic development，Humanology Ebola Research also reached a relatively prosperous stage at this time。The emergence of the network platform，Because convenience、Fast and flat features，Fully stimulated the enthusiasm of the academic creation of anthropologists，True knowledge and seeing continuously emerge。Some human marks also published the results of human scholars in real time，The "Cultural Anthropology" magazine affiliated to the American Society of Anthropology organized an issue of bet365 live casino games "Ebolat" in October 2014，A total of 15 articles，Look at the Ebola epidemic from a multi -dimensional angle，Causes warm response。Anthropologists are devoted to the prevention and control of the epidemic，Hold meetings and salons，Publishing books，Published papers、Social Actors，Share field notes、National Chronicle，Creative anthropology documentary, etc.。Many human scholars actively join the prevention and control team relying on universities or academic institutions，or go to the epidemic area for field research。Another，WHO also invites African local human scholars to join the prevention and control team，A total of 11 people from the Anthropology Group from Mali and Senegal were sent to the capital of Mali to carry out work。

　　Adjust the epidemic prevention and control strategy

Anthropologists know local society and culture，In the training staff (such as training for the work team of the Ebola patient)、Communication with local people play an indispensable role。Of course，The main responsibility of anthropologists is to provide academic consultation，Its concept、The impact of thought and vision on the prevention and control strategy is obvious。

When the international community first faced the Ebola epidemic，Preparation is not enough。In the initial stage of prevention and control，Core strategy is based on their "rational" and "scientificity" of their "rational" and "scientificity" of Ebola virus dissemination and control。In other words，Actions based on accurate medical knowledge are considered to be all needed by Ebola。But because the execution process is simple and rude，Many practices Bet365 app download that have damaged personality and dignity appear，great negative effects。If people cannot take care of their dying loved ones，Resentment of the heart;，Or quietly bury the deceased，As a result, the epidemic was further deteriorated。The local people face a group of protective clothing from head to toe、"Stranger" spraying disinfected spray everywhere，Full of fear。So someone threw stones at the ambulance，Even caused riots。Based on this dilemma，Human scholars give suggestions through various channels: abandoning top -down action plans，Persist in the bottom -up "community participation" policy，Only to make the prevention and control team truly integrate into the local community。

Anthropology scholars organize a social mobilization group，Establish procedures and solutions for all members of the community，Display the hazards and prevention and control knowledge of Ebola virus in the localized language。Give full play to traditional leaders、The role of local leaders and religious leaders，Organizational manpower records and reports on the death of the local community.。Integrate all local available resources，For example, developing a youth information officer system，Through the mobile phone、Motorcycles and even bicycle pass information。This kind of adaptation of local conditions、Operating communication system，I almost do not need a lot of technical support and fund funding，The effect is very significant。

Inhibiting the spread of Ebola virus needs to change some local customs、Habits and behavior，These matters have always belonged to the category of anthropological research: informal and traditional health care、bet365 best casino games Population flow、Food acquisition is closely related to the transmission of viruses。For example, anthropology scholars suggest that medical staff stop using the "isolation center" where the lives of Ebola virus infected lives，The word "treatment center" that makes people feel at ease。Such a small move for the people's mind for soothing the people of the epidemic area、Reducing resistance played a great role。In short，Ebola epidemic prevention and control needs to penetrate the internal internal of the local society，Find the source of social reality，and reached a balance with the control of the epidemic，This is a task for "tailor -made" for anthropology。

To some extent，Anthropology has become a "semantic mark" in Ebola's prevention and control: based on local society，Understand and respect the local cultural customs、Economic conditions and political reality，Give full excavation of the energy of the local people。other，The inherent tension displayed by the concept of anthropology and criticality is also worth mentioning，That is, anthropology provides a new theoretical framework for the biology and social ecological research of the Ebola epidemic。Chris Whitty, the chief medical officer of the UK, believes，The role of social sciences in the prevention and control of Ebola in West Africa cannot be ignored，"It's important to do almost every aspect we do"。For anthropology at the forefront of the Ebola epidemic prevention and control，Especially worthy of this praise。

　　(This article is the research on the research of African Anthropology Acting in Social Science Planning (18ndjc253yb) phased achievement)

　　(Author Unit: African Research Institute of Zhejiang Normal University)