Chinese is broad and profound，Yuanyuan Stream，Its powerful tolerance creates its colorful color。In several language fusion in Chinese history，In particular, the influence of Chinese language and culture with the Buddhist scriptures has the most far -reaching impact。The translation of the Buddhist scriptures begins in the East Han，Pushed in Sui and Tang dynasties，Continue to Song Yuan，The impact on Chinese culture is mainly reflected in language、Literature、Philosophy and other aspects。As far as language，The translation of the Buddhist scriptures not only promotes the expansion of Chinese vocabulary，Promoting the development of Chinese language rhyme，and expand the Chinese grammar structure。

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In the history of Chinese vocabulary, three large -scale absorption of foreign words，The translation of the Buddhist scriptures is one of them。Chinese vocabulary types have ancient words、Borrowing words、Three kinds of new words，The Chinese translation Buddhist scriptures mainly expand the new words of Chinese，and accompanied by some words to express Buddhism。After the Buddhist scriptures are introduced into China，In the process of translating the scriptures, I first borrowed the pre -Qin local vocabulary to express the ideological content of Buddhism，Give the meaning of Chinese vocabulary。For example，In Chinese，"Color" originally refers to color，"empty" refers to nothing，After being given the meaning of Buddhism，"Color" indicates that all material things，while "empty" means that everything is not physical，Born from the cause，The so -called "color is empty，empty is color "。The translation of the Buddhist scriptures gives the original Chinese vocabulary with new meaning，Make a lot of vocabulary multi -meaning，Enriched the semantic system of Chinese。

When it is impossible to use the original Chinese vocabulary to express the meaning of Buddhism，The monks created a large number of foreign words during the translation process，That is the new word。"Modern Chinese Dictionary" contains a large number of Buddhist vocabulary，bet365 Play online games Such as the world、moment、Past。"Buddhist idiom" also includes many idioms related to Buddhism，Some are still well known for people，Such as a cocoon、All happy and so on。The particularly interesting thing is，The scale of the Buddhist scriptures continues to expand，Buddhist language integrates into daily social life and loses the original Buddhist meaning。For example，In Buddhism，"Six Dust" refers to color、Sound、Xiang、taste，touch、method，If you can abandon all thoughts，The Buddha's language is called "one dust is not dyed"，This word is widely spread，The people give it a new meaning，means very clean。Similar to "Compassionate", "Suddenly", "Bodhisattva", etc.。Another，Proverbs derived from the language of Buddhism are countless，For example, "Nothing to Land on the Three Treasure Hall", "Temporary Holding the Buddha's Foot", "Can't Run the Monk Run the Temple", etc.。

In addition to expanding the number of vocabulary，The Chinese translation of the Buddhist scriptures also changed the form of Chinese vocabulary，To a certain extent accelerated the recharge process of Chinese vocabulary。"Chinese has been based on single -sound words in history for a long time，However, with the introduction of Buddhist culture，In order to adapt to the characteristics of Sanskrit and the need for translation of Buddhist scriptures，Also to make the translation smoother，The translators of the Buddhist scriptures created a large number of dual -voice words and polyphonic words during the translation scripture。"For example，In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the translation of "Prajna Travel Scriptures": "100,000; I know it";，All crossing。"The interpretation of the Buddhist scriptures，More and more dual -tone words are constantly emerging，If you advance and retreat、Disproof、Consciousness、Ruyi、Sponsor、Hope、Consciousness、Troubles、Opportunity, etc.。To the Wei and Jin dynasties，The dual -soundization process of Chinese vocabulary is greatly accelerated，Specific performance is that the concepts represented by single -sound words in the past most of them have dual syllabic forms，The new concepts that appear are basically represented by dual syllables。Another，The Chinese translation of the Buddhist scriptures also has a huge impact on the Chinese wording method，Promoting the enrichment and development of Chinese bet365 best casino games composition methods。Early Chinese word formation method is based on parallel formula and partial formal。Due to the development of the Buddhist scriptures，Increased free translation，Affected by Buddhist terms，The main predicate in Chinese、Add type、Comprehensive and other word compositions are more。In the main predicate，The roots of the former are the object of statement，The roots of the latter stated the roots of the previous word，such as "Rotating、Freedom、Dharma ", etc.。Additional type consisting of，Divided into front plus and post -plus type。Former plus style such as "A Luo Han", "Little: Mado", etc.，Post -plus style such as "sex: legal" "ization: lineization、Cage ", etc.。Comprehensive types mainly refer to words composed of triple or four -syllable，such as "Eight Merit、Da from the sky、Bath Buddha statue、See the former crowd、Learning Fruit、Mine ", etc.。

　　The translation of the Buddhist scriptures promotes the development of Chinese rhyme

During the translation of the Buddhist scriptures, a large number of transliteration words and free translation words，These phonetic translation can be used to understand the changes in the history of Chinese voice，This helps further study Chinese rhyme。Scholar Du Aixian said: "The most important impact of Buddhism on Chinese phonology has three aspects，One is four sounds，The second is the mother，Third is to wait for the rhyme chart。"" Anti -cut method、Pinyin、Yongming Sound Theory、The generation of four -sound modulation is closely related to the translation of the Buddhist scriptures。

Chinese is a pictographic text，There is no pronunciation itself。So，Before the appearance of modern Chinese pinyin，How the ancients spell Chinese characters，How is the rhyme of writing poems? actually，The ancients used a lot of soundaries，Ru Directo、Situation method, etc.。The direct sound method uses the pronunciation of Chinese characters that is easier to know，such as "蛊，Yin Gu "" Sight，Yin also "and so on。Although this kind of voices method is simple and easy to read，But there is a problem，That is, in the case of gay characters in the same sound，I still can't read it after the vulcration。Indian Sanskrit belongs to Pinyin text，Sanskrit phonetic rhymes were introduced into China during the Northern and Southern Bet365 app download Dynasties，Effects on Chinese Yin Yue，Monks of translating scriptures draw on Sanskrit Pinyin methods to create an anti -cut method。Anti -cut method is to use two more typical Chinese characters to give another Chinese character vocal voices，The anti -cutting word is the same as the audio mother in the word，The vowels and tones of the inverted words are the same as the vowels and tones in the word。For example，"Pick，This subneaga "，Where，"This" indicates that the mother is C，Performing the vowel U and tone (third sound)，So "pick" the word "third voice)。The word "Cai" is very different from the pronunciation of modern Chinese，It is due to the development of Chinese after thousands of years of development。Note in the anti -cut method，Not only can you give each word awarded，Can be marked more accurate，It has improved a lot compared to the previous few phonetic methods，This is due to the introduction of Buddhism and the popularity of the translation of Buddhism。

The popularity of the translation of the Buddhist scriptures not only spawned the anti -cut method，It also lays the foundation for the appearance of pinyin。Pinyin can be traced back to the fourteen sound，"The Book of Buddhism" records: "The Book of Brahma said" Note: "Today Brahmin Book is the fourteen sound"; "Nirvana" records:，Shizun! What is the fundamental word?。What is the righteous cloud of the words? Good man!。This fourteenth sound is called word。"These Buddhist scriptures indicate，Fourteen sounds have appeared as early as the basics of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties。At the same time，Xie Lingyun believes in the release of Buddha，Quite accomplishment，Can read and translate Sanskrit，Rewarding the "Big Nirvana Sutra" and "Diamond Sutra" and other many debates，Then I wrote "Fourteen Sound Symbols" about the accurate pronunciation of Sanskrit。In the late Tang Dynasty，Someone divides the Chinese mother into thirty types，That is, the thirteen letters of the Wen Wen Wen at present。These thirty letters generally represent the acoustic parent system of Chinese language in the Tang Dynasty，This system develops to the Song Dynasty，Another six voices，It is now called "36 letters of Wen Wen"。The creation of the 36th letters of the Wen Wen，Lu Jieyuyun: "Great Tang Shengli Creative Letter Bet365 lotto review Thirty，After the first wen, I will Yi Yi Niang，Help，滂，micro，The sixth mother of Feng is the thirty -six letters。""，According to Qian Daxin and others,，Shou Wen is Tang Jimen monk，After the establishment of the thirteen letters。Forty -two letters of the Borneum Book of West Wizes，and Land Fa words、Sun Yan's rhyme book，Cosmetic comparison，Then make 36 letters。It can be seen from these records，The creation of the thirty -six letters and the thirty -six letters comes from the pronunciation ideas and methods of the Buddhist scriptures of the Western Regions。

The emergence of Yongming Sound Theory，Not only affected by the development of Chinese phonology，Also received from the east of Buddhism、The influence of the Chinese Sanskrit Buddhist Sutra translation，It is also since the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties，Literature independence、Articles The inevitable product of 骈 骈。Spring and Autumn Period，Five sounds in ancient Chinese music are divided into palace、Business、Corner、Zheng、Yu，These five sounds applied in Chinese，Later called five -sound rhythm。After the Buddhist scriptures are introduced to China，The monks of translations are inspired by Sanskrit spelling methods，The frustration that shows when reading the Buddhist scriptures、Pingzhang is characterized by characteristics and Chinese five sounds，Created the form of four -tone pinyin in Chinese。Shen Yue said in the "Song of Song Book · Xie Lingyun", saying the rhyme problem in poetry creation:，Eight Yin Xie Chang，Yu Xuanhuang Lulu，Miaida's purpose。To make the palace feathers change，Low each other，If there are floating sounds in front，Then you must cut the rear。简，The rhyme is diverse; in the two sentences，Differences in the weight。Miaida's purpose，The beginning can be said。"" He thinks，Although literature has developed progress in style，There is no corresponding progress in the rhythm，Famous articles are mostly natural natural，Although it is dark with the rhythm，I do n’t know why it is。Therefore，He proposed a specific voice theory、Writing Law and Principle，Divide ancient Chinese into four categories: Ping、Part、Go、Enter，That is the four -sound rule。Four Scholars Li Shibiao pointed out，Shen Yue and bet365 best casino games others learned about the reference of the Buddhist scriptures and found four sounds，Standardized eight diseases，Make the Passing of the Law a clear basis and rule。

　　The translation of the Buddhist scriptures expands the Chinese grammar structure

Syntax believes that the vocabulary belongs to the basic part，Determine the grammar structure of the sentence。And linguistics thinks，Unified vocabulary and grammar，The two do not clear the boundary and complement each other。The Chinese translation Buddhist scriptures have expanded the vocabulary of Chinese vocabulary，It will inevitably have a profound impact on Chinese grammar。Sanskrit itself is simple and understand、fluency and understanding，Chinese translation scriptures should also be simple and easy to understand。Chinese translation Buddhist scriptures in the Six Dynasties，Abandoned the exaggerated gorgeous wind of 骈，Start using "handle", ",", "", "pass"; at the same time，The use frequency of "people" and "also" in classical Chinese use sentences are also greatly reduced。For this，It is not difficult to understand。From the perspective of cultural communication，When the abstract concept of the Buddhist scriptures is difficult to translate，To promote the Dharma，Explaining Buddhist righteousness，The translator will follow the "convenience" principle，Adopt sentences close to civilians，Abandon the complex and lengthy sentence。For example，We are familiar with "Lian Po，Zhao Zhiliang will also "，After being introduced in China in large quantities of the Buddhist scriptures，Gradually replaced by simple sentence patterns; at the same time，There are also a lot of inverted sentences in the Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures、Question sentences and explanation sentences，These sentences change bring impact on Chinese，Promoting the generation of ancient verbal words。

Except for changes in the sentence form，The grammatical function of many words has also changed。Take the word "Go" as an example，"Go" as the core verb，Can be used alone，It can also be used as the predicate component of a sentence.。During the Northern and Southern Dynasties，"Go" to undertake the function of continuous blur，Gradual semantic relationship with the core verb becomes alienated，From "dual -core structure" to "single core structure"，Supplementary ingredients bet365 Play online games expressed as the whole sentence，From the core verb to a complement verb。5429_5451，It also revealed the trend of developing in the direction of medieval Chinese from single -sound words to dual -tone words。

To sum up，The translation of the Buddhist scriptures has a great impact on the development of Chinese，Expanded Chinese vocabulary，Rich Chinese -based wording method，Promoting the development of Chinese language rhyme，Extended Chinese grammar structure，Make the Chinese language system in the image、Vitalitability and other aspects are greatly increased，strongly promoted the development and improvement of Chinese。

　(This article is the key project of the “Belt and Road” my country Translation Policy Research (2017zdixm110) in Jiangsu University Philosophy and Social Sciences Key Projects) (author unit: Nanjing Normal University School of Foreign Language)