French rural towns with nature、Gu Pu、Cleanly known，The original classical rural scenery and perfect modern infrastructure，Become a rural life that people yearn for people，The impression of "the most comfortable rural life in France" and "the most beautiful place in France in the country"。But before the 1990s，French rural living environment has also experienced a process from decline to perfection。France after World War II began to develop rapid urbanization and industrial modernization，Rural society is gradually declining，Facing hollowing、Incorrect infrastructure、Poor housing conditions、Traditional cultural marginalization and other problems。How to attract the population return，Fuxing Village，Improve bet365 live casino games the rural living environment is an important issue。For this French government issued and implemented a series of measures，formed a reasonable rural rectification plan as a lead、Live and protect the ancient town of rural areas as cultural heritage、Ecological governance rural environment as the concept、Constructing a development model for guaranteeing high -quality rural housing。

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Build a high -quality rural living environment，First of all, there must be scientific rural planning guidance。The 1970s，The French government has implemented a strong intervention policy on rural rejuvenation，Through a series of laws such as "Rural Remediation Plan" and "Regional Development Contract", rural remediation and planning，This is a material space、Agriculture、Economy、Ecological、Cultural and other comprehensive policies，Among them, it also includes the protection of the rural environment。1982，The French government promulgated the "Town、Provincial、Rights and Freedom of the Region，bet365 Play online games Open French local decentralization reform，Power decentralization of the country to the local area，It guarantees that the local government is the main body of the preparation and implementation of the local government。But the number of towns in France exceeds 36,000，High -density township design system limits the implementation of public policy。How to ensure the reasonable coordination between regions in the "Rural Remediation Plan"，The town consortium formed under the implementation of the municipal joint system has served as the main body，An important carrier for interests between regions，It is conducive to collaboration between grassroots governments。1983，France also promulgated the "Charter of the Joint Development and Planning of Town"，replaced the previous "Rural Remediation Plan"，Comprehensive document for becoming a French rural development plan。

By 2005，Based on the combination of the top -level design and planning plan of the town consortium，The French government has implemented the "Excellent Village" project。until 2009，Most of the towns in France have added urban consortia with independent financial power，Its proportion exceeds 90%，Continuously enhance local government planning functions。Another，It also includes rural traffic in rural planning、Water conservancy、Electricity、Education and other conventional infrastructure，and communication network、Rural Medicine、Construction content of cultural services，These are conducive to improving the quality of life of the rural population。

　　Live and protect the ancient town of rural town

Under the background of rapid urbanization and modernization，To attract population return，Protecting rural traditional culture，The French government has implemented the "Traditional Village Protection and Revival Plan"，Persist in the activation protection of the ancient villages of the house，Make traditional culture with local characteristics be inherited。I introduced bet365 live casino games by France in 1985、Culture and other departments jointly formulated traditional villages policies，But the difference from other countries is，France does not adopt a museum -style protection method，or the replication of ancient buildings highlights rural traditional culture，Instead of following the concept of living protection，Original reducing the original appearance of traditional villages。

First，Develop strict legal system，Provide institutional guarantee for the maximum repair of ancient villages。For "What can you move，What cannot be moved "has a clear system and regulations，It is forbidden to build privately in the village，If necessary, it is necessary to transform，It must pass the government's strict application approval process。Another，Under the leadership of the town government，Established "Building、City and Landscape Heritage Reserve "，Effective connection of the preparation of the protection system for the rural historical and cultural heritage and local urban planning。Second，The government provides high subsidies，Provide funds for the protection of ancient villages。To attract professional construction talents，French Central and local governments jointly invested in establishing a rural infrastructure fund，Encourage professional talents to participate in rural construction with higher compensation and construction subsidies。This measure has attracted a large number of "Xinxiangxian" supported by returning to the hometown，With their knowledge、Technology、Funds、Cultural participation in the protection of traditional villages，It mainly includes the transformation of villagers' accommodation，Develop tourism industry mainly based on private people's homes，and transforming simple houses or abandoned buildings into village houses and rural elementary schools。third，Encourage private social organizations to actively participate in the protection of rural bet365 live casino games activation。The "Most Beautiful Rural Association" established in 1982，It is one of the most influential rural protection associations in France，distributed more than 21 regions and 68 provinces，built nearly 155 most beautiful villages，Play a positive role in the protection of rural traditional culture。The activation process of village towns in France，The upcoming deserted buildings have been repaired or transformed，Both traditional and modern，Not only does it preserve the overall overall style of ancient buildings，It also guarantees the convenience of internal use。So far，There are more than 1,300 "European Classical Cultural Villages" in France。Under the idea of ​​protection and utilization,，These ancient villages have a strong traditional cultural heritage in the French rural living environment。

　　Ecological governance rural environment

France always attaches importance to the construction of the ecological environment，Adhere to the road of sustainable development。Starting from the 1960s，successively introduced laws and regulations specifically for environmental protection，Including the "National Park Law", "Air Pollution Governance Law", "Water Resources and Water Pollution Governance Law", "Natural Protection Law", etc.，After the 1990s, the framework legislation represented by the "Sustainable Development Law", "Environmental Law" and "Environment Charter"。，The French government has also set up a special environmental protection agency，The Ministry of Environment was established as early as 1971，2002、Multiple reorganization in 2007，Rename the environment in 2008、Energy、Sustainable development and territorial remediation department。Under the provisions of the legal system and the corresponding institutional management，From the central、region、The functional departments of the province until the town have clear environmental management and control rights and responsibilities。

In order to better realize Bet365 lotto review the development of ecological agriculture and rural areas，Incentive measures for the government to implement high agricultural subsidies and rural environmental payment。France implemented the new "Agricultural Guidance Law" in 2010，Farmers who need to obtain the direct subsidy of the EU must respect the requirements of rural ecological environmental protection laws; if it does not meet the document requirements，The government can take punishment measures，Subsidies can also be canceled directly;，Under the premise of the peasants' obey environmental payment，The government provides farmers with higher crop cost and income loss subsidy。Started for land arrangement in the "Regulations on the Implementation of the French Rural Development in 2010-2015" to improve the countryside、Agricultural Ecological Environment，Promote special tourism，Actively protect the farming culture and other measures。In recent years，Out of the protection of the rural environment，The French government also proposed ecological agriculture 2022 planning project，Gives greater support for ecological agriculture in policy and technology，To further improve the ecological environment、Residence conditions and infrastructure。

　Construction of high -quality rural housing

The improvement of housing conditions is the basic guarantee for people to return to the countryside，It is also an important content of the improvement of rural human settlement environment。French rural housing conditions have been improved，On the one hand, thanks to the implementation of the rural revival plan，On the other hand, the rapid development of urbanization and modernization，The demand for rural housing has been born。With the improvement of urban house prices，People who make a living in the city make a living to meet the demand for housing，I have to buy housing in the suburbs or villages，This trend has become more obvious with the development of the times。But the price is low、Spacies such as bet365 best casino games housing attract more buyers，Gu Pu、Natural rural characteristics also attracts the middle class to buy a second house in the countryside。Data show，As of the end of 2000，The population of residents in the suburbs of France increased by 70%，More than 18%of the urban population lives in the countryside。

In order to better meet the needs of different groups，The local government is also actively promoting new housing or providing housing rental。As of 2005，More than 90%of the houses in the French village are independent houses，Housing conditions are obviously better than urban apartments。After the improvement of rural housing conditions，The penetration rate of Internet infrastructure in France in 2009 also reached 100%，The network has brought greater convenience，Also separate the place of work from the place of life and living becomes possible，further improved the quality of rural housing。High -quality housing conditions have improved the possibility of "urban people" return to rural settlement or short -lived，In addition, it also attracted a lot of tourists，Development of rural tourism has brought more employment opportunities，The industrial function of the countryside is also expanded。

In the context of hollowing in the country,，The French government is the village of Fuxing，A series of plans such as the "Rural Updated Area", "Mountain Economic Zone", "Rural Remediation Plan", "Excellent Village"，Actively develop ecological agriculture、Rural Tourism、Rural service industry, etc.。At the same time，It has also formed a long -term mechanism for maintaining a good rural living environment。A good natural environment in French villages、Deep cultural heritage、Convenient transportation and modern infrastructure，Become a life for French people。my country's villages also have a rich historical and cultural heritage，French villages continue to maintain a good living environment，It provides reference for the improvement of the improvement of bet365 live casino games the rural living environment in my country。

(This article is an empirical study of the Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund Project "Government Trust and Villagers Participation in Rural Environmental Governance Actions" (19YJC630074)、The Outstanding Youth Project of the Hunan Provincial Department of Education "Xinxianxian's positive role in the rectification of rural living environment" (19B089) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Public Management of Hunan Institute of Finance and Economics; School of Business Administration, Hunan University of Technology)