History tells us，The problem of poverty is directly related to the minimum level of human survival，Eradicating poverty can meet the people’s minimum needs for a better life。around poverty，The founder of historical materialism continues to pay more attention to this social reality issue，Criticizing traditional idealism、Spiritualism。Historical Materialism as “True Empirical Science”，The basic principles of determining consciousness based on life，Study the overall development of social history，Emphasize the mass view of history。Engels showed the initial stance of historical materialism in his youth，And fully apply it to the analysis bet365 promo codes situation bet365 promo codes British working class，Examine poverty as an overall social problem。

　　Discovering the problem of poverty: taking bet365 promo codes history as the research object

Engels regarded poverty as a social and historical issue，Instead of an independent economic issue、Political science issues and philosophical issues。In explaining the problem of poverty，Engels was not limited to the established social conditions，But open up the investigation bet365 promo codes history bet365 promo codes European continent，Focus on the analysis bet365 promo codes difficulties faced by Britain in carrying out social reforms。By sorting out social forms and their typical characteristics from ancient times to modern times，Engels explained the reasons for the formation bet365 promo codes principle of subjectivity and the principle of simplicity under the rule of interests, that is, the rule of property，Point out that social revolutions greatly accelerated the demise of feudalism and the demise bet365 promo codes Christian world order。On the one hand，Based on the principle of interests，Politics and religion can no longer explain the essential nature of human beings，Everyone begins to fight for freedom and equal rights；On the other hand，The Poor Law is formally based on this "relatively liberal principle"，Called by Engels a Bastille-like social existence。Because we are against selfishness and competition、Behind the advocacy of collaborative division of labor and free labor，It is to strengthen the competition system through improved methods，So much so that on the basis of acknowledging private ownership, we watch the widespread poverty bet365 promo codes proletarians。

Engels rejected the spiritual annotation that “Christianity is communism”，Reject anarchist personal responsibility，Also opposed to the thought experiments conducted by utopian socialists represented by Owen，That is, "Socialist Plan to Eradicate Social Poverty"。Engels believes，In the face of real poverty and justice issues，These spiritual materials are obviously meaningless。He obtained data through personal observation，Thus discovered the social roots of poverty。Engels pointed out，Poverty is a product of social development，The poverty bet365 promo codes working class is the result of industrial society、Historical results of development。The advancement bet365 promo codes industrial revolution has gradually formed the phenomenon of competition and monopoly，Make the gap between rich and poor more acute and obvious。With the contradiction between labor and capital、The conflict between man and land、The contradiction between consumption and production，The general seriousness bet365 promo codes business crisis has directly led to the social crisis。

Engels proposed the concept of "social murder"，Equating the problem of extreme poverty with “social murder”，Think that this is derived from the contradictory mechanism between productivity and production relations，Directly reflected in the issue of possession of means of living and production。But，All unfavorable factors are tilting towards the proletariat。At that time，The British Whigs、Tory Party，And utopian socialism do not fundamentally explain the problem。For example，The Whigs explained poverty in terms of land monopoly and corn laws；The Tories explain poverty in terms of free competition；Utopian socialists assume that property is shared，Understanding the poverty issue from the established legal relationship。These theorists or economists have neither thoroughly examined the "general actual conditions of modern civilized society"，It also does not take the social history as a whole as the research object，Therefore, there is no competition and monopoly phenomenon、The relationship between ownership and liberalism goes into the contradiction between productivity and production relations。Engels pointed out in "The Condition bet365 promo codes Working Class in England": "The cause of poverty lies in modern social relations，Especially the competition。”He integrated social competition into the analysis of all material life relationships，Considering the problem of poverty not only as a problem of production relations，Also pointed out the falsity of bourgeois ideology。Facing the phenomenon of "social murder"，The bourgeoisie clearly knows that the working class is suffering，But do not improve this situation，Instead, laws or ideological enlightenment are used to cover up and modify the problem of unfair distribution of means of living and means of production，The result is that the flow of capital is accelerating，The phenomenon of extreme poverty becomes more severe。

　　Analysis of bet365 promo codes problem: based on the basic principle that life determines consciousness

Engels refused to use the basic viewpoints of speculative philosophy as principles and basis，But analyze social reality issues based on perceptual life，Thus forming a basic view bet365 promo codes conditions of industrial society。Engels explained the role of private ownership and the competition mechanism throughout all life relationships in an empirical and intuitive way，Exploring the root causes of “social war”。In "The Condition of England·Eighteenth Century"，Engels pointed out: The development of private ownership makes people become commodities，The competition system has caused millions of people to be "massacred"，A series of human and ethical issues brought about by this，Must use "Abolish private ownership、The solution can only be solved by "eliminating competition and opposing interests"。The development of material life relationships has gradually shifted the way of human existence from the dominance of humans to the dominance of things，The rulers bet365 promo codes world become universal abstract capital and its possessions。While people are reduced to slaves of capital，The problem of poverty then formed。

Based on the actual production and living conditions of individuals，Engels explained the principles of immanence and externalization。In the UK，Intrinsicity is mainly reflected in pure self-interest、Principles of atomic formulas，The form of externalization is mainly reflected in the movement of private ownership。Around these two dimensions，Engels comprehensively analyzed the social existence and social consciousness of real individuals。In "The Condition bet365 promo codes Working Class in England"，Engels stared at the production and life bet365 promo codes working class from two aspects: physical condition and mental condition。

From the perspective of externalization，The laws of things replace the laws of nature and participate in the shaping of human relationships，Formation of world order and political society governed by private ownership。The emergence and development of private ownership is always accompanied by the need for employees、Exploitation and oppression bet365 promo codes working class。Engels pointed out that it is property or capital that rules，So all the unjust acts bet365 promo codes state and the law put overall pressure on the proletarians、On the poor，The whole society has adopted a bystander attitude，Indirectly providing shelter to the rich。The UK at that time was only a world bet365 promo codes rich and the middle class，It is such a social group and its belongings that are recognized by the Constitution，The poor and the proletariat have lost social equality and freedom under the coercion of capital。

From the perspective bet365 promo codes principle of immanence，Engels through the ethics of human nature、Social awareness、Egoism and other aspects express the impact of poverty。With the movement of private ownership and capital，“Cash payment has been upgraded to the only bond between human beings”，The principle of self-interest and subjectivity are deeply rooted in human consciousness in a rational world order。In economic life，People still advocate self-interest as always，Activities pursuing interests have become a common phenomenon。Egoism has become an important "magic weapon" to promote industrial operation。However，Utilitarianism while improving urban efficiency，It is also lowering the living standards bet365 promo codes most important people in the city。Inhuman egoism and unspeakable poverty together form the spatial image of industrial society。

　　Solving the bet365 promo codes problem: using class struggle as a breakthrough method

Class is the product bet365 promo codes historical development of a certain society，Therefore, to analyze historical phenomena, we must carry out an analysis of class conditions。In industrial society，The contradiction between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat has always appeared in the form of a "social war"，The problem of poverty has always existed in this way of class antagonism，Concentrated on the poor life and oppressed condition bet365 promo codes proletariat。Engels especially analyzed the various social conditions bet365 promo codes proletariat in "The Condition bet365 promo codes Working Class in England"，And pointed out: "The situation bet365 promo codes working class is also the situation bet365 promo codes vast majority bet365 promo codes British people。”Engels regarded the central question bet365 promo codes British condition as that bet365 promo codes condition bet365 promo codes working class，Focuses on the proletariat and its poverty issues that have been created since the industrial revolution。Poverty is not just a matter of living conditions，It also implies widespread class contradictions and conflicts，Intuitively reflected in the labor production and life bet365 promo codes working class。Therefore，Describe the living conditions bet365 promo codes working class，Directly reflects common social reality problems。

Engels based on the stage characteristics and history of social development，Explain that the problem of poverty refers specifically to the poverty problem bet365 promo codes working class，Instead of poor people、The poverty problem of workers，Only the poverty problem bet365 promo codes working class is a common problem related to the direction of British society。Young Engels defined the final result bet365 promo codes British Industrial Revolution in the 18th century as the formation and development bet365 promo codes proletariat，And point out its social conditions and historical reasons。To this，Engels focused on describing the housing conditions bet365 promo codes urban working class、Population immigration、Industrial competition、Typical issues such as factory labor，Explain the origin of private ownership and the essence of class oppression and exploitation in an empirical and intuitive way。Due to the existence of private ownership，The right to rule and enjoy capital is in the hands of a minority of capitalists，The proletariat, who make up the vast majority of society, cannot enjoy the fruits of their labor。

Engels pointed out，Only through the workers’ movement and class struggle and comprehensive transformation of social relations，It is possible to integrate class interests。The workers’ movement is not a natural process，It is the unfolding process of social history。The labor movement is not born out of poverty，It is the contradictory movements of production relations that give rise to the workers’ movement。Engels explained the slave-like living conditions bet365 promo codes proletariat under the coercion of capital through personal investigation，Exposing the illusion of bourgeois rule，Indirectly illustrates the unsustainability of bourgeois rule，Will eventually be overthrown by the proletarian regime。That’s why，Engels advocated social revolution，Explain the world historical significance of solving the poverty problem from the most fundamental issue of distribution of social benefits。Based on the social conditions bet365 promo codes proletariat，Engels further pointed out how to solve the problem of poverty，The class struggle bet365 promo codes poor in particular against the rich is not a political revolution based on the whole of politics or democracy，It is a social revolution that transcends all political objects and is guided by socialist principles。At the same time，Engels pointed out: "Principles must have an impact on history，Must be converted into benefits first。”In other words，The key to solving the problem of poverty lies in the liberation bet365 promo codes proletariat from the illusory universality，Truly become the winner bet365 promo codes general interests of society，And the holders of social power。

　(Author’s affiliation: School of bet365 promo codes, Renmin University of China)