Thinking interpretation of the Marx Community
September 29, 2020 09:09 Source: "China Social Sciences", September 29, 2020, Issue 2021 Author: Hu Xiaojun

Community is the basic concept used by Marx in discussing the development of human society,Reflected the social nature of human beings。From the historical sequence,The concept of community used in Marx includes the original "natural community"、The "Unreal Community" represented by a capitalist country and the "true community" as a "free man"。In the works such as "German Ideology",Marx strives to criticize the reflection of class rule、Capital logic and dependent capitalist "illusions",Explained the conditions and paths of "real community"。

Common interest is the fundamental perspective of Marx's interpretation of the development of the community。Start from the ape,Human beings leave the state of animals in order to develop in the process of development,Need to use the combination force and collective action of the group to make up for the lack of self -defense ability,Therefore, the clan was combined in the process of common labor、Tribe and other forms of "natural community"。This period,Due to the low level of productivity,People are relatively dependent on "Nature Community",The communication and connection between people is limited to the internal of the "natural community",The height of each other's interests。But "Natural Community" is not unchanged,bet365 live casino games It is developing and changing with the progress of productivity。After entering class society,Labor has formed a variety of forms of "natural community" in the production process,Rural Communes in the production mode of Asia、Medieval Guild、"Malke" and other。In this community,People have not got rid of the dependence relationship of people。

With the development of productivity and the emergence of division of labor,The workers are separated from each other with their own objective conditions,Original workers were both producers and the relationship between the owner of the production tool。Individuals are liberated from the natural community,Disclosure from personal attachment and becomes a "free person",Various small communities in the former capitalist society also disappear。In this case,People have entered the "Unreal Community" represented by a capitalist country。The reason why Marx refers to the capitalist country as "illusory community",The reason is that the division of labor and private ownership leads to "the contradiction between the interests of a single individual or the interests of a single family and the common interests of all interaction of each other"。The entire society is increasingly divided into two opposing classes,Class "special interests" and the "common interests" contradictions of the community are prominent。Marx pointed out: "It is this contradiction between special interests and common interests,Common Bet365 lotto review interests only adopt the state of the state such as the independent form of a single interest and the overall interests of the country,Take the form of an illusory community at the same time。"But this" unreal community form "does not represent the interests of all members of the community,It represents only the interests of the ruling class。and "Every new class that attempts to replace the old ruling class,In order to achieve your purpose, you have to tell your interests as the common interest of all members of the society "。The bourgeoisie through constitutional form,Name that all citizens are given democracy、Freedom and other rights,Putting gorgeous coats for the illusion of capitalist countries,Great deception and blindness,Its essence is still to maintain the "special interests" of the bourgeoisie。

Community is the basic way of existence of people and society,It is also the basic environment for people's social interaction。People are the sum of all social relations,Only in the community,Individuals can obtain a means of comprehensive development of their talents,Only personal freedom。but,In a capitalist society,Commodity exchange becomes the main communication activity of community members,The pursuit of exchange value becomes the main driving force for members of the community to produce material production。During the commodity exchange process,The currency has achieved a relatively independent form,It makes the relationship between people become bet365 live casino games accidental。With the exchange of labor products with "free people" labor products, it becomes reality,The currency obtains the form of capital。When currency becomes capital,It becomes an independent "currency community" that is different from the individual,Drive anyone in the form of expression。"Capital is a kind of power that is affirmative and negated,constantly denying things that are not suitable for it "。Because of this,Capital occupies an absolute dominance in capitalist society,The social productivity created by people is no longer controlled by people,It is controlled by capital,Become a tool to pursue capital value -added。In the monetary community,Real individuals have only a kind of abstraction,Because it is "just external,Incidentally ... personal satisfaction means "。Under the rule of monetary capital,Gradually reduced to people who depend on things。Currency becomes a direct purpose for people to exchange each other,Personal production and exchange concentration depends on currency。It is in this situation,The relationship between people and people is replaced by the relationship between things and things。

After Marx's various alienation phenomena caused by criticizing the capitalist community,Establish a "true community" as a "free person" as a value target。but,It is not a natural process to move from "Unreal Community" to "Real Community",Class compression that must not be alienated、Capital Bet365 app download Control、Private ownership and division of labor restrictions,Fundamental speaking,It also needs highly developed productivity as guarantee。"Real Community" is the communist society that humans have been liberated。The primary premise of the liberation of people is that people’s material life needs,Get full satisfaction at the same time in quantity and quality。Only the highly developed productivity can provide all members of the community with the necessary living materials,The material wealth of the community can benefit every member of the community。Otherwise,The phenomenon of "generalization of extreme poverty" will appear in the community,People will fall into the fight against the essentials of life。But,Highly developed productivity will not automatically guide "true community"。This is because of,Realization of the real community,Changes in economic and social forms,Based on the contradiction movement of productivity and production relations,Using production relations to adapt to productivity development as a change direction。but,As long as the capitalist society still exists class confrontation,As long as the interests of the capitalist society are still special interests instead of universal interests,As long as the bourgeois society is still a private society,So,The real community will not be realized。

Marx thinks,"Only the proletariat can only abolish their existing possessive methods,to abolish all Bet365 app download existing possession methods,Only to obtain social productivity "。That is to say,The realization of the real community in the future should be based on the elimination of private ownership。Due to the establishment of public ownership of the production data,Individual and individual、The contradiction between the interests between the individual and the community will disappear,The two will become unified。At this time,The production of the community will be directly possessed by the entire society,The members of the community will jointly possess and use the production materials as a free individual。Adapt to the public ownership of the means of production,The production of the community will no longer follow the principles of the commodity economy to pursue exchange value,Instead, there are planned and organized production according to the needs of community members,and then maximize the use value,Finally, all members of the community have shared sharing。Due to the joint possession of production materials and co -organizational production,Therefore, the real community "makes every member of the society not only participate in the production of social wealth ... enough to ensure that everyone's reasonable needs to be satisfied to the greater and more extent"。

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