Yongdeng County, Gansu Province, belongs to the river cricket area at the border of Ganqing，Many ethnic groups in history have long been here for a long time，Seven ethnic groups have lived in this area。The Lu Tuchi building complex of Yongdeng Liancheng is an important Tusi historical and cultural heritage in the Hebang area，It records the beginning of the Chinese toast system、Prosperity、嬗 Change、The historical and cultural form of the decline process。The Lu Tuji building complex existing more than 30 monolithic buildings in 7 -seater building groups，including 5 Tibetan Buddhist temples，1 seat，1 Taoist building，It is one of the few basic and complete to preserved historical Tusi buildings in the Northwest and even the country，They together reflect the historical system characteristics of the "Shi Zhiqi" of the toast。As a special cultural heritage，It is both a material culture based on architecture as a carrier and logo，It also carries the Tusi system culture of each period，Including the blend of local national cultures，It contains rich content of intangible cultural heritage。

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Tusi phenomena are common in the livelihood of indigenous peoples in many countries around the world，The Chinese toast system is an administrative system established by the courts of all periods in various ethnic regions.。The phenomenon and problems of Chinese toasts started at the intersection of the Song Dynasty，Formed in the Yuan Dynasty，Facilitarian Ming Dynasty，Dechat from Bet365 lotto review the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China，After the completion of the democratic reform of the New China，It took more than 800 years before and after，Politics of more than 20 multi -ethnic provinces in my country、Economy、Culture has formed to varying degrees of influence。

In the Yuan Dynasty, the Titan Tuska System，Gradually Development、Evolution becomes a stricter "toast system"。In the Ming Dynasty began to appear in the Shiwei Guard Tuska，It is mainly distributed in Gansu、Qinghai and Northeast China。After the middle of the Ming Dynasty，In Southwest、The northwest and northeast ethnic areas are allowed to set up a Tusi Agency，Tusi has become a mixed name for "job" and "division"。In the Qing Dynasty，Most of the types of Qianhu and Baihu in the Ganqing area in the northwest and the Guizhou region in the southwest。Tusi is a local official who independently owns his own gate and his own official system，Tu Guan only has "the world、The world controls its people、Shitong's soldiers、The flow of the world、The flow of the world、The flow of the world、All the features of the world "are sealed",is the real toast。If the local official does not have his own governance、"Entry" is not in the Central Dynasties of the Central Dynasty，It can only be a native official，or as the official of the Tusi，Not toast。In the Ming Dynasty, Gansu belongs to the Shaanxi Administrative envoy，There are thirty -one toast，Gansu as the province，Commander to command the Division to make eight people，But the only Ru family with the original architectural heritage is left。Gansu Lutu Simon and its temple building complex is the material manifestation of the "world rule"，It was the place where Lu Tuji relied on his life at that time，It is also a material Bet365 app download heritage left by future generations。

When the toast is in the region of the rule,，We must take into account the cultural characteristics of various nations，Therefore, national cultural exchanges and integration become inevitable under the toast system。Four genealogies from Lutuji、Building complex、Anti -Material Cultural Heritage and other important material cultural heritage，The overall reflects the more complete national cultural characteristics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China。Tusi City generally includes inner cities、outer city and suburbs triple，Lu Tuji City fully reflects all the situation of the Tusi City of Shiwei Guard，To a large extent reflect the political and cultural tradition of "inside and outside"。Lu's inner city center is the Lu Tu Division Department，On the east side of the Department is Tusi Garden，On the west side of the Department, the Miaoyin Temple is the Tusi Temple，The "Zuozu and Right Society" structure that belongs to the more typical things。The outer city of Lu's is a Tusi tomb，Divided into Shangxiangtang、Xixiangtang and Xia Xiangtang。The suburbs of Tusi City are residential villages and coal mine areas。Ru's centered on this city，The scope of power involves today's Gansu Yongde、Tianzhu，Qinghai Ledu、mutual assistance and other places。The transition zone in the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau and the Loess Plateau，Is an important node in the Tibetan and Qiang National Corridor。

　　Cultural integration in image theme

In the existing Lutu Ancient Building complex，Basically, the building planning layout that has continued for more than 500 years since the beginning of the Ming Dynasty、Building structure。Existing Miaoyin Temple、Buildings such Bet365 app download as Thanksgiving Temple and other buildings are all Chinese -style Galan Qiotang -style layout，On the middle axis，Symmetric Construction Single Building。Each unit building uses the large roof building in the Central Plains Chinese Palace，Single River or Xieshan、庑 庑，Building beam frame、Dou栱、Pingzao Zaojing top、Building colorful paintings and other places reflect the difference in architectural level，Basically meets the requirements of the Confucian system。

The tile structure that exists in accordance with these buildings、Brick Carving、Sculpture、murals、Color Painting、Thangka and other different types of images of different types of periods，Save traces of historical development to varying degrees。The content of these images is more complicated and diverse，More completely presenting the descendants of Mongolian and Yuan Dynasty in history, Lu Tuji, which is carried by the local rule、Various cultural characteristics of fusion。

Sculpture murals and placed Han style、Tibetan two distinctive styles，In the Miaoyin Temple Eagle King Temple, there is a hiphawed sculpture in the middle of the Eagle King，Thanksgiving Temple Daxiong Temple Sculpture uses Tibetan Chinese bilingual and indicates the statues of the Third Buddha and Bodhisattva。Broadcasting in the Journey to the West during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，The Journey to the West Journey to the East Temple in Dongda Temple is drawn according to the publishing material of the Ming Dynasty.，Thanksgiving Temple also has the subject of the Journey to the West (reshaping) works。

Freshly decorative brick carving on the outer wall of the building in the river area，Multi -use various auspicious plant pattern corner flowers for layout，Common Peony、bet365 live casino games Lotus、Plum Blossom、Lotus leaf、Bamboo、Pomegranate、persimmon、Fozen and other Chinese decorative patterns，"Erlong Pingshou", "Five Blessing Life", "Four Seasons", "Dark Eight Immortals", which are commonly used in Han people in the center，There are also dragons、Lion、Deer、Tiger、Cow and other shapes。The center part of the wall of the Lu's architecture is mostly the image of the Tibetan Buddhist deities，Tibetan eight treasures around、Five Lust、10,000 words、Seven Zhengbao、Ten phases are self -free、Tibetan patterns such as stack letters，Together with Chinese -style folk images, it is used in various buildings。Similar image themes are also used in architectural color paintings、tile structure sculpture，From the beginning of the Ming Dynasty to Bet365 lotto review the end of the Qing Dynasty, there are image storage，Maintenance supplementary paintings in the 1980s，It can be seen specifically and clearly that Tibetan Han cultural exchange collision、The process of fusion coexistence。

　　Intangible support for creating images

The material heritage preserved by Lu Tuji also contains part of the intangible heritage，Artisan craftsmanship is an important factor in creating these exquisite historical images，The understanding of the artisans' understanding of various cultures、Accepting and choice is the core element of the integration of national culture。Lu's ancestors migrated from Nanjing to Liancheng，Their followers and craftsmen also from the south、Move in the Central Plains area，Future generations have always lived in Liancheng，and hide with the local area、Back and other ethnic groups naturally blend，So far, I still play an important role in the annual sacrifice activities。You can see the bamboo bet365 best casino games pattern of the south on the brick carving of the building brick carving，Moon beams in Soviet -style buildings、Soviet -style luggage architecture color paintings also appear on various buildings，Douyu was replaced by Miao Tonghua，Use Tibetan carving techniques to make tangled decoration。Most of the Chinese palace murals are used in murals.，The strict degree of strictness in the aspects of lines and other aspects is as Hebei、Shanxi and other places close to，Fahai Temple、Pilu Temple、The mural image of Qinglong Temple and other places is similar。The general class system of the thunderous population is originally popular in the Shenxiao Thunder Fa faith in the south of the river，Reserves the corresponding shape in the suspension of plastic and murals，You can see the skills brought by the craftsman and its related beliefs are selected into the Liancheng area。

These rich and intuitive images，and historical documents、Moving cultural relics, etc., jointly outline the characteristics of the vertical and horizontal exchanges of all ethnic groups in different periods，They are comprehensive and three -dimensional in the process of Lu Tuji in the process of long -term rule of the local area，Gradually achieved Mongolia、Tibet、The cultural exchange integration process of the Han nation。With the precipitation of history，The system is far away，The war has been interesting，But the material and cultural relics present the historical process of the once active manner in a static image，Reflected the Lutu family in the process of implementing local rule in the northwest，Consciously and unconsciously realized the coexistence of national culture，Exchanges and penetration，Harmonious Bet365 app download Square，Enrich the diverse and unified Chinese national cultural form。As national key protection cultural relics，Resource value of local material culture and intangible culture。

　　(The author is the person in charge of the State Social Science Fund project "Gansu Lu Tuji Image Culture Research"、Associate Professor of the Academy of Fine Arts of Northwest University for Nationalities)