Yellow River is the mother of the Chinese nation，The middle reaches of the Yellow River is the main root of the Chinese civilization of multiple branches，It is the main activity area of ​​the Yanhuang tribe in historical legends，The middle reaches of the Yellow River or the Central Plains is like the flower heart of the prehistoric Chinese flowers。Correct understanding of the central position of the Yellow River in the process of civilization，For the essential characteristics of objective understanding of early Chinese civilization、Inheritance of excellent genes to carry forward Chinese civilization，It has very important significance。

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The 1950s and 1960s，With the rapid increase in archeological discovery of the Yellow River Basin，"Yellow River Basin Center theory" or "Central Plains Center theory" is quite popular in the prehistoric archeological field，Summer、An Zhimin、Shi Xingbang and other archaeologists hold this understanding。For example, An Zhimin said in 1959 that "the Yellow River Basin is the cradle of Chinese civilization"，Prehistoric culture in the Yellow River Basin "Promoting and affecting ancient culture in neighboring areas"。Su Bingqi also insisted on the saying of "forming a subject with the Central Plains as the core" during the Yangshao Cultural period。but，The early 1980s，He proposed the "Zeng Type" doctrine，Start clearly questioning the "Central Plains Center theory"。Due to major discovery of ruins such as Niuheliang，He even believes that the national origin and development model represented by the Hongshan Culture of the Xiliao River Basin is "native"，Central Plains is "secondary type"，The saying of the "Man's Star Dou" of the origin of Chinese civilization。Under the influence of Su Bingqi's theory of the "Type Types"，Many archaeologists are committed to sorting out the veins of the cultural development of each region。Even Zhang Guang, who was far away from overseas at the time when discussing the prehistoric "China Interaction Circle" or "initial China"，I also think that it is just a result of deep communication Bet365 app download between different areas of "equal status"。

In fact，Su Bingqi has never completely denied the special status of the middle reaches of the Yellow River or Central Plains。He still believed in the late 1990s，From Guanzhong、Shanxi、The "Y" cultural belt from northwest of Ji to the West Liao River Basin，is "the most important straight root system in the general root system of Chinese culture"，"Yangshao Cultural Temple Ditch Type，It may be the relics of people who form the core of the Chinese national "。Strict civilization first organically linked the theory of "zone type" and "Central Plains Center theory"，In 1986, the prehistoric culture of Chinese prehistoric culture used the Central Plains as the "Central Places Flower" pattern，Zhang Xuehai calls it "Xinzhongyuan Center theory"。Affected by strict civilization，Zhao Hui proposed that the historical trend centered on the Central Plains "started between 3000 and 2500 BC"。The author is further proposed，Around 4000 BC，"Early China" centered on Central Plains。

but but，Regardless of the theory of "Discipline" or "New Central Plains Center theory"，The cultural "early China" theory，In recent years, it has received Xu Hong、Doubt and criticism from scholars such as Li Xinwei。Li Xinwei thinks，These views "Degrated the impact of social development results outside the Central Plains on the formation of Chinese civilization，Obstructs us to draw more authentic、More colorful and magnificent Chinese civilization origin scrolls "。

　　The middle reaches of the Yellow River play a leading role

Although the country is a significant sign of civilization，But civilization is not the same as the country。Wang Wei pointed out，"Civilization is a new stage of human culture and social development"。Cultural new stage，It includes the astronomical calendar、The formation of complex ideological concepts and knowledge systems including text etiquette and other knowledge systems; a new stage in society，It is the emergence of a country with the characteristics of the royal rights。According to the above understanding of the concept of "civilization"，Chinese civilization should have taken the first step of the origins more than 8000 years ago。This is concentrated in the cultural site of Pei Ligang in Daiyang Jiahu, Henan Province。

The larger tomb of the Jiahu site is buried with bone specifications、Turtle Bet365 lotto review shells equipped with stones，Perhaps the time of granting the image、Turtle accounts related。Some turtle shell -like symbols are engraved on the deed，Or a hexagram，Or a resignation。Pei Li Gang culture has a special cemetery，Buried deep burial，Performing tomb festival，Already significant ancestor worship concept; tomb distinguishing group，It may correspond to social organizations at different levels of real society; the tombs are neatly arranged，When the earliest ethnic funeral or "clan grave" custom has appeared; some cemeteries have been used for hundreds of years，Reflect that the tenacious "historical memory" of the ancestors。Pei Li Gang culture has appeared between religious centers and ordinary villages、Differential between religious leaders and ordinary people，High male status。General at the same time，Baijia Culture in Ganshan and Shaanxi、Gao Temple Culture in Hunan、Zhejiang's cross -lake bridge culture、Xinglongwa Culture in the Xiliao River Basin，There are also signs of the origin of civilization。Due to the strong influence of Pei Ligang culture in the Central Plains region，Culture in most parts of China has some exchanges and contacts，With the germination of cultural "early China"。

Enter the Yangshao Cultural Period in about 7000 years，Banpo, Xi'an, Shaanxi、Lintong Jiangzhai, etc. The emergence of the heart -like ring settlement，It is a reflection of further enhancement of social order; the tomb of the mussel -plastic "Dragon Tiger" tomb of the Xishuipo site in Puyang, Henan，The origin of the 28 -bedroom system in China and the ancient Gatian theory have been advanced for thousands of years in advance。6000 years away from the moment，In Henan、Shaanxi、Land at the junction of the three provinces of Shanxi，A strong type of Yangshao Cultural Temple underworld appeared。Henan Lingbao West Po、Shaanxi Baishui River and other sites have a large -scale building of Zongmiao Palace with an area of ​​200-500 square meters，West Po and other sites found large tombs，Ruzhou Yancun found the "catfish 钺" figure with the nature of the war monument，It means that Central Plains took the lead in starting the process of social complexity。

Temple Digou Age，The significant expansion of the cultural expansion of the Central Plains，Drive the surrounding Dawenkou culture、Hongshan Culture、Songze Culture, Bet365 app download etc., has gradually accelerated the pace of civilization process，The "temple bottom gap" caused by Yangshao culture and the unprecedented convergence of the middle reaches of the Yellow River。Temple Dittin -like petal patterns are all over the north and south of the Greater River，Cultural blending in most parts of China becomes a super -cultural community or a cultural circle。This super cultural community，Whether in geographical or cultural sense，All laid the foundation for China after Xia, Shang and Zhou, and even after the Qin and Han dynasties，It marks the formal formation of "early Chinese cultural circle" or "early China"，The earliest China。and the large scale of the tomb of the west slope form a clear comparison，There is a degree of life and death at the beginning、Chong Gui Light Rich、Ceremony、The characteristics of the "Central Plains Model" or "North Model" in the simplicity。Li Boqian regards it as the "kingship" mode of civilization，Different from the "divine right" model with Hongshan Culture。

　The middle reaches of the Yellow River has a special status

about 5000 years away from this time，Enter the copper stone and use the times。Liangzhu Culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is in the Liangzhu Grand City of millions of square meters、Luxury Saitama Tomb、Large -scale water conservancy facilities, etc.，Zhao shows the emergence of early countries or the formation of civilized society。Dawenkou Culture in the Haiyu area、Qujialing culture in Jianghan area is also strong，There was a situation of expanding influence to the middle reaches of the Yellow River。Archaeological community once believes that the strength of the middle reaches of the Yellow River or the Central Plains is weakened，At a low tide，This is also one of the key points of some scholars who question。but，Based on the new archeological discovery，The actual situation is not so simple。

After 5300 years from the moment，More than 1 million square meters of large settlement in the Qin'an Dadi Bay site in central Gansu，and a palace -style building of more than 420 square meters，Different indoor and outdoor indoors and outdoor、Symptoms of the East and West hatchback、Basic pattern features of Chinese classical buildings such as left, middle and right, and secondary and right。The Gongyi Shuanghuashu Site site in central Henan also has more than 1 million square meters，Discovered bet365 Play online games a triple large ring 壕、Large rammed soil base site，Its long -row palace -style building is different from the palace -style palace -style building of Dadi Bay，jointly created the precedent of two types of palace buildings in later generations。Dadi Bay and Shuang locust tree settlement，It may be the center settlement of the two major "ancient countries" in the late Ganshan and Central Henan regions of Yangshao Culture，All have stood on the threshold of civilized society or the basic characteristics of the civilized society，Just lack of luxury jade and thick burial customs in the eastern coastal areas，Still featured "Central Plains Model" or "Northern Mode" features。After 4800 years from this time，The "Hero Ancient State" represented by Shuanghuai Tree has really declined，But in Longdong、There are still more large settlements in northern Shaanxi。Where，The front hall and back hall -style palace architecture found in the Nansa site of Qingyang，an area of ​​630 square meters，There are 9 rammed soil platforms on both sides of the palace，The degree of social development displayed is higher than that of Dadi Bay。

After entering the Longshan era in 4500,，The central status of Longdong and northern Shaanxi continues to strengthen，Lingtaiqiao Village site with an area of ​​6 million square meters appears，and the Yan'an Lushan Ruyi site with an area of ​​2 million square meters in the core area。Both sites have been found to be more possibly overwhelmed by the Temple Palace architecture、tube tile，Jade。At the Lushan Site site, it has revealed the rammed earth base with an area of ​​16,000 square meters，Symptomy of the central axis on the building complex、Master and secondary，Inheritance with the architectural pattern of Grand Bay，It's just more magnificent and complicated。At this time，The ancient city of Tao Temple with an area of ​​nearly 3 million square meters raised in southwestern Shanxi，and a large palace city with an area of ​​more than 100,000 square meters。Where，Large -scale rammed earth buildings with an area of ​​nearly 8,000 square meters and palace，There are also semi -circular "Observation Channels"，Buried a lot of jade、lacquerware、Deluxe Tomb of Long Pan and other。These central settlements and its palace -style buildings、Discovery of the Grand Tomb，It shows bet365 live casino games that the middle reaches of the Yellow River not only entered the national stage or civilized society，And the development level has surpassed the Yangtze River Basin of the same period。

After more than 4000 years from the moment,，Northern Shaanxi appeared in the ancient city of more than 4 million square meters，Its majestic and tall imperial city platform、Grand Gate、Exquisite jade articles, god -faced stone carvings and beast -faced stone carvings, etc.，All show the existence of national organizations，Quite northern civilized weather。and Middle and Western Henan also have hundreds of thousands of square meters of Dengfeng Wangchenggang Ancient City、Yuzhou Watian Center settlement、Xinmi Ancient City and Xinzhai Ancient City。If the Tiger Mountain Culture centered on the ancient city of Shijie, the destruction of the ancient city of Tao Temple can still be regarded as a struggle within the Yellow River midstream group，So Wang Chenggang、The large -scale replacement of the Wangwan Third Phase Culture of Wangwan, represented by Watian and other Wangwan are undoubtedly the iron certificate of the Central Plains Group to defeat Jianghan Group.，Corresponding to the "Yu Zheng San Miao" incident in historical records，laid the foundation for the establishment of the Xia Dynasty。The late summer culture represented by Erlitou Culture since then，It's just the development and improvement on this basis。For more than 4000 years from the moment，Liangzhu Culture and Shijiahe Culture Deat，Entering low tide in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River，The central status of the Yellow River Basin, especially the middle reaches of the Yellow River, is further enhanced。

Chinese prehistoric culture has diversity characteristics，The elements of civilization are not all from the Central Plains。but，When it developed to more than 8,000 years ago，The center status of the middle reaches of the Yellow River or the Central Plains is gradually prominent，With the germination of cultural "early China"，The first step in the origin of Chinese civilization。about 6000 years ago，With the strong impact and drive of the Central Plains region，Most of China's regional culture deeply blends，Formally form a cultural "early China"，The second step of getting out of the origin of Chinese civilization。about 5000 years away from this time，Yellow River、Multiple bet365 Play online games ancient countries appeared in the Yangtze River Basin，The initial formation of Chinese civilization，The middle reaches of the Yellow River is still important。About 4000 years ago，The strength of the middle reaches of the Yellow River greatly increases，Cultural large -scale south，Comprehensive decline in the Yangtze River Basin。After 3800 years from this time，centered on the middle reaches of the Yellow River or Central Plains，Formed a state -owned kingship country，Chinese civilization is mature。Generally speaking，The middle reaches of the Yellow River or Central Plains does have a certain central position in the process of Chinese civilization，It is the main root of the Chinese civilization of multiple branches。

(The author is a professor at the School of History of Renmin University of China、A specially appointed professor of the "Yangtze River Scholars Award Plan" of the Ministry of Education)