In the semantic spectrum system of thought，Highlighting experience、The induction of the phenomenon to obtain the empirical tradition of understanding of thought as the core purpose is its important branch。Empirical formation benefits from leapfrog development of modern science and technology。It is due to the progress of scientific and technological，Human beings may pass the clinical trial、On -site survey、Consultation Observation、Statistics analysis、Case verification and other methods，Observation thoughts and phenomena。Looking at the ideological research results in human history，Empirical traditions mainly include neuroscience、Cognitive Psychology、Psychoanalysis、Research in the fields of cultural anthropology。

　　bet365 best casino games Since ancient times，Human beings have all kinds of speculation about thought，The doctor who mastered the anatomical surgery first paid attention to the thought organs of the human brain，But limited by cognitive level and technical conditions，It is very limited to understand the human brain。until the end of the 20th century，reflective nuclein brain appear、Functional magnetic resonance appearance、Magnetic photo phase and magnetic resonance spectrum have been released in succession，Human understanding of the brain has made breakthrough progress。Human beings have gradually discovered that thinking is the function of the cerebral cortex，Any ideological activity，All are based on conscious。From this，The generation of thought is essentially transformed into a question of how consciousness is generated。Research results of neuroscience indicates，When the "enough number of nerve pulses gathered on the synapse of a neuron and activated the neuron，The latter followed a nerve pulse that was distributed along the axis of its branch to activate hundreds of other neurons. "。At the same time，Under the stimulation of the signal brought by the nerve pulse，Different brain areas of the cerebral cortex are activated，But due to the difference in activation level，Only one brain area signal at the same time can be realized，and under the role of "automatic adjustment mechanism in the brain"，"It will strengthen the activation level of this brain area，At the same time inhibit the activation level of other brain areas，Make only the activity of this brain area enter the consciousness "。Tang Xiaowei called this process "the emergence of the brain consciousness"，Sir John Carew Eccles is called "micro -neurological event structure"。The aforementioned consciousness stimulates the language central nervous system，Let people express information that appears in the language through language。These often activated brain areas，"It can cause the long -term enhancement of the synapse，stable the relevant circuit "，"A lot of memory storage has accumulated in the cerebral cortex，This provides a long -lasting foundation for self -unity "，formed a series of experience and even realizing knowledge，Provide the foundation for thought。In recent years，With the development of technology，Some scholars have launched the topic of artificial intelligence，I hope to use a silicon chip instead of neurons to transplant、Storer's consciousness、Thought。Thinking of artificial intelligence must have many ethical and moral issues，Touch the bottom line of social ethics，But the life it gives us，Especially the ideological understanding of people，It has brought a earth -shaking impact。Although the research of neuroscience has the meaning of repayment theory，And questioned，But it does clarify the relationship between thought and the human brain，Clarifying the generation of thought、Changes、Neurological foundation for development，Unveiled the mystery of thought。

　　Second，Cognitive psychology through the revealing of the creative node of thought，Clarify the psychological basis of thought。In cognitive psychology，The motivation is the starting point and power source of thought，The academic community has proposed some theories，Representative is the dual process motivation theory of John T. Jost and others and the dual process motivation theory of John Duckitt and others。The former believes that thinking is a cognition urged by certain needs and motivation，The latter believes that thinking is a cognition urged by social advantages and orientation。Both have different motivation foundations，The former "originated from right、Domination、Motivation needs of advantages "，The latter "Motivation of Social Control and Security"。Further，The condensation of thought is the concept。Existing research indicates，The formation of concepts can be achieved by obtaining rules or internal hidden learning。Here，The biggest characteristics of the thought lies in the creativity。Around creativity，Robert Jeffrey Sternberg proposed "3D psychological theory"，that is, the creativity is intellectual、Intellectual method、Three dimensions of personality; Maslo proposed the theory of demand hierarchy，I believe that creativity is an innate ability，With the continuous improvement of the level of human needs，Creativeness is also sublimating。，Piejie's constructing or understanding (thought) from knowing (thought)，Division of two psychological periods that have been divided into the formation of cognition (thought)，That is, "Activities formed by new features formed by the period of perception of sports activities and the concepts of speech and expression"，The transition of two periods means "the problem of changing from movement to conceptual thinking"。

　　third，Psychoanalysis through the interpretation of the structural relationship of thought，Reveal the internal structure of the thought。The psychological structure created by Freud's psychoanalytic party was conducted in an informative study。They emphasized that the internal structure of thinking from the human psychological structure。Freud initially constructed the psychological structure of "Subconscious -Previous Consciousness -Consciousness"，Soon after，Further improve it into the psychological structure of "Ben I -Self -Super I"。Alfred Adler inherited Freud's division of psychological structure，It proposed the obstacle of "inferiority complex" on personality development，Developed the theory of Personality Development with compensation as the core，presents "an individual for inferiority，Under the traction of superiority target，constantly strive to overcome and make up for the dynamic picture of the limitations of its own reality and imagination, "。Rongge focuses on the transformation of the concept of "subconscious"，Proposed "collective subconscious"，is the common psychological soil of human beings，and "collective subconscious" is various prototypes，That is various typical environments。The development of revolutionary significance，The psychoanalysis of society performed by Erich from，Psychoanalysis from individual -oriented society。Freom tried to grafes the point of view of Marx and Freud，The concept of "social subconscious" and "social personality" was proposed，Treat the former as an intermediary link that determines social consciousness，Treat the latter as "the social and economic structure and a popular thought in society、Intermediaries between ideals "。In this sense，Freom's research is better to unify "individual and society", "subjective motivation and objective motivation"，For the economic foundation and upper buildings、Interpretation of the relationship between society and social consciousness provides a new perspective。The development of the psychoanalysis school basically follows the point of view of the scholars。

　　Fourth，Cultural Anthropology passes through the ethnic determination of thought，Clept the original logic of thought、Social and cultural foundation。Scholars represented by Lucien Lvy-Bruhl conducted in-depth inspection of the original logic of thought。In their opinion，In the primitive society period，Human awe of nature，People in a tribe will regard a certain animal or plant or celestial phenomenon in nature as the common patron saint of the tribe，They use a sacrifice ritual together，Get mysterious contact with all things with heaven and earth，Then pray for、Trust belief。can be found，Primitive humans have already started trying to use mysterious totem beliefs，Communicate with each other in the tribe、Communication，Further break through the fog brought by unknown nature，Establish a certain consistency with all things with heaven and earth，Cultivate the human understanding of human beings to a certain degree of category。In this process，Human began to change from "original logical thinking" to a more advanced thinking form- "logical thinking" transformation，Gradually produced logical tools such as concepts and classification activities based on this。At the same time，Michael Tomasello inspects the social and cultural foundation of thought。He thinks，"Human cooperation communication began in nature、Self -drawing and drawing feet "，And this cooperation communication depends on the skills and motivations of "sharing" or "‘ us ’intentions。Based on this，Human beings have arbitrary language practice in gesture communication，"Human began to create and convey the complex language structure composed of different grammar conventions in culture，and complicated the complicated information in different language structures as different categories，in order to use in a repeated communication environment "。That is in such a cultural environment，Thoughts to create a living。Clifford Gertz is further based on Bali、Java Island and other ethnic materials，In the substantive sense, the thought is the passage of human society、Different from the meaning structure of low -level animals。It is the most basic condition for human existence，Make people's behavior more plastic、More composite、More efficient、More adjustable，instead of being reduced to "pure meaningless action and chaotic objects of sudden emotions"。

　　Fifth, reflection on the thought in the empirical tradition.Discussion of the physiological foundation of thought in neuroscience，It is still the interpretation of the psychological foundation of ideology of cognitive psychology，Psychoanalysis of the internal structure of thought，Cultural Anthropology's Social foundation for ideology，It is a response to the question of "what is"，Questions on the epistemology of ideas attributable to thought。If you stand on the standpoint of materialism history，Human thought can never stay at the level of conceptual consciousness，It will eventually enter the link of practice，and then transformed into human reality。From this,，Ideological research will always be lingering in the epistemology of the epistemology，So，It cannot show the completeness of thought、In addition to the real appearance，It will also fall into the theoretical reproduction without gain，Bring back -body damage to the research of thought，An obstacle to the road to the road to the real thought。At the same time，Breeding ideas to the study of epistemology，Ignoring the disclosure of the practical theory of thought，Specifies the practical contact between thought and behavior，It will make people's understanding of the relationship between thought and behavior becoming increasingly mechanical、Obligation。For this，It is necessary to deepen the study at the same time as the conceptual theory of ideas "what is" as the core，Making up is enough to think of "how" as the core of practical theory dimension，Then the effective connection between the understanding of the ideological theory of ideas and the dimension of practice，Provide a relatively complete explanation plan for understanding of thought。

　　(Author Unit: The College of Marxism University of Suzhou University)