Because there is no word "Huang Lao" in the pre -Qin handed down classics，Huang Lao's name is more common in the Han Dynasty literature，Therefore, although the Son of the Warring States Period is many times in "Historical Records"、Tianyu、Solitter、Huanyuan and others all learned about Huang Lao's moral surgery，But in the past people's attention to Huang Lao Dao's family still concentrated in the early Han Dynasty，The existence of its pre -Qin period is often bypassed or ignored by scholars。Unearthed from the Book of Four Classics of the Yellow Emperor in Ma Wangdui，People find that the ideas of thought are with the thoughts of the Warring States Period and some chapters in the "Tube".。After continuous research，Scholars finally confirmed a foundation with the "Yellow Emperor Four Classics" as the foundation，Through the chapters of the His Majesty and "Tube" through the cautiousness，Then to the complete development context of the Huang Lao Dao family such as "Wenzi" and "Crown Tzu" in the Warring States Period。Now，The study of the Wattle of the Warring States Period is already a big view，Before the cutting -edge field of the study of pre -Qin philosophy。

Although the Huang Lao Dao family rises to the Warring States Period，But it does not appear out of thin air，It should have its own origin。In the earlier study of the Book of the Yellow Emperor "Four Classics"，Scholars discovered that many of the words of this book are similar to Fan Ye's words in "Mandarin · Yue language"，Some scholars have put forward the point of view of Fan Ye Naihuang's thought pioneer，but failed to perform specific arguments。

The source of the thought of Huang Lao Dao's family，It must be traced back to Lao Tzu's thought side bet365 live casino games is complete self -consistent，This needs to confirm the connection of Fan Ye and Lao Tzu from the context of ideological development，This can not show the complete development of Huang Lao's thoughts throughout the pre -Qin period。For this，The author's research goals are on the backward trace of the book "The Four Classics of the Yellow Emperor"，Looking for Huang Lao Dao's ideas in the Spring and Autumn Period。

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Ji Ran's real name is Xinyan，Word Wenzi，Fan Ye's Family。Ji Ran's affairs，Most of the literature from the Han Dynasty to the Tang and Song dynasties can be tested;，From the Han Dynasty to the Tang and Song dynasties, it was widely circulated。Therefore，Ji Ran as a historical figure，His existence should have been an indisputable fact。But，Jin people Cai Mo questioned the existence of the people，He believes that it is Fan Ye's title instead of human name。Cai Mo's point of view was not supported at the time and history，Instead, it attracted a lot of refutation，People are still convinced of the existence of their people。Until the late Late Chinese Master Mr. Qian Mu Mu re -held Cai Mozhi，and proposed several arguments，Most of the scholars are convinced of Mr. Qian Mu's detailed examination，So whether the existence of the people has become a public case in today's academic circles。I repeatedly read Mr. Qian Mu's test article，I believe that his test is not enough to deny the existence of people，Then refute one by one，Re -confirmed the real existence of the people。

Ji Ran is Lao Tzu's disciple Wenzi，This statement is at least well known in the Eastern Han Dynasty，Presumably there must be the literature that I saw at the time as the basis。Northern Wei Li Si Zu as "Wenzi" as "Wenzi"，I once pointed out: "(Wenzi) surname Xin，Kwaiqiu，The name is Ji Ran，Fan Ye's Family。This is in Lao Tzu，Record its last words as twelve articles。"This is the most important literature basis of Lao Tzu's disciple Wenzi，This bet365 Play online games material allows us to connect Fan Ye and Lao Tzu's academic。Ji Ran Shi Cheng Lao Tzu's learning，and made important promotion，He proposed the idea of ​​changing the yin and yang punishment of Deji，Inherited and developed by Fan Ye，Later, it became an important theory of the Huang Lao Dao family of the Warring States Period。

　　The correlation between Fan Ye's thought and Lao Tzu's thought

According to the rich historical materials provided by classics such as "Mandarin · Vietnam" and "Yue Jue Book", "Wu Yue Chun Qiu"，It can be seen that Fan Ye's ideological connection with Lao Tzu is very close。Fan Ye received the learning of Lao Tzu，Carefully study and suck，Politics for more than 20 years later、Application and innovative development in military and industrial activities，Finally formed a new situation in which Taoist thought successfully guided social practice，opened a new field and new direction for the development of Taoist doctrine。

Fan Ye inherited Lao Tzu's way of thinking about the people's mindset，He always will heaven、Di、Three people are tied up for overall thinking，and "Personnel will be governed with heaven and earth，Then it can succeed "as his overall guidance idea that he applied Taoism's philosophy to social practice。Fan Ye based on the basic principles of Taoist Taoism based on Lao Tzu，Creatively proposed an important category "cause"，Specific methods to guide social activities，His commonly used expressions include "what is suitable for time", "because of the constant of the heavens and the earth", "the constant of the heavens and the earth", etc.。"cause" is to follow、Due to any、Conform，The basic idea is Shun Ren Nature，This obviously comes from Lao Tzu's ideological essence of Nature's Nature and Taoism Nature。"In" as a proposal of a philosophical concept，It is Fan Ye's important contribution to Taoist thought and Chinese classical philosophy，Eye Fan Ye's hand，"Intellectual" has been promoted to a common philosophical Bet365 app download methodology。Fan Ye's theoretical meaning of "cause" theory，It is dedicated to the principle of Lao Tzu's "Taoism Nature"，Make it operable，You can find huge application space in the social and political field。

Taoist thinking created by Lao Tzu，It also includes the opposite way of thinking and reciprocating thinking method，These two ways of thinking have sufficient performance in Fan Ye's academic thoughts。Many of Lao Tzu's familiar thoughts，If "not with the world", "the virtue of not fighting", "the retreat", "the end of the world", "the end", "the birth without，For not stinging "," Da Ying Ru Yong "," Things must be reversed "," Later, "and so on，Fan Ye has in -depth understanding、Vivid interpretation and actual application。

　Fan Fan Ye's historical facts

Lao Tzu said in the late spring and autumn，Chu culture system that belongs to the south，To the middle of the Warring States Period，Lao Tzu Theory has had a significant impact in the northern country，Among them, there is a question that Lao Tzu doctrine is introduced to the north。Listing in the north，Qi Guo is the most worthy of attention，Because of more than 100 years in the middle and late period of the Warring States Period，The doctrine of various schools gathered in Qi Guo's His Majesty and formed a heyday of arguing，Lao Tzu's Taoist thought is also picked in Qi Guoda。The North Biography of Lao Tzu may have more than one channel，But Lao Tzu said that it should be the most important of them、The deepest event。The author is mainly based on the records of "Historical Records" and supplemented by other materials，Detailed demonstration of Fan Ye's historical facts，Clarified some of the details。Fan Ye knows that Yue Wang Goujian is "able to suffer from difficulties，Can't enjoy it with common "，So after the death of Wu, resolutely retreat，Leaving Vietnam，Hidden surname is included，Self -called Yiyi Zi Skin，Come to Qi State，Start the business career in the second half of life。Fan Ye chose Qi Guo，It is Bet365 app download compatible with Qi Guoha.、Open cultural heritage and the tradition of paying attention to industry and commerce。Fan Ye came to Qi State，First, "Plow on the sea，Perseverance，Father and son treats production。Without geometry，Hundreds of thousands of production "，Later in Tao (now Tao Mountain in Feicheng, Shandong)，Self -called "Zhu Gong"。Fan Ye has been in Qi for more than 20 years，Migration of its residence，Two Yi Qi name，Sanzi Qianjin，"The world is called Tao Zhugong"，Later generations are Shangsheng。

Fan Ye entered Qi，It is an important event in the history of Taoist thought，It is also a major event in the history of ancient Chinese academic thought。Qi Guo’s cultural environment is very suitable for the spread and development of Taoist thoughts，Fan Ye passed the theory of Lao Tzu into Qi State，​​Taoist thought, so it quickly spreads and develops on this fertile cultural soil，Fan Ye's characteristic Taoist theory also provides an essential ideological resource for the rise of Huang Lao Daojia。

　　Fan Ye's thoughts with Huang Lao Dao's theoretical contact

Fan Ye inherited Lao Tzu's Tiandao Outlook，and creatively introduce the concept of "yin and yang"，The idea of ​​"Yin and Yang of Tiandao" was proposed，The abstract "Tiandao" is specifically turned into yin and yang、Sun Moon、Four o'clock、Frequently、Extreme、Number、Ji、Section、micro、Ming、Win、shrinkage, etc. can be observed、The natural rhythm of grasping，I made a key promotion to the Taoist Taoist view。Before Fan Ye，The concept of yin and yang is just used to explain natural phenomena，It has not been associated with human social activities，Fan Ye introduced the concept of yin and yang into social life，Personnel with yin and yang，Solution to guide social political and military issues。Fan Ye's Tiandao Yin and Yang thought became the iconic narrative method of the Huang Lao Dao family later，Inspired by the Book "The Yellow Emperor's Four bet365 Play online games Classics" and "The Tube", etc.、Yin Yang Xing De、Yin and Yang disaster disaster and other theories。

As mentioned above, Fan Ye proposed the concept of "cause" and promoted it to philosophical methodology，Fan Ye's "cause" theory was widely spread during the Warring States Period，Developed into an important content in the theory of Huang Lao Daojia, His Majesty。Huang Lao Dao's family focuses on developing the methodology of "cause"，Develop a set of "cause" theory，and advance from "Due to the Time" to "cause human love"，Theoretical guidance for formulating policies in various aspects。

The study of Fan Ye as the center of Fan Ye as the center basically completed the traceability work of Huang Lao Dao's family，The weak link from the Taoist doctrine from the late Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States Period，Let us outline how Lao Tzu's primitive Taoism develops a complete clue of the Wattle of the Words of the Warring States Period.。

What needs to be mentioned here is，We said that Fan Ye is the pioneer of the ideological pioneer of Huang Lao Dao's family，Is not to say that Fan Ye is already a strict figure of Huang Lao Dao family。Because Huang Lao Daojia is a branch of the Taoist school，It is under the conditions of the era of strong transformation in the Warring States Period，Its theoretical characteristics are based on Taoist theoretical claims of house politics，At the same time, the theoretical results of Confucianism and other schools，Fan Ye obviously did not have such a historical background, ideological and cultural conditions。But it is undeniable that，Fan Ye was an important development link from the early Taoist Taoist to the Huang Lao Dao family of the Warring States Period，His thought provides indispensable ideological resources and theoretical preparations for the rise of Huang Lao Dao's family。

Huang Lao Dao's family has a rich ideological connotation，It is more suitable for the rule of law thinking that is more suitable for long -term stability、Pay attention bet365 live casino games to the theory of governing the country in philosophical guidance、Diverse Cultural Concept、The theory of restricted monarchy for monarchy、Naturally inaction philosophical thoughts, etc.，All have positive effects in history，It has to be discovered and learned from us in depth。

　　(The author is the head of the National Social Science Fund "New Research on the Development and Evolution of Taoist Philosophy"、Professor of the Department of Philosophy of the Capital Normal University)